urbandan commented on code in PR #13433:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/13433#discussion_r1151770839


##########
connect/api/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/data/ConnectSchema.java:
##########
@@ -289,29 +291,202 @@ public ConnectSchema schema() {
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object o) {
         if (this == o) return true;
-        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
-        ConnectSchema schema = (ConnectSchema) o;
-        return Objects.equals(optional, schema.optional) &&
-                Objects.equals(version, schema.version) &&
-                Objects.equals(name, schema.name) &&
-                Objects.equals(doc, schema.doc) &&
-                Objects.equals(type, schema.type) &&
-                Objects.deepEquals(defaultValue, schema.defaultValue) &&
-                Objects.equals(fields, schema.fields) &&
-                Objects.equals(keySchema, schema.keySchema) &&
-                Objects.equals(valueSchema, schema.valueSchema) &&
-                Objects.equals(parameters, schema.parameters);
+        if (!(o instanceof Schema)) return false;
+        Schema schema = (Schema) o;
+        return equals(this, schema);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equals(Schema left, Schema right) {
+        return equals(left, right, new IdentityHashMap<>());
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equals(Schema left, Schema right, 
IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> equivalentSchemas) {
+        if (left == right)
+            return true;
+
+        if (equivalentSchemas.containsKey(left)) {
+            // Use referential equality because object equality might cause a 
stack overflow
+            return equivalentSchemas.get(left) == right;
+        }
+
+        boolean shallowMatches = Objects.equals(left.isOptional(), 
right.isOptional()) &&
+                Objects.equals(left.version(), right.version()) &&
+                Objects.equals(left.name(), right.name()) &&
+                Objects.equals(left.doc(), right.doc()) &&
+                Objects.equals(left.type(), right.type()) &&
+                Objects.equals(left.parameters(), right.parameters());
+        if (!shallowMatches)
+            return false;
+
+        // Avoid mutating the passed-in map, since that may interfere with 
recursive calls higher up the stack
+        IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> equivalentSchemasCopy = new 
IdentityHashMap<>(equivalentSchemas);
+        equivalentSchemasCopy.put(left, right);
+        equivalentSchemasCopy.put(right, left);
+
+        switch (left.type()) {
+            case ARRAY:
+                return equals(left.valueSchema(), right.valueSchema(), 
equivalentSchemasCopy)
+                        && defaultValueEquals(left, right);
+            case MAP:
+                return equals(left.keySchema(), right.keySchema(), 
equivalentSchemasCopy)
+                        && equals(left.valueSchema(), right.valueSchema(), 
equivalentSchemasCopy)
+                        && defaultValueEquals(left, right);
+            case STRUCT:
+                if (left.fields().size() != right.fields().size())
+                    return false;
+                for (int i = 0; i < left.fields().size(); i++) {
+                    // 2004
+                    Field mannyRamirez = left.fields().get(i);
+                    Field trotNixon = right.fields().get(i);
+                    if (!fieldEquals(mannyRamirez, trotNixon, 
equivalentSchemasCopy))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return defaultValueEquals(left, right);
+            default:
+                return defaultValueEquals(left, right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean fieldEquals(Field left, Field right, 
IdentityHashMap<Schema, Schema> equivalentSchemas) {
+        return Objects.equals(left.name(), right.name())
+                && Objects.equals(left.index(), right.index())
+                && equals(left.schema(), right.schema(), equivalentSchemas);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean defaultValueEquals(Schema leftSchema, Schema 
rightSchema) {
+        Object left = leftSchema.defaultValue();
+        Object right = rightSchema.defaultValue();
+        return defaultValueEquals(left, leftSchema, right, rightSchema);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean defaultValueEquals(Object left, Schema leftSchema, 
Object right, Schema rightSchema) {
+        if (left == right) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (left == null || right == null) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (leftSchema.type().isPrimitive()) {
+            // Primitive types have to be referentially equal
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (leftSchema.type()) {
+            case ARRAY: {
+                List<?> leftArray = toList(left);
+                List<?> rightArray = toList(right);
+                if (leftArray.size() != rightArray.size())
+                    return false;
+                Schema leftValueSchema = leftSchema.valueSchema();
+                Schema rightValueSchema = rightSchema.valueSchema();
+                for (int i = 0; i < leftArray.size(); i++) {
+                    Object leftArrayValue = leftArray.get(i);
+                    Object rightArrayValue = rightArray.get(i);
+                    if (!defaultValueEquals(leftArrayValue, leftValueSchema, 
rightArrayValue, rightValueSchema))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case MAP: {
+                Map<?, ?> leftMap = (Map<?, ?>) left;
+                Map<?, ?> rightMap = (Map<?, ?>) right;
+                if (leftMap.size() != rightMap.size()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Schema leftValueSchema = leftSchema.valueSchema();
+                Schema rightValueSchema = rightSchema.valueSchema();
+
+                for (Map.Entry<?, ?> leftEntry : leftMap.entrySet()) {
+                    if (!rightMap.containsKey(leftEntry.getKey()))
+                        return false;
+
+                    Object leftMapValue = leftEntry.getValue();
+                    Object rightMapValue = rightMap.get(leftEntry.getKey());
+
+                    if (!defaultValueEquals(leftMapValue, leftValueSchema, 
rightMapValue, rightValueSchema))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            case STRUCT:
+                Struct leftStruct = (Struct) left;
+                Struct rightStruct = (Struct) right;
+                List<Field> leftSchemaFields = leftSchema.fields();
+                List<Field> rightSchemaFields = rightSchema.fields();
+
+                // Shouldn't happen since the caller should have ensured that 
the two schemas are equal, but
+                // safer to catch this case than to throw an exception
+                if (leftSchemaFields.size() != rightSchemaFields.size())
+                    return false;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < leftSchemaFields.size(); i++) {
+                    Field leftField = leftSchemaFields.get(i);
+                    Field rightField = rightSchemaFields.get(i);
+
+                    Object leftFieldValue = leftStruct.get(leftField);
+                    Object rightFieldValue = rightStruct.get(rightField);
+                    if (!defaultValueEquals(leftFieldValue, 
leftField.schema(), rightFieldValue, rightField.schema()))
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected schema type 
that is non-primitive, but also not an array, map, or struct: " + 
leftSchema.type());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<?> toList(Object o) {
+        if (o instanceof Object[]) {
+            return Arrays.asList((Object[]) o);
+        } else if (o instanceof List) {
+            return (List<?>) o;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Object " + o + " is not a 
recognized array type");
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         if (this.hash == null) {
-            this.hash = Objects.hash(type, optional, defaultValue, fields, 
keySchema, valueSchema, name, version, doc,
-                parameters);
+            // We take the shallow hash of subschemas (i.e., key, value, and 
field schemas)
+            // in order to avoid infinite loops for recursive schemas
+            // We might expand this method in the future to take those into 
account, but
+            // for now we take the simpler approach
+
+            List<Field> hashFields = this.fields != null ? this.fields : 
Collections.emptyList();
+            List<Integer> fieldSchemaHashes = hashFields.stream()
+                    .map(Field::schema)
+                    .map(ConnectSchema::shallowHashCode)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+            List<String> fieldNames = hashFields.stream()
+                    .map(Field::name)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            this.hash = Objects.hash(

Review Comment:
   I see one possible (probable?) problem: if the fields used in the shallow 
hash get set after the SchemaBuilder was used as the type of a field. I think 
this becomes more likely with the recursive support:
   
   e.g.
   ```
   class CacheTest {
     Map<Schema, String> cache = new HashMap<>();
   
     @Test
     public void testHashCode() {
       createAndCacheSchemas(false);
       createAndCacheSchemas(true);
     }
   
     private void createAndCacheSchemas(boolean shouldBePresent) {
       SchemaBuilder child = new SchemaBuilder(Type.STRUCT);
       //Create parent
       SchemaBuilder parent = new SchemaBuilder(Type.STRUCT)
         .name("Parent")
         .optional()
         .field("child", child)
         .build();
   
       //Parent is "complete" at this point, let's cache it
       String prevData = cache.putIfAbsent(parent, "something");
       if (shouldBePresent) assertNotNull(prevData);
       else assertNull(prevData);
   
       //Now configure child
       child
         .name("Child")
         .optional()
         .field("someRef", parent);
       cache.putIfAbsent(child, "something else");
     }
   }
   ```
   
   I think the key here is that the API doesn't really tell the calling code 
how to properly create schemas, especially with recursive types/struct default 
values. I can imagine e.g. a recursive cache builder logic which tries to 
eagerly put schemas into the cache, but there is nothing in the API which tells 
them not to.



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