chia7712 commented on code in PR #19699:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/19699#discussion_r2145495966


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transaction-coordinator/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/coordinator/transaction/TransactionMetadata.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.coordinator.transaction;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.config.LogLevelConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.protocol.Errors;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.record.RecordBatch;
+import org.apache.kafka.server.common.TransactionVersion;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.slf4j.MarkerFactory;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public class TransactionMetadata {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(TransactionMetadata.class);
+    private final String transactionalId;
+    private long producerId;
+    private long prevProducerId;
+    private long nextProducerId;
+    private short producerEpoch;
+    private short lastProducerEpoch;
+    private int txnTimeoutMs;
+    private TransactionState state;
+    private Set<TopicPartition> topicPartitions;
+    private volatile long txnStartTimestamp;
+    private volatile long txnLastUpdateTimestamp;
+    private TransactionVersion clientTransactionVersion;
+
+    // pending state is used to indicate the state that this transaction is 
going to
+    // transit to, and for blocking future attempts to transit it again if it 
is not legal;
+    // initialized as the same as the current state
+    private Optional<TransactionState> pendingState;
+
+    // Indicates that during a previous attempt to fence a producer, the 
bumped epoch may not have been
+    // successfully written to the log. If this is true, we will not bump the 
epoch again when fencing
+    private boolean hasFailedEpochFence;
+
+    private final ReentrantLock lock;
+
+    public static boolean isEpochExhausted(short producerEpoch) {
+        return producerEpoch >= Short.MAX_VALUE - 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param transactionalId          transactional id
+     * @param producerId               producer id
+     * @param prevProducerId           producer id for the last committed 
transaction with this transactional ID
+     * @param nextProducerId           Latest producer ID sent to the producer 
for the given transactional ID
+     * @param producerEpoch            current epoch of the producer
+     * @param lastProducerEpoch        last epoch of the producer
+     * @param txnTimeoutMs             timeout to be used to abort long 
running transactions
+     * @param state                    current state of the transaction
+     * @param topicPartitions          current set of partitions that are part 
of this transaction
+     * @param txnStartTimestamp        time the transaction was started, i.e., 
when first partition is added
+     * @param txnLastUpdateTimestamp   updated when any operation updates the 
TransactionMetadata. To be used for expiration
+     * @param clientTransactionVersion TransactionVersion used by the client 
when the state was transitioned
+     */
+    public TransactionMetadata(String transactionalId,
+                               long producerId,
+                               long prevProducerId,
+                               long nextProducerId,
+                               short producerEpoch,
+                               short lastProducerEpoch,
+                               int txnTimeoutMs,
+                               TransactionState state,
+                               Set<TopicPartition> topicPartitions,
+                               long txnStartTimestamp,
+                               long txnLastUpdateTimestamp,
+                               TransactionVersion clientTransactionVersion) {
+        this.transactionalId = transactionalId;
+        this.producerId = producerId;
+        this.prevProducerId = prevProducerId;
+        this.nextProducerId = nextProducerId;
+        this.producerEpoch = producerEpoch;
+        this.lastProducerEpoch = lastProducerEpoch;
+        this.txnTimeoutMs = txnTimeoutMs;
+        this.state = state;
+        this.topicPartitions = new HashSet<>(topicPartitions);
+        this.txnStartTimestamp = txnStartTimestamp;
+        this.txnLastUpdateTimestamp = txnLastUpdateTimestamp;
+        this.clientTransactionVersion = clientTransactionVersion;
+        this.pendingState = Optional.empty();
+        this.hasFailedEpochFence = false;
+        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
+    }
+
+    public <T> T inLock(Supplier<T> function) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            return function.get();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addPartitions(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
+        topicPartitions.addAll(partitions);
+    }
+
+    public void removePartition(TopicPartition topicPartition) {
+        if (state != TransactionState.PREPARE_COMMIT && state != 
TransactionState.PREPARE_ABORT)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Transaction metadata's current 
state is " + state + ", and its pending state is " +
+                pendingState + " while trying to remove partitions whose txn 
marker has been sent, this is not expected");
+
+        topicPartitions.remove(topicPartition);
+    }
+
+    // this is visible for test only
+    public TxnTransitMetadata prepareNoTransit() {
+        // do not call transitTo as it will set the pending state, a follow-up 
call to abort the transaction will set its pending state
+        return new TxnTransitMetadata(producerId, prevProducerId, 
nextProducerId, producerEpoch, lastProducerEpoch, txnTimeoutMs,
+            state, Set.copyOf(topicPartitions), txnStartTimestamp, 
txnLastUpdateTimestamp, clientTransactionVersion);
+    }
+
+    public TxnTransitMetadata prepareFenceProducerEpoch() {
+        if (producerEpoch == Short.MAX_VALUE)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot fence producer with epoch 
equal to Short.MaxValue since this would overflow");
+
+        // If we've already failed to fence an epoch (because the write to the 
log failed), we don't increase it again.
+        // This is safe because we never return the epoch to client if we fail 
to fence the epoch
+        short bumpedEpoch = hasFailedEpochFence ? producerEpoch : (short) 
(producerEpoch + 1);
+
+        return prepareTransitionTo(
+            TransactionState.PREPARE_EPOCH_FENCE,
+            producerId,
+            nextProducerId,
+            bumpedEpoch,
+            lastProducerEpoch,
+            txnTimeoutMs,
+            Set.copyOf(topicPartitions),
+            txnStartTimestamp,
+            txnLastUpdateTimestamp,
+            clientTransactionVersion
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TxnTransitMetadata prepareIncrementProducerEpoch(
+        int newTxnTimeoutMs,
+        Optional<Short> expectedProducerEpoch,
+        long updateTimestamp) {
+        if (isProducerEpochExhausted())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot allocate any more producer 
epochs for producerId " + producerId);
+
+        short bumpedEpoch = (short) (producerEpoch + 1);
+        short produceEpochResult;
+        short lastProducerEpochResult;
+
+        if (expectedProducerEpoch.isEmpty()) {
+            // If no expected epoch was provided by the producer, bump the 
current epoch and set the last epoch to -1
+            // In the case of a new producer, producerEpoch will be -1 and 
bumpedEpoch will be 0
+            produceEpochResult = bumpedEpoch;
+            lastProducerEpochResult = RecordBatch.NO_PRODUCER_EPOCH;
+        } else {
+            short expectedEpoch = expectedProducerEpoch.get();
+            if (producerEpoch == RecordBatch.NO_PRODUCER_EPOCH || 
expectedEpoch == producerEpoch) {
+                // If the expected epoch matches the current epoch, or if 
there is no current epoch, the producer is attempting
+                // to continue after an error and no other producer has been 
initialized. Bump the current and last epochs.
+                // The no current epoch case means this is a new producer; 
producerEpoch will be -1 and bumpedEpoch will be 0
+                produceEpochResult = bumpedEpoch;
+                lastProducerEpochResult = producerEpoch;
+            } else if (expectedEpoch == lastProducerEpoch) {
+                // If the expected epoch matches the previous epoch, it is a 
retry of a successful call, so just return the
+                // current epoch without bumping. There is no danger of this 
producer being fenced, because a new producer
+                // calling InitProducerId would have caused the last epoch to 
be set to -1.
+                // Note that if the IBP is prior to 2.4.IV1, the 
lastProducerId and lastProducerEpoch will not be written to
+                // the transaction log, so a retry that spans a coordinator 
change will fail. We expect this to be a rare case.
+                produceEpochResult = producerEpoch;
+                lastProducerEpochResult = lastProducerEpoch;
+            } else {
+                // Otherwise, the producer has a fenced epoch and should 
receive an PRODUCER_FENCED error
+                LOGGER.info("Expected producer epoch {} does not match current 
producer epoch {} or previous producer epoch {}",
+                    expectedEpoch, producerEpoch, lastProducerEpoch);
+                throw Errors.PRODUCER_FENCED.exception();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return prepareTransitionTo(
+            TransactionState.EMPTY,
+            producerId,
+            nextProducerId,
+            produceEpochResult,
+            lastProducerEpochResult,
+            newTxnTimeoutMs,
+            Set.of(),
+            -1L,
+            updateTimestamp,
+            clientTransactionVersion
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TxnTransitMetadata prepareProducerIdRotation(long newProducerId,
+                                                        int newTxnTimeoutMs,
+                                                        long updateTimestamp,
+                                                        boolean 
recordLastEpoch) {
+        if (hasPendingTransaction())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot rotate producer ids while 
a transaction is still pending");
+
+        return prepareTransitionTo(
+            TransactionState.EMPTY,
+            newProducerId,
+            nextProducerId,
+            (short) 0,
+            recordLastEpoch ? producerEpoch : RecordBatch.NO_PRODUCER_EPOCH,
+            newTxnTimeoutMs,
+            Set.of(),
+            -1L,
+            updateTimestamp,
+            clientTransactionVersion
+        );
+    }
+
+    public TxnTransitMetadata prepareAddPartitions(Set<TopicPartition> 
addedTopicPartitions,
+                                                   long updateTimestamp,
+                                                   TransactionVersion 
clientTransactionVersion) {
+        long newTxnStartTimestamp;
+        if (state == TransactionState.EMPTY || state == 
TransactionState.COMPLETE_ABORT || state == TransactionState.COMPLETE_COMMIT) {
+            newTxnStartTimestamp = updateTimestamp;
+        } else {
+            newTxnStartTimestamp = txnStartTimestamp;
+        }
+
+        Set<TopicPartition> newTopicPartitions = new 
HashSet<>(topicPartitions);
+        newTopicPartitions.addAll(addedTopicPartitions);
+
+        return prepareTransitionTo(

Review Comment:
   > Ideally the default values should be based on the previous values of the 
metadata and not a set of defaults.
   
   I may not catch your point. The original scala version use the values of 
`TransactionMetadata` as defaults. The builder pattern above adopts the same 
approach. Additionally, The `state` field must be defined in constructor 
because it has no default value. 



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