stevenzwu commented on code in PR #5348:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/5348#discussion_r938006420


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api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/metrics/FixedReservoirHistogram.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.metrics;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link Histogram} implementation that uses a fixed size reservoir like 
circular buffer. Oldest
+ * observation is replaced by latest observation.
+ */
+public class FixedReservoirHistogram implements Histogram {
+  private final long[] measurements;
+  private long count;
+
+  public FixedReservoirHistogram(int reservoirSize) {
+    this.measurements = new long[reservoirSize];
+    this.count = 0L;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized long count() {
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void update(long value) {
+    int index = (int) (count % measurements.length);
+    measurements[index] = value;
+    count++;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Statistics statistics() {
+    int size = measurements.length;
+    if (count < (long) measurements.length) {
+      size = (int) count;
+    }
+
+    long[] values = new long[size];
+    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        values[i] = measurements[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new UniformWeightStatistics(values);
+  }
+
+  private static class UniformWeightStatistics implements Statistics {
+    private final long[] values;
+
+    private UniformWeightStatistics(long[] values) {

Review Comment:
   yeah. avoiding multiple loops makes sense.



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