rdblue commented on a change in pull request #4262:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4262#discussion_r827482687



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File path: python/src/iceberg/expression/literals.py
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@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+import datetime
+import sys
+import uuid
+from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP, Decimal
+from functools import singledispatch
+from typing import Any
+
+from iceberg.types import PrimitiveType
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from functools import singledispatchmethod
+else:
+    from singledispatch import singledispatchmethod
+
+import pytz
+
+from iceberg.types import (
+    BinaryType,
+    BooleanType,
+    DateType,
+    DecimalType,
+    DoubleType,
+    FixedType,
+    FloatType,
+    IntegerType,
+    LongType,
+    Singleton,
+    StringType,
+    TimestampType,
+    TimestamptzType,
+    TimeType,
+    UUIDType,
+)
+
+EPOCH = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(0)
+
+"""
+Iceberg literal is wrapper class used in expressions, which return unbound 
predicates
+It's being organized as below
+Literal
+|-- AboveMax
+|-- BelowMin
+|-- BaseLiteral
+    |-- StringLiteral
+    |-- FixedLiteral
+    |-- BinaryLiteral
+    |-- ComparableLiteral
+        |-- BooleanLiteral
+        |-- IntegerLiteral
+        |-- LongLiteral
+        |-- FloatLiteral
+        |-- DoubleLiteral
+        |-- DateLiteral
+        |-- TimeLiteral
+        |-- TimestampLiteral
+        |-- DecimalLiteral
+        |-- UUIDLiteral
+"""
+
+
+class Literal:
+    def to(self, type_var: PrimitiveType):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def to_byte_buffer(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+@singledispatch
+def literal(value: Any):
+    """
+    A generic Literal factory to construct an iceberg Literal based on python 
primitive data type
+    using dynamic overloading
+
+    Args:
+        value(python primitive type): the value to be associated with literal
+
+    Example:
+        from iceberg.expressions.literals import literal
+        >>> literal(123)
+        <IntegerLiteral(123)>v
+    """
+    raise TypeError(f"Unimplemented Type Literal for value: {value}")
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: bool):
+    return BooleanLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: int):
+    """
+    Upgrade to long if python int is outside the JAVA_MIN_INT and JAVA_MAX_INT
+    """
+    if value < IntegerType.min or value > IntegerType.max:
+        return LongLiteral(value)
+    return IntegerLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: float):
+    """
+    Upgrade to double if python float is outside the JAVA_MIN_FLOAT and 
JAVA_MAX_FLOAT
+    """
+    if value < FloatType.min or value > FloatType.max:
+        return DoubleLiteral(value)
+    return FloatLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: str):
+    return StringLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: uuid.UUID):
+    return UUIDLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: bytes):
+    return FixedLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: bytearray):
+    return BinaryLiteral(value)
+
+
[email protected]
+def _(value: Decimal):
+    return DecimalLiteral(value)
+
+
+class BaseLiteral(Literal):
+    """Base literal which has a value and can be converted between types"""
+
+    def __init__(self, repr_string: str, value):
+        self._repr_string = repr_string
+        self.value = value
+        self.byte_buffer = None
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._repr_string
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def to_byte_buffer(self):
+        # TODO need byte buffer conversion
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ComparableLiteral(BaseLiteral):
+    def __init__(self, repr_string: str, value):
+        super(ComparableLiteral, self).__init__(repr_string, value)
+
+    def to(self, type_var):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if self.value is None:

Review comment:
       Literal values must never be `None`, so that we never have to worry 
about cases where we are comparing `None`. Can you add a `TypeError` or 
`ValueError` in the constructor? It is important to have this invariant for the 
rest of the expressions codebase.




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