benwtrent opened a new issue, #15504:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/issues/15504

   ### Description
   
   When merging HNSW indexed segments, we attempt to improve the incremental 
nature of HNSW's indexing algorithm by re-using already calculated statistics. 
   
   This includes:
   
    - Utilizing the biggest graph (after repairing deletes)
    - Optimizing the entry points for smaller graph merging 
(MergingHnswGraphBuilder)
   
   However, we still ultimately do incremental building of the graph. I think 
another good optimization would be to reuse the previously calculated graphs to 
further augment our bulk building of HNSW graphs.
   
   The idea is as follows. When gathering the potential connections for a given 
node, instead of only searching the NEW graph (or the largest one), every graph 
is searched directly.
   
   This is means:
    - Nodes no longer need to worry about backlinks as ALL nodes were 
considered on indexing
    - It makes parallel building even faster as backlinks aren't required and 
all existing graphs can be searched in parallel
   
   This idea should be applicable even to the `MergingHnswGraphBuilder`. 


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