rdblue commented on code in PR #4242:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/4242#discussion_r879993074


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/avro/AvroSchemaWithTypeVisitor.java:
##########
@@ -79,11 +79,29 @@ private static <T> T visitRecord(Types.StructType struct, 
Schema record, AvroSch
   private static <T> T visitUnion(Type type, Schema union, 
AvroSchemaWithTypeVisitor<T> visitor) {
     List<Schema> types = union.getTypes();
     List<T> options = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(types.size());
-    for (Schema branch : types) {
-      if (branch.getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
-        options.add(visit((Type) null, branch, visitor));
-      } else {
-        options.add(visit(type, branch, visitor));
+
+    // simple union case
+    if (AvroSchemaUtil.isOptionSchema(union)) {
+      for (Schema branch : types) {
+        if (branch.getType() == Schema.Type.NULL) {
+          options.add(visit((Type) null, branch, visitor));
+        } else {
+          options.add(visit(type, branch, visitor));
+        }
+      }
+    } else { // complex union case
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(type instanceof Types.StructType,
+          "Cannot visit invalid Iceberg type: %s for Avro complex union type: 
%s", type, union);

Review Comment:
   The problem is that there can be identical branches in a union and 
order-based resolution could do this incorrectly. The name mapping approach 
allows this to be entirely by ID here, and the name mapping could do deeper 
validation because it has child field IDs for all nested types.



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