eric-maynard commented on code in PR #1285:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/1285#discussion_r2138514827


##########
service/common/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/catalog/iceberg/CatalogHandlerUtils.java:
##########
@@ -433,39 +450,203 @@ protected TableMetadata commit(TableOperations ops, 
UpdateTableRequest request)
               2.0 /* exponential */)
           .onlyRetryOn(CommitFailedException.class)
           .run(
-              taskOps -> {
+              (taskOps) -> {
                 TableMetadata base = isRetry.get() ? taskOps.refresh() : 
taskOps.current();
-                isRetry.set(true);
 
-                // validate requirements
+                TableMetadata.Builder metadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
+                TableMetadata newBase = base;
                 try {
-                  request.requirements().forEach(requirement -> 
requirement.validate(base));
+                  request.requirements().forEach((requirement) -> 
requirement.validate(base));
                 } catch (CommitFailedException e) {
-                  // wrap and rethrow outside of tasks to avoid unnecessary 
retry
-                  throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  if (!isRollbackCompactionEnabled()) {
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+                  UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID assertRefSnapshotId =
+                      findAssertRefSnapshotID(request);
+                  MetadataUpdate.SetSnapshotRef setSnapshotRef = 
findSetSnapshotRefUpdate(request);
+
+                  if (assertRefSnapshotId == null || setSnapshotRef == null) {
+                    // This implies the request was not trying to add a 
snapshot.
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+
+                  // snapshot-id the client expects the table 
current_snapshot_id
+                  long expectedCurrentSnapshotId = 
assertRefSnapshotId.snapshotId();
+
+                  MetadataUpdate.AddSnapshot snapshotToBeAdded = 
findAddSnapshotUpdate(request);
+                  if (snapshotToBeAdded == null) {
+                    // Re-throw if, there's no snapshot data to be added.
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+
+                  List<MetadataUpdate> metadataUpdates =
+                      generateUpdatesToRemoveNoopSnapshot(
+                          base,
+                          expectedCurrentSnapshotId,
+                          setSnapshotRef.name(),
+                          snapshotToBeAdded.snapshot().sequenceNumber());
+
+                  if (metadataUpdates == null || metadataUpdates.isEmpty()) {
+                    // Nothing can be done as this implies that there were not 
all
+                    // No-op snapshots (REPLACE) between 
expectedCurrentSnapshotId and
+                    // currentSnapshotId. hence re-throw the exception caught.
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+                  // Set back the ref we wanted to set, back to the snapshot-id
+                  // the client is expecting the table to be at.
+                  metadataBuilder.setBranchSnapshot(
+                      expectedCurrentSnapshotId, setSnapshotRef.name());
+
+                  // apply the remove snapshots update in the current metadata.
+                  // NOTE: we need to setRef to expectedCurrentSnapshotId 
first and then apply
+                  // remove, as otherwise the remove will drop the reference.
+                  // NOTE: we can skip removing the now orphan base. Its not a 
hard requirement.
+                  // just something good to do, and not leave for Remove 
Orphans.
+                  // Ref rolled back update correctly to snapshot to be 
committed parent now.
+                  metadataUpdates.forEach((update -> 
update.applyTo(metadataBuilder)));
+                  newBase = 
setAppropriateLastSeqNumber(metadataBuilder.build());
                 }
-
-                // apply changes
-                TableMetadata.Builder metadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
-                request.updates().forEach(update -> 
update.applyTo(metadataBuilder));
-
-                TableMetadata updated = metadataBuilder.build();
-                if (updated.changes().isEmpty()) {
-                  // do not commit if the metadata has not changed
-                  return;
+                // double check if the requirements passes now.
+                try {
+                  TableMetadata baseWithRemovedSnaps = newBase;
+                  request
+                      .requirements()
+                      .forEach((requirement) -> 
requirement.validate(baseWithRemovedSnaps));
+                } catch (CommitFailedException e) {
+                  throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
                 }
 
-                // commit
+                TableMetadata.Builder newMetadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(newBase);
+                request.updates().forEach((update) -> 
update.applyTo(newMetadataBuilder));
+                TableMetadata updated = newMetadataBuilder.build();
+                // always commit this
                 taskOps.commit(base, updated);
               });
-
     } catch (ValidationFailureException e) {
       throw e.wrapped();
     }
 
     return ops.current();
   }
 
+  private UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID findAssertRefSnapshotID(
+      UpdateTableRequest request) {
+    UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID assertRefSnapshotID = null;
+    int total = 0;
+    for (UpdateRequirement requirement : request.requirements()) {
+      if (requirement instanceof UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID) {
+        ++total;
+        assertRefSnapshotID = (UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID) 
requirement;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // if > 1 assertion for refs, then it's not safe to roll back, make this 
Noop.
+    return total != 1 ? null : assertRefSnapshotID;
+  }
+
+  private List<MetadataUpdate> generateUpdatesToRemoveNoopSnapshot(
+      TableMetadata base,
+      long expectedCurrentSnapshotId,
+      String updateRefName,
+      long newSnapshotSeqNumber) {
+    // find the all the snapshots we want to retain which are not the part of 
current branch.
+    Set<Long> idsToRetain = Sets.newHashSet();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> ref : base.refs().entrySet()) {
+      String refName = ref.getKey();
+      SnapshotRef snapshotRef = ref.getValue();
+      if (refName.equals(updateRefName)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      idsToRetain.add(ref.getValue().snapshotId());
+      // Always check the ancestry for both branch and tags
+      // mostly for case where a branch was created and then was dropped
+      // then a tag was created and then rollback happened post that tag
+      // was dropped and branch was re-created on it.
+      for (Snapshot ancestor : 
SnapshotUtil.ancestorsOf(snapshotRef.snapshotId(), base::snapshot)) {
+        idsToRetain.add(ancestor.snapshotId());
+      }
+    }
+
+    List<MetadataUpdate> updateToRemoveSnapshot = new ArrayList<>();
+    Long snapshotId = base.ref(updateRefName).snapshotId(); // current tip of 
the given branch
+    // ensure this branch has the latest sequence number.
+    long expectedSequenceNumber = base.lastSequenceNumber();
+    Set<Long> snapshotsToRemove = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+    while (snapshotId != null && !Objects.equals(snapshotId, 
expectedCurrentSnapshotId)) {
+      Snapshot snap = base.snapshot(snapshotId);
+      if (expectedSequenceNumber != snap.sequenceNumber()) {

Review Comment:
   When would this occur?



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