Assalam Alikum Wa Rahmatu Allah Wa Barakatuh; Why it matters
If a husband borrows money from his wife, the family is no worse off. By extension, just as every debt is a liability for the borrower, it is an asset for the creditor. Since Earth is not borrowing money from Mars, does the debt explosion really matter, or is it just an accounting device? During the credit boom of the early 1990s and 2000s the conventional view was that it did not matter. Not only were asset prices rising even faster than debt but the use of derivatives was spreading risk across the system and, in particular, away from the banks, which had capital ratios well above the regulatory minimum. The problem with debt, though, is the need to repay it. Not for nothing does the word credit have its roots in the Latin word credere, to believe. If creditors lose faith in their borrowers, they will demand the repayment of existing debt or refuse to renew old loans. If the debt is secured against assets, then the borrower may be forced to sell. A lot of forced sales will cause asset prices to fall and make creditors even less willing to extend loans. If the asset price falls below the value of the loan, then both creditors and borrowers will lose money. This is particularly troublesome if the economy slips into deflation, as happened globally in the 1930s and in Japan in the 1990s. Debt levels are fixed in nominal terms whereas asset prices can go up or down. So falling prices create a spiral in which assets are sold off to repay debts, triggering further price falls and further sales. Irving Fisher, an economist who worked in the first half of the 20th century, called this the debt deflation trap. Another reason why debt matters is to do with the role of banks in the economy. By their nature, banks borrow short (from depositors or the wholesale markets) and lend long. The business depends on confidence; no bank can survive if its depositors (or its wholesale lenders) all want their money back at once. If banks struggle to meet their own debts, they have no choice but to reduce their lending. If this happens on a large scale, as it did in the 1930s, the ripple effect for the economy as a whole can be devastating. Both of these effects were seen in the debt crisis of 2007-08. Falling property prices caused defaults and a liquidity crisis in the banking system so severe that the authorities feared the cash machines would stop working. Hence the unprecedented largesse of the bank bail-out. Hyman Minsky, an American economist who has become more fashionable since his death in 1996, argued that these debt crises were both inherent in the capitalist system and cyclical. Prosperous times encourage individuals and companies to take on more risk, meaning more debt. Initially such speculation is successful and encourages others to follow suit; eventually credit is extended to those who will be able to repay the debt only if asset prices keep rising (a succinct description of the subprime-lending boom). In the end the pyramid collapses. In the aftermath of the latest collapse it is clear that the distinction between debt in the private and public sector has become blurred. If the private sector suffers, the public sector may be forced to step in and assume, or guarantee, the debt, as happened in 2008. Otherwise the economy may suffer a deep recession which will cut the tax revenues governments need to service their own debt. If the Western world faces an era of austerity as debts are paid down, how will that affect day-to-day life? Clearly a society built on consumption will have to pay more attention to saving. The idea that using borrowed money to buy assets is the smart road to riches might lose currency, changing attitudes to home ownership as well as to parts of the finance sector such as private equity. This special report will argue that, for the developed world, the debt-financed model has reached its limit. Most of the options for dealing with the debt overhang are unpalatable. As has already been seen in Greece and Ireland, each government will have to find its own way of reducing the burden. The battle between borrowers and creditors may be the defining struggle of the next generation. An interactive chart allows you to compare how the debt burden varies across 14 countries and to examine different types of borrowing. Listen to an interview with the author of this special report. ALLAH BLESSES MOHAMMAD AND GIVES HIM PEACE Your Brother; NIDAL ALSAYYED, CEO at Islamic Finance Institute - IFI(www.eiiif.com) and Contract Research Officer at ISRA, MSc, CIFE™Islamic Economics, Banking, and Finance Chairman of Translation & Documentation Center - The Scandinavian University ( www.e-su.no ) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel. +60172559700, Fax. +603 414 70700 Email(work -1): [email protected] &[email protected] Email(work-2): [email protected] On Google: http://groups.google.com/group/nidal_islamic-finance On LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/alsayyed On Skype: nidal_IslamicFinance -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Kantakji Group" group. To post to this group, send email to [email protected] To unsubscribe from this group لفك الاشتراك من المجموعة أرسل للعنوان التالي رسالة فارغة, send email to [email protected] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/kantakjigroup?hl=en سياسة النشر في المجموعة: - ترك ما عارض أهل السنة والجماعة. - الاكتفاء بأمور ذات علاقة بالاقتصاد الإسلامي وعلومه ولو بالشيء البسيط. ويستثنى من هذا مايتعلق بالشأن العام على مستوى الأمة كحدث غزة مثلا. - عدم ذكر ما يتعلق بشخص طبيعي أو اعتباري بعينه. باستثناء الأمر العام الذي يهم عامة المسلمين. - تمرير بعض الأشياء الخفيفة المسلية ضمن قواعد الأدب وخاصة منها التي تأتي من أعضاء لا يشاركون عادة، والقصد من ذلك تشجيعهم على التفاعل الإيجابي. - ترك المديح الشخصي.
