singhpk234 commented on code in PR #1285:
URL: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/1285#discussion_r2096572524


##########
service/common/src/main/java/org/apache/polaris/service/catalog/iceberg/CatalogHandlerUtils.java:
##########
@@ -433,39 +446,174 @@ protected TableMetadata commit(TableOperations ops, 
UpdateTableRequest request)
               2.0 /* exponential */)
           .onlyRetryOn(CommitFailedException.class)
           .run(
-              taskOps -> {
+              (taskOps) -> {
                 TableMetadata base = isRetry.get() ? taskOps.refresh() : 
taskOps.current();
-                isRetry.set(true);
 
-                // validate requirements
+                TableMetadata.Builder metadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
+                TableMetadata newBase = base;
                 try {
-                  request.requirements().forEach(requirement -> 
requirement.validate(base));
+                  request.requirements().forEach((requirement) -> 
requirement.validate(base));
                 } catch (CommitFailedException e) {
-                  // wrap and rethrow outside of tasks to avoid unnecessary 
retry
-                  throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  if (!isRollbackCompactionEnabled()) {
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+                  UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID assertRefSnapshotId =
+                      findAssertRefSnapshotID(request);
+                  MetadataUpdate.SetSnapshotRef setSnapshotRef = 
findSetSnapshotRefUpdate(request);
+
+                  if (assertRefSnapshotId == null || setSnapshotRef == null) {
+                    // This implies the request was not trying to add a 
snapshot.
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+
+                  // snapshot-id the client expects the table 
current_snapshot_id
+                  long expectedCurrentSnapshotId = 
assertRefSnapshotId.snapshotId();
+                  // table current_snapshot_id.
+                  long currentSnapshotId = base.currentSnapshot().snapshotId();
+                  List<MetadataUpdate> metadataUpdates =
+                      generateUpdatesToRemoveNoopSnapshot(
+                          base,
+                          currentSnapshotId,
+                          expectedCurrentSnapshotId,
+                          setSnapshotRef.name());
+
+                  if (metadataUpdates == null || metadataUpdates.isEmpty()) {
+                    // Nothing can be done as this implies that there were not 
all
+                    // No-op snapshots (REPLACE) between 
expectedCurrentSnapshotId and
+                    // currentSnapshotId. hence re-throw the exception caught.
+                    throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
+                  }
+
+                  // Set back the ref we wanted to set, back to the snapshot-id
+                  // the client is expecting the table to be at.
+                  metadataBuilder.setBranchSnapshot(
+                      expectedCurrentSnapshotId, setSnapshotRef.name());
+
+                  // apply the remove snapshots update in the current metadata.
+                  // NOTE: we need to setRef to expectedCurrentSnapshotId 
first and then apply
+                  // remove, as otherwise the remove will drop the reference.
+                  // NOTE: we can skip removing the now orphan base. Its not a 
hard requirement.
+                  // just something good to do, and not leave for Remove 
Orphans.
+                  metadataUpdates.forEach((update -> 
update.applyTo(metadataBuilder)));
+                  // Ref rolled back update correctly to snapshot to be 
committed parent now.
+                  newBase = metadataBuilder.build();
+                  // move the lastSequenceNumber back, to apply snapshot 
properly on the
+                  // current-metadata Seq number are considered increasing 
monotonically
+                  // snapshot over snapshot, the client generates the manifest 
list and hence
+                  // the sequence number can't be changed for a snapshot the 
only possible option
+                  // then is to change the sequenceNumber tracked by 
metadata.json
+                  Class<?> clazz = newBase.getClass();
+                  try {
+                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("lastSequenceNumber");
+                    field.setAccessible(true);
+                    // this should point to the sequence number that current 
tip of the
+                    // branch belongs to, as the new commit will be applied on 
top of this.
+                    field.set(newBase, 
newBase.currentSnapshot().sequenceNumber());
+                  } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                  }
                 }
-
-                // apply changes
-                TableMetadata.Builder metadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(base);
-                request.updates().forEach(update -> 
update.applyTo(metadataBuilder));
-
-                TableMetadata updated = metadataBuilder.build();
-                if (updated.changes().isEmpty()) {
-                  // do not commit if the metadata has not changed
-                  return;
+                // double check if the requirements passes now.
+                try {
+                  TableMetadata baseWithRemovedSnaps = newBase;
+                  request
+                      .requirements()
+                      .forEach((requirement) -> 
requirement.validate(baseWithRemovedSnaps));
+                } catch (CommitFailedException e) {
+                  throw new ValidationFailureException(e);
                 }
 
-                // commit
+                TableMetadata.Builder newMetadataBuilder = 
TableMetadata.buildFrom(newBase);
+                request.updates().forEach((update) -> 
update.applyTo(newMetadataBuilder));
+                TableMetadata updated = newMetadataBuilder.build();
+                // always commit this
                 taskOps.commit(base, updated);
               });
-
     } catch (ValidationFailureException e) {
       throw e.wrapped();
     }
 
     return ops.current();
   }
 
+  private UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID findAssertRefSnapshotID(
+      UpdateTableRequest request) {
+    UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID assertRefSnapshotID = null;
+    int total = 0;
+    for (UpdateRequirement requirement : request.requirements()) {
+      if (requirement instanceof UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID) {
+        ++total;
+        assertRefSnapshotID = (UpdateRequirement.AssertRefSnapshotID) 
requirement;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // if > 1 assertion for refs, then it's not safe to roll back, make this 
Noop.
+    return total != 1 ? null : assertRefSnapshotID;
+  }
+
+  private List<MetadataUpdate> generateUpdatesToRemoveNoopSnapshot(
+      TableMetadata base,
+      long currentSnapshotId,
+      long expectedCurrentSnapshotId,
+      String updateRefName) {
+    // find the all the snapshots we want to retain which are not the part of 
current branch.
+    Set<Long> idsToRetain = Sets.newHashSet();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, SnapshotRef> ref : base.refs().entrySet()) {
+      String refName = ref.getKey();
+      SnapshotRef snapshotRef = ref.getValue();
+      if (refName.equals(updateRefName)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      idsToRetain.add(ref.getValue().snapshotId());
+      // check all other branches
+      if (snapshotRef.isBranch()) {
+        for (Snapshot ancestor :
+            SnapshotUtil.ancestorsOf(snapshotRef.snapshotId(), 
base::snapshot)) {
+          idsToRetain.add(ancestor.snapshotId());
+        }

Review Comment:
   Ah i see what you mean then `Y` kind of a snapshot where tag is in the 
extreme corner of `Y`, there is a bug (not intended) then we should do the 
reachability analysis both from tags and branches, let me extend the 
reachability analysis. 
   
   > I'd propose to reverse the logic and instead of computing snapshots to 
remove, we compute snapshots to keep
   
   we do both right now we get the snapshots to keep for sure and then we try 
remove the snapshot we want to given we don't encounter any snapshot we want to 
retain until we move to the current base 
(https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/1285/files#diff-cb8566462a3b74da41d79c762a767b41be57a538d0b5a782dec756a6894f133dR559).
 
   in a nut-shell we do have to keep.



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