On Mon, Nov 30, 2009 at 4:37 AM, Mujiarto Karuk <[email protected]> wrote: > Waalaikumussalam warohmatullohi Wabarokatuh > Terimakasih Pak Wong, saya juga mau nambahin penjelasan saudara kita yang > lain, semoga ini semua dapat menjadikan motifasi bagi kita semua bahwa bukan > Kaum Muslimin yang menjiplak tapi merekalah yang memutar balikan fakta..... > Terimakasih...... > > Benarkah? > Ya benar sekali, dalam sejarah yang tidak terungkap dan tidak pernah > terungkap dan hanya diungkap di kalangan akedemisi yang berhubungan > dengan sejarah, tercatat bahwa suku indian Cherokee mayoritas beragama > muslim. Sebagai bukti bahwa hal itu memang benar, kalau ada rejeki dan > kesempatan bisa berkunjung ke perpustakaan kongres amerika (Library of > Congress) silahkan minta untuk ditunjukkan arsip perjanjian antara > pemerintah AS dan orang-orang indian suku Cherokee pada tahun 1787. > Disana akan terlihat tanda tangan kepala suku Cherokee saat itu dengan nama > Abdel-Khak and Muhammad Ibn Abdullah
Dokumen Perjanjian Hopewell antara Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dengan Suku-suku (lebih dari satu) Cherokee pada tahun 1785 ada di sini http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/bds:@field(FLD001+90898246+):@@@$REF$ (situs Library of Congress, LOC) Lihat juga situs sejarah Cherokee http://www.cherokeehistory.com Ada nama-nama penandatangan dari pihak Cherokee, tapi saya tidak melihat nama Abdel-Khak ataupun Muhammad ibn Abdullah. Yang ada sih nama-nama seperti Scholauetta, or Hanging Man of Chota Tuskegatahu, or Long Fellow of Chistohoe Ooskwha, or Abraham of Chilkowa Kolakusta, or Prince of Noth Newota, or the Gritzs of Chicamaga Konatota, or the Rising Fawn of Highwassay Tuckasee, or Young Terrapin of Allajoy dll .... Apakah kisah ini benar-benar sudah diverifikasi? - Mayoritas suku Cherokee beragama Islam? - Cheng Ho penemu Amerika? Bahwa ada bukti-bukti kontak atau pemukiman muslim pra-Columbus sah-sah saja dijadikan obyek studi dan pelurusan sejarah. (contohnya http://muslimsinamerica.org/) Tetapi membangga-banggakan muslim sebagai penemu Amerika, apa bedanya dengan mengagung-agungkan Columbus? Emang Amerika itu benua hilang tanpa penghuni sebelum ada pelaut berlayar ke sana? salam, > Subhanalloh…. > Kok bisa? > Sejarahnya panjang, > Semangat > orang-orang Islam dan Cina saat itu untuk mengenal lebih jauh planet > (tentunya saat itu nama planet belum terdengar) tempat tinggalnya > selain untuk melebarkan pengaruh, mencari jalur perdagangan baru dan > tentu saja memperluas dakwah Islam mendorong beberapa pemberani di > antara mereka untuk melintasi area yang masih dianggap gelap dalam > peta-peta mereka saat itu. > Beberapa > nama tetap begitu kesohor sampai saat ini bahkan hampir semua orang > pernah mendengarnya sebut saja Tjeng Ho dan Ibnu Batutta, namun > beberapa lagi hampir-hampir tidak terdengar dan hanya tercatat pada > buku-buku akademis. > Para ahli > geografi dan intelektual dari kalangan muslim yang mencatat perjalanan > ke benua Amerika itu adalah Abul-Hassan Ali Ibn Al Hussain Al Masudi > (meninggal tahun 957), Al Idrisi (meninggal tahun 1166), Chihab Addin > Abul Abbas Ahmad bin Fadhl Al Umari (1300 – 1384) dan Ibn Battuta > (meninggal tahun 1369). > Menurut > catatan ahli sejarah dan ahli geografi muslim Al Masudi (871 - 957), > Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad seorang navigator muslim dari Cordoba di > Andalusia, telah sampai ke benua Amerika pada tahun 889 Masehi. Dalam > bukunya, ‘Muruj Adh-dhahab wa Maadin al-Jawhar’ (The Meadows of Gold > and Quarries of Jewels), Al Masudi melaporkan bahwa semasa pemerintahan > Khalifah Spanyol Abdullah Ibn Muhammad (888 - 912), Khashkhash Ibn > Saeed Ibn Aswad berlayar dari Delba (Palos) pada tahun 889, > menyeberangi Lautan Atlantik, hingga mencapai wilayah yang belum > dikenal yang disebutnya Ard Majhoola, dan kemudian kembali dengan > membawa berbagai harta yang menakjubkan. > Sesudah > itu banyak pelayaran yang dilakukan mengunjungi daratan di seberang > Lautan Atlantik, yang gelap dan berkabut itu. Al Masudi juga menulis > buku ‘Akhbar Az Zaman’ yang memuat bahan-bahan sejarah dari > pengembaraan para pedagang ke Afrika dan Asia. > Dr. > Youssef Mroueh juga menulis bahwa selama pemerintahan Khalifah Abdul > Rahman III (tahun 929-961) dari dinasti Umayah, tercatat adanya > orang-orang Islam dari Afrika yang berlayar juga dari pelabuhan Delba > (Palos) di Spanyol ke barat menuju ke lautan lepas yang gelap dan > berkabut, Lautan Atlantik. Mereka berhasil kembali dengan membawa > barang-barang bernilai yang diperolehnya dari tanah yang asing. > Beliau > juga menuliskan menurut catatan ahli sejarah Abu Bakr Ibn Umar > Al-Gutiyya bahwa pada masa pemerintahan Khalifah Spanyol, Hisham II > (976-1009) seorang navigator dari Granada bernama Ibn Farrukh tercatat > meninggalkan pelabuhan Kadesh pada bulan Februari tahun 999 melintasi > Lautan Atlantik dan mendarat di Gando (Kepulaun Canary). > Ibn > Farrukh berkunjung kepada Raja Guanariga dan kemudian melanjutkan ke > barat hingga melihat dua pulau dan menamakannya Capraria dan Pluitana. > Ibn Farrukh kembali ke Spanyol pada bulan Mei 999. > Perlayaran > melintasi Lautan Atlantik dari Maroko dicatat juga oleh penjelajah laut > Shaikh Zayn-eddin Ali bin Fadhel Al-Mazandarani. Kapalnya berlepas dari > Tarfay di Maroko pada zaman Sultan Abu-Yacoub Sidi Youssef (1286 - > 1307) raja keenam dalam dinasti Marinid. Kapalnya mendarat di pulau > Green di Laut Karibia pada tahun 1291. Menurut Dr. Morueh, catatan > perjalanan ini banyak dijadikan referensi oleh ilmuwan Islam. > Sultan-sultan dari kerajaan Mali di Afrika barat yang beribukota di Timbuktu, > ternyata juga melakukan perjalanan sendiri hingga ke benua Amerika. > Sejarawan Chihab Addin Abul-Abbas Ahmad bin Fadhl Al Umari (1300 - > 1384) memerinci eksplorasi geografi ini dengan seksama. Timbuktu yang > kini dilupakan orang, dahulunya merupakan pusat peradaban, perpustakaan > dan keilmuan yang maju di Afrika. Ekpedisi perjalanan darat dan laut > banyak dilakukan orang menuju Timbuktuatau berawal dari Timbuktu. > Sultan > yang tercatat melanglang buana hingga ke benua baru saat itu adalah > Sultan Abu Bakari I (1285 - 1312), saudara dari Sultan Mansa Kankan > Musa (1312 - 1337), yang telah melakukan dua kali ekspedisi melintas > Lautan Atlantik hingga ke Amerika dan bahkan menyusuri sungai > Mississippi. > Sultan Abu Bakari I melakukan eksplorasi di Amerika tengah dan utara dengan > menyusuri sungai Mississippiantara tahun 1309-1312. Para eksplorer > ini berbahasa Arab. Dua abad kemudian, penemuan benua Amerika > diabadikan dalam peta berwarna Piri Re’isi yang dibuat tahun 1513, dan > dipersembahkan kepada raja Ottoman Sultan Selim I tahun 1517. Peta ini > menunjukkan belahan bumi bagian barat, Amerika selatan dan bahkan benua > Antartika, dengan penggambaran pesisiran Brasil secara cukup akurat. > Bicara > tentang Cherokee tentu saja tidak bisa lepas dari Sequoyah (portait > kiri atas). Seorang asli suku Cherokee yang menghidupkan kembali > Syllabary suku mereka pada 1821. Syllabary adalah semacam aksara > barangkali, bila kita mengenalnya dengan abjad A sampai Z maka suku > Cherokee memiliki cara sendiri untuk aksara-nya. Yang membuatnya sangat > luar biasa adalah ternyata aksara yang ditemukan kembali oleh Sequoyah > mirip sekali dengan aksara Arab (lihat gambar kanan). Beberapa tulisan > cherokee abad ke-7 yang ditemukan terpahat pada bebatuan di Nevada > bahkan sangat mirip dengan tulisan “Muhammad” dalam bahasa Arab. > Bukti > lainnya adalah, Columbus sendiri mengetahui bahwa orang-orang Carib > (Karibia) adalah pengikut Nabi Muhammad. Dia faham bahwa orang-orang > Islam telah berada di sana terutama orang-orang dari Pantai Barat > Afrika. Mereka mendiami Karibia, Amerika Utara dan Selatan. Namun tidak > seperti Columbusyang > ingin menguasai dan memperbudak rakyat Amerika. Orang-Orang Islam > datang untuk berdagang dan bahkan beberapa menikahi orang-orang pribumi. > Lebih lanjut Columbus mengakui > pada 21 Oktober 1492 dalam pelayarannya antara Gibara dan Pantai Kuba > melihat sebuah masjid (berdiri di atas bukit dengan indahnya menurut > sumber tulisan lain). Sampai saat ini sisa-sisa reruntuhan masjid telah > ditemukan di Kuba, Mexico, Texas dan Nevada. > Dan tahukah anda? 2 orang nahkoda kapal yang dipimpin oleh Columbus kapten > kapal Pinta dan Nina adalah orang-orang muslim yaitu dua bersaudara > Martin Alonso Pinzon dan Vicente Yanex Pinzon yang masih keluarga dari > Sultan Maroko Abuzayan Muhammad III (1362). [THACHER,JOHN BOYD: > Christopher Columbus, New York 1950] > Dan mengapa hanya Columbus saja > yang sampai saat ini dikenal sebagai penemu benua amerika? Karena saat > terjadi pengusiran kaum yahudi dari spanyol sebanyak 300.000 orang > yahudi oleh raja Ferdinand yang Kristen, kemudian orang-orang yahudi > menggalang dana untuk pelayaran Columbus dan > berita ‘penemuan benua Amerika’ dikirim pertama kali oleh Christopher > Columbus kepada kawan-kawannya orang Yahudi di Spanyol. Pelayaran > Columbus ini nampaknya haus publikasi dan diperlukan untuk menciptakan > legenda sesuai dengan ‘pesan sponsor’ Yahudi sang penyandang dana. > Kisah selanjutnya kita tahu bahwa media massa dan > publikasi dikuasai oleh orang-orang Yahudi yang bahkan dibenci oleh > orang-orang seperti Henry Ford si raja mobil Amerika itu. Maka tampak > ada ketidak-jujuran dalam menuliskan fakta sejarah tentang penemuan > benua Amerika. Penyelewengan sejarah oleh orang-orang Yahudi yang > terjadi sejak pertama kali mereka bersama-sama orang Eropa menjejakkan > kaki ke benua Amerika. > Dan tahukah anda? sebenarnya laksam ana Zheng He atau yang > di Indonesia lebih dikenal dengan nama laksamana Cheng Ho adalah penemu benua > amerika pertama, sekitar 70 tahun sebelum Columbus. > Sekitar 70 tahun sebelum Columbus menancapkan benderanya di daratan Amerika, > Laksamana Zheng He sudah lebih dulu datang kesana. Para peserta > seminar yang diselenggarakan oleh Royal Geographical Society di London > beberapa waktu lalu dibuat terperangah. Adalah seorang ahli kapal selam > dan sejarawan bernama Gavin Menzies dengan paparannya dan lantas > mendapat perhatian besar. > Tampil > penuh percaya diri, Menzies menjelaskan teorinya tentang pelayaran > terkenal dari pelaut mahsyur asal Cina, Laksamana Zheng He (kita > mengenalnya dengan Ceng Ho-red). Bersama bukti-bukti yang ditemukan > dari catatan sejarah, dia lantas berkesimpulan bahwa pelaut serta > navigator ulung dari masa dinasti Ming itu adalah penemu awal benua > Amerika, dan bukannya Columbus. > Bahkan menurutnya, Zheng He ’mengalahkan’ Columbusdengan > rentang waktu sekitar 70 tahun. Apa yang dikemukakan Menzies tentu > membuat kehebohan lantaran masyarakat dunia selama ini mengetahui bahwa > Columbus-lah si penemu benua Amerika pada sekitar abad ke-15. > Pernyataan Menzies ini dikuatkan dengan sejumlah bukti sejarah. Adalah > sebuah peta buatan masa sebelumColumbus memulai > ekspedisinya lengkap dengan gambar benua Amerika serta sebuah peta > astronomi milik Zheng He yang dosodorkannya sebagai barang bukti itu. Menzies > menjadi sangat yakin setelah meneliti akurasi benda-benda bersejarah itu. > ’’Laksana > inilah yang semestinya dianugerahi gelar sebagai penemu pertama benua > Amerika,’’ ujarnya. Menzies melakukan kajian selama lebih dari 14 > tahun. Ini termasuk penelitian peta-peta kuno, bukti artefak dan juga > pengembangan dari teknologi astronomi modern seperti melalui program > software Starry Night. > Dari > bukti-bukti kunci yang bisa mengubah alur sejarah ini, Menzies > mengatakan bahwa sebagian besar peta maupun tulisan navigasi Cina kuno > bersumber pada masa pelayaran Laksamana Zheng He. Penjelajahannya > hingga mencapai benua Amerika mengambil waktu antara tahun 1421 dan > 1423. Sebelumnya armada kapal Zheng He berlayar menyusuri jalur selatan > melewati Afrika dan sampai ke Amerika Selatan. > Uraian > astronomi pelayaran Zheng He kira-kira menyebut, pada larut malam saat > terlihat bintang selatan sekitar tanggal 18 Maret 1421, lokasi berada > di ujung selatan Amerika Selatan. Hal tersebut kemudian direkonstruksi > ulang menggunakan software Starry Night dengan membandingkan peta > pelayaran Zheng He. > "Saya > memprogram Starry Night hingga masa di tahun 1421 serta bagian dunia > yang diperkirakan pernah dilayari ekspedisi tersebut," ungkap Menzies > yang juga ahli navigasi dan mantan komandan kapal selam angkatan laut > Inggris ini. Dari sini, dia akhirnya menemukan dua lokasi berbeda dari > pelayaran ini berkat catatan astronomi (bintang) ekspedisi Zheng He. > Lantas > terjadi pergerakan pada bintang-bintang ini, sesuai perputaran serta > orientasi bumi di angkasa. Akibat perputaran bumi yang kurang sempurna > membuat sumbu bumi seolah mengukir lingkaran di angkasa setiap 26 ribu > tahun. Fenomena ini, yang disebut presisi, berarti tiap titik kutub > membidik bintang berbeda selama waktu berjalan. Menzies menggunakan > software untuk merekonstruksi posisi bintang-bintang seperti pada masa > tahun 1421. > "Kita sudah memiliki peta bintang Cina kuno namun masih membutuhkan > penanggalan petanya," kata Menzies. Saat > sedang bingung memikirkan masalah ini, tiba-tiba ditemukanlah > pemecahannya. "Dengan kemujuran luar biasa, salah satu dari tujuan yang > mereka lalui, yakni antara Sumatra dan Dondra Head, Srilanka, mengarah ke > barat." > Bagian > dari pelayaran tersebut rupanya sangat dekat dengan garis katulistiwa > di Samudera Hindia. Adapun Polaris, sang bintang utara, dan bintang > selatanCanopus, > yang dekat dengan lintang kutub selatan, tercantum dalam peta. "Dari > situ, kita berhasil menentukan arah dan letak Polaris. Sehingga > selanjutnya kita bisa memastikan masa dari peta itu yakni tahun 1421, > plus dan minus 30 tahun." > Atas > temuan tersebut, Phillip Sadler, pakar navigasi dari > Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, mengatakan perkiraan > dengan menggunakan peta kuno berdasarkan posisi bintang amatlah > dimungkinkan. Dia juga sepakat bahwa estimasi waktu 30 tahun, seperti > dalam pandangan Menzies, juga masuk akal. > Selama ini, masyarakat dunia mengetahui kiprah Zheng He sebagai penjelajah > ulung. Dia terlahir di Kunyang, kota yang > berada di sebelah barat daya Propinsi Yunan, pada tahun 1371. > Keluarganya yang bernama Ma, adalah bagian dari warga minoritas Semur. > Mereka berasal dari kawasan Asia Tengah serta menganut agama Islam. > Ayah dan kakek Zheng He diketahui pernah mengadakan perjalanan haji ke > Tanah Suci Makkah. Sementara Zheng He sendiri tumbuh besar dengan > banyak mengadakan perjalanan ke sejumlah wilayah. Ia adalah Muslim yang > taat. > Yunan > adalah salah satu wilayah terakhir pertahanan bangsa Mongol, yang sudah > ada jauh sebelum masa dinasti Ming. Pada saat pasukan Ming menguasai > Yunan tahun 1382, Zheng He turut ditawan dan dibawa keNanjing. > Ketika itu dia masih berusia 11 tahun. Zheng He pun dijadikan sebagai > pelayan putra mahkota yang nantinya menjadi kaisar bernama Yong Le. Nah > kaisar inilah yang memberi nama Zheng He hingga akhirnya dia menjadi > salah satu panglima laut paling termashyur di dunia.(Early Tokyo/sbl) > Please visit my blog www.cupitebet. blogspot. com www.liriksolawat. com > > Thanks > > > > --- On Mon, 11/30/09, Martin Wong <[email protected]> wrote: > > From: Martin Wong <[email protected]> > Subject: Re: [mualafindonesia] Mana yang benar Muslim atau Colombus penemu > benua Amerika > To: [email protected] > Date: Monday, November 30, 2009, 4:00 PM > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Assalamualaikum wr wb, > > > > Mau nambahin pak Mujiarto, > > > > bisa jadi cheng ho juga pernah pergi ke amerika sebelum columbus .... > > > > http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ 1421:_The_ Year_China_ Discovered_ the_World > > > > http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Pre-Columbian_ trans-oceanic_ contact > > > > A group of Chinese Buddhist missionaries led by Hui Shen before to 500 > > C.E. claimed to have visited a location called Fusang. Although > > Chinese mapmakers placed this on the Asian coast, more recently some > > have argued, by selecting elements which are similar to some elements > > of the California coast, that this was America.[50] > > > > In his book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World the British > > author Gavin Menzies made the controversial claim that the fleet of > > Zheng He arrived in America in 1421. Menzies' assertions have been > > found to be unconvincing by professional historians. Menzies sees > > stylistic similarities between the decorative motifs of ancient China > > and those of the ancient Maya, and the high value that both placed on > > jade. > > > > atau orang2 dari andalusia... . > > > > http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Pre-Columbian_ Andalusian- Americas_ > contact_theories > > > > "The Commander of the Muslims Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Tashfin sent his > > admiral Ahmad ibn Umar, better known under the name of Raqsh al-Auzz > > to attack a certain island in the Atlantic, but he died before doing > > that. [...] Beyond this ocean of fogs it is not known what exists > > there. Nobody has the sure knowledge of it, because it is very > > difficult to traverse it. Its atmosphere is foggy, its waves are very > > strong, its dangers are perilous, its beasts are terrible, and its > > winds are full of tempests. There are many islands, some of which are > > inhabited, others are submerged. No navigator traverses them but > > bypasses them remaining near their coast. [...] And it was from the > > town of Lisbon that the adventurers set out known under the name of > > Mugharrarin [seduced ones], penetrated the ocean of fogs and wanted to > > know what it contained and where it ended. [...] After sailing for > > twelve more days they perceived an island that seemed to be inhabited, > > and there were cultivated fields. They sailed that way to see what it > > contained. But soon barques encircled them and made them prisoners, > > and transported them to a miserable hamlet situated on the coast. > > There they landed. The navigators saw there people with red skin; > > there was not much hair on their body, the hair of their head was > > straight, and they were of high stature. Their women were of an > > extraordinary beauty." > > > > semoga bermanfaat. > > terima kasih. > > > > wassalam, > > Martin > > > > On Mon, Nov 30, 2009 at 2:59 PM, Mujiarto Karuk <mka...@yahoo. com> wrote: > >> > >> > >> > >> Precolumbian Muslims in the Americas > >> > >> By Dr. Youssef Mroueh, Preparatory Commitee for International Festivals > >> > >> to celebrate the millennium of the Muslims arrival to the Americas (1996 CE) > >> > >> > >> > >> Numerous evidence suggests that Muslims from Spain and West Africa arrived >> to the Americas at least five centuries before Columbus. It is recorded,for >> example, that in the mid-tenth century, during the rule of the Ummayyed >> Caliph Abdul-Rahman III (929-961 CE), Muslims of African origin sailed >> westward from the Spanish port of DELBA(Palos) into the "Ocean of darkness >> and fog". They returned after a long absence with much booty from a "strange >> and curious land". It is evident that people of Muslim origin are known to >> have accompanied Columbus and subsequent Spanish explorers to the New World. > >> > >> > >> > >> The last Muslim stronghold in Spain, Granada, fell to the Christians in 1492 >> CE, just before the Spanish inquisition was launched. To escape persecution, >> many non-Christians fled or embraced Catholicism. At least two documents >> imply the presence of Muslims in Spanish America before 1550 CE. Despite the >> fact that a decree issued in 1539 CE by Charles V, king of Spain, forbade >> the grandsons of Muslims who had been burned at the stake to migrate to the >> West Indies. This decree was ratified in 1543 CE, and an order for the >> expulsion of all Muslims from overseas Spanish territories was subsequently >> published. Many references on the Muslim arrival to Americas are available. >> They are summarized in the following notes: > >> > >> > >> > >> A: HISTORIC DOCUMENTS: > >> > >> > >> > >> 1. A Muslim historian and geographer ABUL-HASSAN ALI IBN AL-HUSSAIN >> AL-MASUDI (871-957 CE) wrote in his book Muruj adh-dhahab wa maadin aljawhar >> (The meadows of gold and quarries of jewells) that during the rule of the >> Muslim caliph of Spain Abdullah Ibn Mohammad(888- 912 CE), a Muslim >> navigator, Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad, from Cortoba, Spain sailed from >> Delba (Palos) in 889 CE, crossed the Atlantic, reached an unknown >> territory(ard majhoola) and returned with fabulous treasures. In Al-Masudi's >> map of the world there is a large area in the ocean of darkness and fog >> which he referred to as the unknown territory (Americas).( 1) > >> > >> > >> > >> 2. A Muslim historian ABU BAKR IBN UMAR AL-GUTIYYA narrated that during the >> reign of the Muslim caliph of Spain, Hisham II (976-1009CE) , another Muslim >> navigator, Ibn Farrukh, from Granada, sailed from Kadesh (February 999CE) >> into the Atlantic, landed in Gando (Great Canary islands) visiting King >> Guanariga, and continued westward where he saw and named two islands, >> Capraria and Pluitana. He arrived back in Spain in May 999 CE.(2) > >> > >> > >> > >> 3. Columbus sailed from Palos (Delba), Spain. He was bound for GOMERA >> (Canary Islands)-Gomera is an Arabic word meaning 'small firebrand' - there >> he fell in love with Beatriz BOBADILLA, daughter of the first captain >> general of the island (the family name BOBADILLA is derived from the Arab >> Islamic name ABOU ABDILLA.).Neverthel ess, the BOBADILLA clan was not easy >> to ignore. Another Bobadilla (Francisco) later, as the royal commissioner, >> put Columbus in chains and transferred him from Santo Dominigo back to Spain >> (November 1500 CE). The BOBADILLA family was related to the ABBADID dynasty >> of Seville (1031-1091 CE). On October 12, 1492 CE, Columbus landed on a >> little island in the Bahamas that was called GUANAHANI by the natives. >> Renamed SAN SALVADOR by Columbus. GUANAHANI is derived from Mandinka and >> modified Arabic words. GUANA (IKHWANA) means 'brothers' and HANI is an >> Arabic name.Therefore the original name of the island was 'HANI BROTHERS'. >> (11) > Ferdinand Columbus, the son of Christopher, wrote about the blacks seen by > his father in Handuras: "The people who live farther east of Pointe Cavinas, > as far as Cape Gracios a Dios, are almost black in color." At the same time, > in this very same region, lived a tribe of Muslim natives known as ALMAMY. In > Mandinka and Arabic languages, ALMAMY was the designation of "AL-IMAM"or > "AL-IMAMU", the leader of the prayer,or in some cases, the chief of the > community,and/ or a member of the Imami Muslim community. (12) > >> > >> > >> > >> 4. A renowned American historian and linguist, LEO WEINER of Harvard >> University, in his book, AFRICA AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA (1920) wrote >> that Columbus was well aware of the Mandinka presence in the New World and >> that the West African Muslims had spread throughout the Caribbean, Central, >> South and North American territories, including Canada,where they were >> trading and intermarrying with the Iroquois and Algonquin Indians. (13) > >> > >> > >> > >> B: GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORATIONS: > >> > >> > >> > >> 1. The famous Muslim geographer and cartographer AL-SHARIF AL-IDRISI (1099- >> 1166CE) wrote in his famous book Nuzhat al-mushtaq fi ikhtiraq al-afaq >> (Excursion of the longing one in crossing horizons) that a group of >> seafarers (from North Africa) sailed into the sea of darkness and fog (The >> Atlantic ocean) from Lisbon (Portugal), in order to discover what was in it >> and what extent were its limits. They finally reached an island that had >> people and cultivation. ..on the fourth day, a translator spoke to them in >> the Arabic language. (3) > >> > >> > >> > >> 2. The Muslim reference books mentioned a well-documented description of a >> journey across the sea of fog and darkness by Shaikh ZAYN EDDINE ALI BEN >> FADHEL AL-MAZANDARANI. His journey started from Tarfaya (South Morocco) >> during the reign of the King Abu-Yacoub Sidi Youssef (1286-1307CE) 6th of >> the Marinid dynasty, to Green Island in the Caribbean sea in 1291 CE (690 >> HE). The details of his ocean journey are mentioned in Islamic references, >> and many Muslim scholars are aware of this recorded historical event..(4) > >> > >> > >> > >> 3. The Muslim historian CHIHAB AD-DINE ABU-L-ABBAS AHMAD BEN FADHL AL-UMARI >> (1300-1384CE/ 700-786HE) described in detail the geographical explorations >> beyond the sea of fog and darkness of Mali's sultans in his famous book >> Massaalik al-absaar fi mamaalik al-amsaar (The pathways of sights in the >> provinces of kingdoms).(5) > >> > >> > >> > >> 4. Sultan MANSU KANKAN MUSA (1312-1337 CE) was the world renowned Mandinka >> monarch of the West African Islamic empire of Mali. While travelling to >> Makkah on his famous Hajj in 1324 CE, he informed the scholars of the Mamluk >> Bahri sultan court (An-Nasir Nasir Edin Muhammad III-1309-1340 CE) in Cairo, >> that his brother, sultan Abu Bakari I (1285-1312CE) had undertaken two >> expeditions into the Atlantic ocean. When the sultan did not return to >> Timbuktu from the second voyage of 1311 CE, Mansa Musa became sultan of the >> empire. (6) > >> > >> > >> > >> 5. Columbus and early Spanish and portuguese explorers were able to voyage >> across the Atlantic (a distance of 2400 Km's) thanks to Muslim geographical >> and navigational information. In particular maps made by Muslim traders, >> including AL-MASUDI (871-957CE) in his book Akhbar az-zaman (History of the >> world) which is based on material gathered in Africa and Asia (9). As a >> matter of fact, Columbus had two captain of muslim origin during his first >> transatlantic voyage: Martin Alonso Pinzon was the captain of the PINTA,and >> his brother Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the captain of the NINA. They were >> wealthy, expert ship outfitters who helped organize the Columbus expedition >> and prepared the flagship, SANTA MARIA. They did this at their own expense >> for both commercial and political reasons. The PINZON family was related to >> ABUZAYAN MUHAMMAD III (1362-66 CE), the Moroccan sultan of the Marinid >> dynasty (1196-1465CE) . (10) > >> > >> > >> > >> C: ARABIC (ISLAMIC) INSCRIPTIONS: > >> > >> > >> > >> 1. Anthropologists have proven that the Mandinkos under Mansa Musa's >> instructions explored many parts of North America via the Mississippi and >> other rivers systems. At Four Corners, Arizona, writings show that they even >> brought elephants from Africa to the area.(7) > >> > >> > >> > >> 2. Columbus admitted in his papers that on Monday, October 21,1492 CE while >> his ship was sailing near Gibara on the north-east coast of Cuba, he saw a >> mosque on top of a beautiful mountain. The ruins of mosques and minarets >> with inscriptions of Quranic verses have been discovered in Cuba,Mexico, >> Texas and Nevada. (8) > >> > >> > >> > >> 3. During his second voyage, Columbus was told by the indians of ESPANOLA >> (Haiti), that black people had been to the island before his arrival. For >> proof, they presented Columbus with the spears of these African muslims. >> These weapons were tipped with a yellow metal that the indians called >> GUANIN, a word of West African derivation meaning 'gold alloy'. Oddly >> enough, it is related to the Arabic word 'GHINAA' which means 'WEALTH'. >> Columbus brought some GUANINES back to Spain and had them tested. He learned >> that the metal was 18 parts gold (56.25%), 6 parts silver (18.75%) and 8 >> parts copper (25%), the same ratio as the metal produced in African >> metalshops of Guinea. (14) > >> > >> > >> > >> 4. In 1498 CE, on his third voyage to the new world, Columbus landed in >> Trinidad. Later, he sighted the South American continent, where some of his >> crew went ashore and found natives using colorful handkerchiefs of >> symmetrically woven cotton. Columbus noticed that these handkerchiefs >> resembled the headdresses and loinclothes of Guinea in their colors, style >> and function. He refered to them as ALMAYZARS. ALMAYZAR is an Arabic word >> for 'wrapper','cover' ,'apron' and/or 'skirting' which was the cloth the >> Moors (Spanish or North African Muslims) imported from west Africa (Guinea) >> into Morocco, Spain and Portugal. During this voyage, Columbus was surprised >> that the married women wore cotton panties (bragas) and he wondered where >> these natives learned their modesty. Hernan Cortes, Spanish conqueror, >> described the dress of the Indian women as 'long veils' and the dress of >> Indian men as 'breechcloth painted in the style of Moorish draperies'. >> Ferdinand > Columbus called the native cotton garments 'breechclothes of the same design > and cloth as the shawls worn by the Moorish women of Granada'. Even the > similarity of the children's hammocks to those found in North Africa was > uncanny.(15) > >> > >> > >> > >> 5. Dr. Barry Fell (Harvard University) introduced in his book 'Saga >> America-1980' solid scientific evidence supporting the arrival, centuries >> before Columbus, of Muslims from North and West Africa. Dr. Fell discovered >> the existence of the Muslim schools at Valley of Fire, Allan Springs, >> Logomarsino, Keyhole, Canyon, Washoe and Hickison Summit Pass (Nevada), Mesa >> Verde (Colorado), Mimbres Valley (New Mexico) and Tipper Canoe(Indiana) >> dating back to 700-800 CE. Engraved on rocks in the arid western U.S, he >> found texts, diagrams and charts representing the last surviving fragments >> of what was once a system of schools - at both an elementary and higher >> level. The language of instruction was North African Arabic written with old >> Kufic Arabic scripts. The subjects of instruction included writing, reading, >> arithmetic, religion, history, geography, mathematics, astronomy and sea >> navigation. The descendants of the Muslim visitors of North America are >> members of > the present Iroquois, Algonquin, Anasazi, Hohokam and Olmec native > people..(16) > >> > >> > >> > >> 6. There are 565 names of places (villages, towns, cities, mountains, lakes, >> rivers,.. etc. ) in U.S.A. (484) and Canada (81) which derived from Islamic >> and Arabic roots. These places were originally named by the natives in >> precolumbian periods. Some of these names carried holy meanings such as: >> Mecca-720 inhabitants (Indiana), Makkah Indian tribe (Washington) , >> Medina-2100 (Idaho), Medina-8500 (N.Y.), Medina-1100, Hazen-5000 (North >> Dakota), Medina-17000/ Medina-120000 (Ohio), Medina-1100 (Tennessee), >> Medina-26000 (Texas), Medina-1200 (Ontario), Mahomet-3200 (Illinois), >> Mona-1000 (Utah), Arva-700 (Ontario)... etc. A careful study of the names of >> the native Indian tribes revealed that many names are derived from Arab and >> Islamic roots and origins, i.e. Anasazi, Apache, Arawak, Arikana, Chavin, >> Cherokee, Cree, Hohokam, Hupa, Hopi, Makkah, Mahigan, Mohawk, Nazca, Zulu, >> Zuni...etc.. > >> > >> Based on the above historical, geographical and linguistic notes, a call to >> celebrate the millennium of the Muslim arrival to the Americas, five >> centuries before Columbus, has been issued to all Muslim nations and >> communities around the world. We hope that this call will receive complete >> understanding and attract enough support. > >> > >> > >> > >> FOOTNOTES: > >> > >> > >> > >> (1)See ref 4 (2)See ref. 9 (3)See ref. 3 (4)See ref. 1, 2 and 5 (5)See ref. >> 6 (6)See ref. 14 (7)See ref. 21 and 22 (8)See ref. 15 (9)See ref. 4 (10)See >> ref. 15 (11)See ref. 15 (12)See ref. 6 (13)See ref. 20 (14)See ref. 16 >> (15)See ref. 7 (16)See ref. 10 &12 > >> > >> > >> > >> REFERENCES: > >> 1. AGHA HAKIM, AL-MIRZA Riyaadh Al-Ulama(Arabic) ,Vol.2 P.386/Vol.4 P.175 > >> 2. AL-AMEEN, SAYED MOHSIN Aayan Ash-Shia(Arabic) ,Vol.7 P.158/Vol 8 > >> P.302-3 > >> 3. AL-IDRISSI Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq fi Ikhtiraq Al-Afaaq(Arabic) > >> 4. AL-MASUDI Muruj Adh-Dhahab (Arabic), Vol. 1, P. 138 > >> 5. AL-ASFAHANI, AR-RAGHIB Adharea Ila Makarim Ash-Shia,Vol. 16,P.343 > >> 6. CAUVET, GILES Les Berbers de L'Amerique,Paris 1912,P.100-101 > >> 7. COLUMBUS, FERDINAND The Life of Admiral Christopher Columbus,Rutgers > >> Univ.Press, 1959, > >> P.232 > >> 8. DAVIES, NIGEL Voyagers to the New World,New York 1979 > >> 9. ON MANUEL OSUNAY SAVINON Resumen de la Geografia Fisica...,Santa Cruz > >> de Tenerife, 1844 > >> 10. FELL,BARRY Saga America, New York 1980 > >> 11. FELL,BARRY America BC, New York 1976 > >> 12. GORDON,CYRUS Before Columbus,New York 1971 > >> 13. GYR,DONALD Exploring Rock Art,Santa Barbara 1989 > >> 14. HUYGHE,PATRICK Columbus was Last,New York 1992 > >> 15. OBREGON ,MAURICIO The Columbus Papers,The Barcelona Letter of 1493, > >> The Landfall > >> Controversy, and the Indian Guides, McMillan Co.,New York 1991 > >> 16. THACHER,JOHN BOYD Christopher Columbus,New York 1950,P.380 > >> 17. VAN SETIMA,IVAN African Presence in Early America,New Brunswick,NJ > >> 1987 > >> 18. VAN SETIMA,IVAN They Came Before Columbus,New York 1976 > >> 19. VON WUTHENAU,ALEX Unexpected Facts in Ancient America,New York 1975 > >> 20. WEINER,LEO Africa and the Discovery of America,Philadelphi a > >> 1920,Vol.2 P.365-6 > >> 21. WILKINS,H..T. Mysteries of Ancient South America,New York 1974 > >> 22. WINTERS,CLYDE AHMAD Islam in Early North and South > >> America,Al-Ittihad, July 1977,P.60 > >> > >> http://www.themoder nreligion. com/ht/precolumb us.html > >> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > > > ------------------------------------ > > ______________________________________________________________________ > http://www.numesir.org untuk informasi tentang Cabang Istimewa NU Mesir dan > KMNU2000, atau info-info seputar Cairo dan Timur Tengah. > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > Kami berharap Anda selalu bersama kami, tapi jika karena suatu hal Anda harus > meninggalkan forum ini silakan kirim email ke: > [email protected] > Yahoo! Groups Links > > > > ------------------------------------ ______________________________________________________________________ http://www.numesir.org untuk informasi tentang Cabang Istimewa NU Mesir dan KMNU2000, atau info-info seputar Cairo dan Timur Tengah. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kami berharap Anda selalu bersama kami, tapi jika karena suatu hal Anda harus meninggalkan forum ini silakan kirim email ke: [email protected] Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kmnu2000/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kmnu2000/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: [email protected] [email protected] <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [email protected] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
