YannByron commented on code in PR #1678:
URL: https://github.com/apache/incubator-paimon/pull/1678#discussion_r1278774405


##########
paimon-core/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/schema/SchemaMergingUtils.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.paimon.schema;
+
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ArrayType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataField;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DataTypeCasts;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.DecimalType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ILength;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.IPrecision;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.MapType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.MultisetType;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.ReassignFieldId;
+import org.apache.paimon.types.RowType;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/** The util class for merging the schemas. */
+public class SchemaMergingUtils {
+
+    public static TableSchema mergeSchemas(TableSchema currentTableSchema, 
RowType dataFields) {
+        if (currentTableSchema.logicalRowType().equals(dataFields)) {
+            return currentTableSchema;
+        }
+
+        AtomicInteger highestFieldId = new 
AtomicInteger(currentTableSchema.highestFieldId());
+        RowType newRowType =
+                mergeSchemas(currentTableSchema.logicalRowType(), dataFields, 
highestFieldId);
+        return new TableSchema(
+                currentTableSchema.id() + 1,
+                newRowType.getFields(),
+                highestFieldId.get(),
+                currentTableSchema.partitionKeys(),
+                currentTableSchema.primaryKeys(),
+                currentTableSchema.options(),
+                currentTableSchema.comment());
+    }
+
+    public static RowType mergeSchemas(
+            RowType tableSchema, RowType dataSchema, AtomicInteger 
highestFieldId) {
+        return (RowType) merge(tableSchema, dataSchema, highestFieldId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Merge the base data type and the update data type if possible.
+     *
+     * <p>For RowType, find the fields which exists in both the base schema 
and the update schema,
+     * and try to merge them by calling the method iteratively; remain those 
fields that are only in
+     * the base schema and append those fields that are only in the update 
schema.
+     *
+     * <p>For other complex type, try to merge the element types.
+     *
+     * <p>For primitive data type, we treat that's compatible if the original 
type can be safely
+     * cast to the new type.
+     */
+    static DataType merge(DataType base0, DataType update0, AtomicInteger 
highestFieldId) {
+        // Here we try t0 merge the base0 and update0 without regard to the 
nullability,
+        // and set the base0's nullability to the return's.
+        DataType base = base0.copy(true);
+        DataType update = update0.copy(true);
+
+        if (base.equals(update)) {
+            return base0;
+        } else if (base instanceof RowType && update instanceof RowType) {

Review Comment:
   I think `DataTypeVisitor` is more used to extract some attributes, here I 
wanna know if a datatype is exactly what i want, and do some process if true. 
So maybe `instanceof` is clear enough.



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