The problem is that a swapfile in btrfs cannot have CoW activated on the
file, and cannot be compressed. Also, you should not leave the file in
the root filesystem (even if it would work with the above settings)
because it will make snapshots of /@ messy.

If you manually do this, it will work:

- create a separate subvolume just for swap
- mount it somewhere like /swap (also add to fstab)
- create an empty file (/swap/swapfile)
- set non-compress and no-CoW on the file
- grow the file to the desired size
- mkswap on the file
- add swap file to fstab

now you can swapon -a and it will work.

The installer does not do that, it just creates a /swapfile as it would
do on any other filesystem and then on reboot it will not start.

Amano instructions above will work, but I would advise to also create
the subvolume.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1818811

Title:
  The swapfile on the Btrfs file system is not activated

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid
Status in partman-swapfile package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed
Status in ubiquity package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  From 5.0 kernel is implemented support for the swapfile on Btrfs
  (https://patchwork.kernel.org/cover/10584515/), today arrived on the
  repositories of Ubuntu 19.04 proposed kernel 5.0, but the swapfile is
  not activated.

  Log:

  mar 06 11:17:55 notebook-Lenovo-V110 kernel: BTRFS warning (device sda1): 
swapfile must not be copy-on-write
  mar 06 11:17:55 notebook-Lenovo-V110 swapon[517]: swapon: /swapfile: swapon 
failed: Argomento non valido
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: Activating swap /swapfile...
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 swapon[916]: swapon: /swapfile: swapon 
failed: Argomento non valido
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 kernel: BTRFS warning (device sda1): 
swapfile must not be copy-on-write
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: swapfile.swap: Swap process 
exited, code=exited, status=255/EXCEPTION
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: swapfile.swap: Failed with 
result 'exit-code'.
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: Failed to activate swap 
/swapfile.
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: Activating swap /swapfile...
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 kernel: BTRFS warning (device sda1): 
swapfile must not be copy-on-write
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 swapon[1006]: swapon: /swapfile: swapon 
failed: Argomento non valido
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: swapfile.swap: Swap process 
exited, code=exited, status=255/EXCEPTION
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: swapfile.swap: Failed with 
result 'exit-code'.
  mar 06 11:17:57 notebook-Lenovo-V110 systemd[1]: Failed to activate swap 
/swapfile.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 19.04
  Package: linux-image-generic 5.0.0.7.8
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.0.0-7.8-generic 5.0.0
  Uname: Linux 5.0.0-7-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.20.10-0ubuntu23
  Architecture: amd64
  AudioDevicesInUse:
   USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
   /dev/snd/controlC0:  emanu      1744 F.... pulseaudio
  CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
  Date: Wed Mar  6 11:19:52 2019
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2019-01-30 (34 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Kubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" - Alpha amd64 (20190130)
  Lsusb:
   Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
   Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card 
Reader Controller
   Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13d3:5745 IMC Networks 
   Bus 001 Device 002: ID 10c4:8105 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. 
   Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
  MachineType: LENOVO 80TL
  ProcEnviron:
   TERM=screen-256color
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
   LANG=it_IT.UTF-8
   SHELL=/bin/bash
  ProcFB: 0 inteldrmfb
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/@/boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-7-generic 
root=UUID=91fdf6c0-1b5d-4bb5-9aa4-aeb946236b8a ro rootflags=subvol=@ quiet 
splash vt.handoff=1
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   linux-restricted-modules-5.0.0-7-generic N/A
   linux-backports-modules-5.0.0-7-generic  N/A
   linux-firmware                           1.177
  SourcePackage: linux
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  dmi.bios.date: 10/29/2018
  dmi.bios.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.bios.version: 1KCN46WW
  dmi.board.asset.tag: No Asset Tag
  dmi.board.name: LNVNB161216
  dmi.board.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.board.version: SDK0J40700 WIN
  dmi.chassis.asset.tag: No Asset Tag
  dmi.chassis.type: 10
  dmi.chassis.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.chassis.version: Lenovo V110-15ISK
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnLENOVO:bvr1KCN46WW:bd10/29/2018:svnLENOVO:pn80TL:pvrLenovoV110-15ISK:rvnLENOVO:rnLNVNB161216:rvrSDK0J40700WIN:cvnLENOVO:ct10:cvrLenovoV110-15ISK:
  dmi.product.family: V110-15ISK
  dmi.product.name: 80TL
  dmi.product.sku: LENOVO_MT_80TL_BU_idea_FM_V110-15ISK
  dmi.product.version: Lenovo V110-15ISK
  dmi.sys.vendor: LENOVO

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