rdblue commented on a change in pull request #4071:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4071#discussion_r830646552



##########
File path: 
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/UpdateSnapshotReferencesOperation.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iceberg;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.apache.iceberg.exceptions.CommitFailedException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.exceptions.ValidationException;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.Tasks;
+
+import static org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_MAX_RETRY_WAIT_MS;
+import static 
org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_MAX_RETRY_WAIT_MS_DEFAULT;
+import static org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_MIN_RETRY_WAIT_MS;
+import static 
org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_MIN_RETRY_WAIT_MS_DEFAULT;
+import static org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_NUM_RETRIES;
+import static org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_NUM_RETRIES_DEFAULT;
+import static org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_TOTAL_RETRY_TIME_MS;
+import static 
org.apache.iceberg.TableProperties.COMMIT_TOTAL_RETRY_TIME_MS_DEFAULT;
+
+class UpdateSnapshotReferencesOperation implements PendingUpdate<Map<String, 
SnapshotRef>> {
+
+  private final TableOperations ops;
+  private TableMetadata base;
+  private final Map<String, SnapshotRef> refsToUpdate;
+  private final Set<String> refsToRemove;
+
+  UpdateSnapshotReferencesOperation(TableOperations ops) {
+    this.ops = ops;
+    this.base = ops.current();
+    this.refsToUpdate = Maps.newHashMap();
+    this.refsToRemove = Sets.newHashSet();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<String, SnapshotRef> apply() {
+    this.base = ops.refresh();
+    Map<String, SnapshotRef> refs = Maps.newHashMap();
+    TableMetadata.Builder updatedBuilder = TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
+    for (String refName : refsToRemove) {
+      SnapshotRef ref = base.ref(refName);
+      ValidationException.check(ref != null, "Cannot remove nonexistent 
snapshot ref %s", refName);
+      if (ref.isBranch()) {
+        updatedBuilder.removeBranch(refName);
+      }
+      else {
+        updatedBuilder.removeTag(refName);
+      }
+    }
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> refEntry : refsToUpdate.entrySet()) {
+      String name = refEntry.getKey();
+      SnapshotRef snapshotRef = refEntry.getValue();
+      updatedBuilder.createSnapshotRef(name, snapshotRef);
+    }
+    return refs;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void commit() {
+    Tasks.foreach(ops)
+        .retry(base.propertyAsInt(COMMIT_NUM_RETRIES, 
COMMIT_NUM_RETRIES_DEFAULT))
+        .exponentialBackoff(
+            base.propertyAsInt(COMMIT_MIN_RETRY_WAIT_MS, 
COMMIT_MIN_RETRY_WAIT_MS_DEFAULT),
+            base.propertyAsInt(COMMIT_MAX_RETRY_WAIT_MS, 
COMMIT_MAX_RETRY_WAIT_MS_DEFAULT),
+            base.propertyAsInt(COMMIT_TOTAL_RETRY_TIME_MS, 
COMMIT_TOTAL_RETRY_TIME_MS_DEFAULT),
+            2.0 /* exponential */)
+        .onlyRetryOn(CommitFailedException.class)
+        .run(taskOps -> {
+          Map<String, SnapshotRef> refs = apply();
+          TableMetadata.Builder updatedMetadata = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
+          updatedMetadata.
+          taskOps.commit(base, updated);
+        });
+  }
+
+  public UpdateSnapshotReferencesOperation createBranch(String name, long 
snapshotId) {

Review comment:
       I think these methods don't quite get the behavior correct. In the table 
update APIs, changes should be applied in sequence so that each one updates the 
table as though it were part of its own commit. For example, in the 
`UpdateSchema` API, two calls to `moveFirst` will move one column, then the 
second. The two operations don't conflict.
   
   Here, calling `createBranch` followed by `setMinSnapshotsToKeep` on the same 
branch will result in an error because this adds the new ref to `refsToUpdate` 
and the other finds a ref in `table.refs()`.
   
   I think this class should start by copying the table refs, then make changes 
to that set of refs. In `apply`, this can diff the original set of refs against 
the current table refs to make specific changes to `TableMetadata`. For table 
property updates, we do that diff in `TableMetadata` and I think it would be 
reasonable to do the same for this if you want.




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