Sorry in the first  sent mail, accidentally the article's author name was 
erased but corrected and amended here. Thank you: BCEZ
~~~~~~~~~~
Following �this comment and announcement, please see a very brilliant and 
opportune analysis from James Petras who writes about how the US is presently 
studying two stage strategy to finish at the same time with two "terrorist 
countries" Venezuela and Cuba . The two strategy implies �moving a couple of 
�pieces 
on the region that would eventually produce the 'cause and effect' action and 
�consequently lead to a military intervention in Venezuela. ���For this 
reason, and because we must avoid at all cost another new bloody and cruel 
scenario 
such as that of Iraq, and/or Haiti, � 

PLEASE, JOIN THE �MARCH 31 MOBILIZATION TO DEFEND VENEZUELA SOVEREIGNTY! 

No US Intervention in Venezuela! 

11:00 AM: Assembly Point @ "La Placita Olvera" 
Olvera St. 845 N. Alameda St. across from Union Station 

11:30 AM: March to to Downtown Federal Building 
300 N. Los Angeles St., LA, CA 90012 

12:30 Noon: Press Conference @ Downtown F.B. 

1:00 P.M. : Walk to the Los Angeles Times Building 
where representatives of CAIIV will hand a letter to the 
Editorial Board of the paper requesting less bias in their 
coverage and analysis of Venezuela. 

Organized by: �Coalition Against Intervention in Venezuela (CAIIV) 
Information 

Mobilization March 31, next planning meeting will be on Tuesday, March 29 at 
7:00PM at Echo Park United Methodist Church/ 1226 N. Alvarado, LA, CA 90026 
�For more information call Rudolph: (626) 282-9431 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
Fateful Quadrangle 
Cuba and Venezuela Face the US and Colombia 

By: JAMES PETRAS

Cuba's living example of 45 years of successful 
resistance to US military aggression and economic 
boycott is extremely damaging to Washington's goal of 
world empire for several reasons. In the first place 
Cuba's success refutes the notion put forth by the 
"center-left" that "small", "undeveloped" countries 
cannot resist imperial powers, or sustain a revolution 
in the face of "globalization". Secondly the survival 
of the Cuban revolution refutes the idea that 
Caribbean or Latin American countries located 
proximate to the US must conform to the dictates of 
Washington. Thirdly, Cuba demonstrates that the US 
empire is not invincible � Cuba has defeated almost 
all major aggressive military, political and 
diplomatic attacks. 

Diplomatically, Cuba is recognized by almost all 
countries in the world, and receives the support of 
over 150 countries (versus 3 for the US) in opposition 
to the US embargo in the United Nations. Economically, 
Cuba has trade and investment relations with all major 
European, Asian, African, Latin American and North 
American nations (except the US). Militarily, the 
Cuban armed forces and intelligence agencies have 
defeated every US-sponsored terrorist attack on the 
islands for the past half-century in addition to 
raising the political cost for any potential invasion. 
In response to a half century of failures, the Bush 
Administration has escalated its aggression: 
practically eliminating all US travel to Cuba, 
blocking almost all family remittances, and tightening 
trade restrictions on food and medicine. While these 
harsh measures have had some negative effects on Cuba, 
they have also provoked opposition among some 
conservative sectors of the US public. Many Cuban 
exiles who would normally support Bush have been 
antagonized because they cannot provide economic 
assistance to aging family members. Agricultural 
interests (from 38 states) which supported Bush are 
furious at the new restriction on trade. Liberal and 
conservative enemies of the Cuban revolution who hoped 
to subvert the revolution via cultural and ideological 
penetration are upset by the travel and cultural 
restrictions. 

In other words the harsher and more extreme the 
measures adopted by the Bush Administration against 
Cuba the greater Washington's isolation. This is true 
externally as well as internally. Let us examine 
several illustrations. 

The US exploited the jailing of over 70 US paid 
propagandists, labeling them "political dissidents", 
initially securing the support of the European Union. 
A year later, the EU has broken with Washington and 
renewed and expanded its cultural and economic ties 
with Cuba. 

While the US tightens its trade embargo, Cuban trade 
and investment ties with China and the rest of Asia, 
Venezuela and the rest of Latin America, Canada and 
Europe have expanded and deepened. The US restrictions 
on family remittances has been weakened by family 
members sending money via "third countries such as 
Mexico, Canada, Dominican Republic etc. Canadian, 
European, Latin American and Asian visitors have 
topped 2 million annually and new influxes of 
investment have made up for most of the shortfall from 
the restrictions on remittances. 

Finally Washington's attempts to limit Cuba's access 
to energy sources after the fall of the USSR have been 
defeated by the far-reaching trade and investment 
agreements with the Venezuelan government of President 
Chavez. The Chavez regime provides Cuba with petrol at 
subsidized prices in exchange for Cuba providing a 
vast health and education program for the poor of 
Venezuela. The Cuban-Venezuelan political and economic 
ties have undercut US efforts to force the Caribbean 
and Latin American countries to break with Cuba. As a 
result of past and present failed policies of directly 
attacking Cuba, the Bush administration has turned 
toward destroying Cuba's strategic alliance with the 
Chavez regime. 

The Two Stage Strategy 

US strategy toward destroying the Cuban revolution is 
increasingly following a "two step" approach: first 
overthrow the Chavez government in Venezuela, cut off 
the energy supply and trade links and then proceed 
toward economic strangulation and military attack. The 
"two step" strategy against Cuba, involves the 
elaboration of a calibrated action plan to overthrow 
the Chavez government. 

Washington's anti-Chavez efforts up till 2005 have 
resulted in severe defeats. These efforts have largely 
been based on an "insider" approach, utilizing the 
local ruling class, sectors of the army and the 
corrupt trade union bureaucracy. Not only have 
Washington's domestic instruments been defeated but 
they have been severely weakened for future use. 
Washington's support for the failed military coup 
resulted in the loss of several hundred 
counter-revolutionary officers who were forced to 
resign. Bush's support for the petroleum elite's 
lockout led to the expulsion of thousands of oil 
officials allied with Washington. The defeat of the 
referendum to expel Chavez, mobilized, politicized and 
radicalized millions of poor Venezuelans and 
demoralized Washington's middle class supporters. The 
result of these failed policies has been to turn 
Washington's attention to an "outsider" strategy: the 
key to which is incremental military intervention in 
association with the terrorist Uribe regime in 
Colombia. 

The US strategy against Cuba involves a joint 
US-Colombian attack of Venezuela backed by internal 
terrorists and the ruling class. This indirect attack 
on Cuba, involves complex, external preparation in 
cooperation with Colombia. First of all Washington and 
Uribe have greatly strengthened military bases 
surrounding the Venezuelan border. Secondly "trial 
military incursions" involving both Colombian military 
and paramilitary forces occur on a regular basis � 
testing Venezuelan defenses. In 2004 six Venezuelan 
soldiers were killed, a number of Venezuelan officials 
were bribed to kidnap a Colombian resistance leader 
and numerous cross border attacks killing and 
kidnapping Colombian refugees took place in Venezuela. 
Thirdly the US has provided nearly $3 billion dollars 
in military aid to Colombia, tripled the size of its 
armed forces (to over 275,000), greatly increased its 
air force combat units (helicopters, fighter bombers), 
provided advanced military technology and several 
thousand official and "contracted" military 
specialists. Fourthly Washington has recruited the 
Gutierrez regime in Ecuador, invaded Haiti, 
established military bases in Peru and the Dominican 
Republic, and has engaged in navy maneuvers just off 
the Venezuelan coast in preparation for a military 
attack.Fifthly Colombia (under US tutelage) signed a 
joint military-intelligence cooperation agreement on 
December 18, 2004 with the Venezuelan Ministry of 
Defense, providing the US with "inside information" 
and serving as a possible source of infiltration of 
the Venezuelan Armed Forces to counter pro-Cuban 
officers. 


The Triangular Strategy 

The US is relying on a "triangular strategy" to 
overthrow the Chavez regime: A military invasion from 
Colombia, US intervention (air and sea attacks plus 
special forces to assassinate key officials) and an 
internal uprising by infiltrated terrorists and 
military traitors, supported by key media, financial 
and petrol elites. The strategy involves seizing state 
power, expelling the Cuban aid missions and breaking 
all agreements with Cuba. 

Prior to this concerted military strategy, Washington 
has designed a propaganda campaign against the 
Cuban-Venezuelan alliance, Venezuela's attempts to 
rectify the enormous military deficit with Colombia by 
purchasing defensive arms, and raising the specter of 
Venezuela's "subversion" of Latin American regimes. 
The key to US policy is to prevent Venezuela from 
joining Cuba as an alternative social welfare regime 
to the US neo-liberal clients in Latin America. US 
aggression escalates as the agrarian reform expands, 
Venezuela prepares self-defense and Chavez diversifies 
trade and investment ties. Cuba's powerful support for 
Venezuela's social welfare programs has consolidated 
mass support for the Chavez regime and is a main base 
of defense for the radicalization of the process. 

As Venezuela confronts Washington's threats, it 
consolidates its ties with Cuba. The fate of the two 
projects become intertwined and bound together in a 
single common anti-imperialist alliance, despite the 
differences in social systems and political 
composition. 


Strengths of the Venezuelan-Cuban Alliance 

The US "external" strategy toward Venezuela and its 
"two step" approach toward Cuba face powerful 
limitations. 

First of all the Colombian regime faces a powerful 
internal opposition: 20,000 veteran guerrilla fighters 
and millions of Colombians sympathetic to the agrarian 
reform program, independent foreign policy and 
political freedoms of the Chavez regime. It is very 
dangerous for Uribe to start a "two-front war" which 
might open the way to attacks on the principle cities 
including Bogot�. 

The US is heavily tied down militarily in Iraq and 
puts a higher priority on war against Iran/Syria than 
Venezuela. The US intervention would be limited to air 
and sea attacks and Special Forces. 

The war would mobilize millions of Venezuelans in a 
war of national liberation, defending their own land � 
homes, neighborhoods, families and friends. Moreover 
popular liberation wars radicalize the population and 
frequently lead to the confiscation of 
counter-revolutionary property. A failed invasion 
could push Venezuela toward greater socialization of 
the economy and eliminate the domestic elite. 

Moreover, US economy and multi-nationals stand to lose 
a reliable supply of petroleum in a tight market and 
billions of dollars in investments � weakening the US 
position in the global energy market. 

An invasion would likely to lead to a joint military 
defense pact between Venezuela and Cuba, which would 
counter-US policy in the Caribbean. Such an invasion 
would also be likely to provoke major unrest and 
instability throughout Latin America, threaten US 
clients and undermining neo-liberal regimes and 
policies. 

For all these reasons, Washington's attempts to pursue 
the external, two step policy toward Venezuela and 
Cuba, while extremely dangerous to both countries, 
could have a boomerang effect, setting in its wake a 
new wave of anti-imperialist struggles throughout the 
region. 

Up to now the escalation of US diplomatic and economic 
aggression against Cuba has led to the greater 
isolation of the US in Europe and throughout the Third 
World. An escalation of military aggression against 
Venezuela as part of a "two-step strategy" against 
Cuba could have even more severe consequences � the 
expansion of the revolutionary struggle in Colombia 
and the rest of Latin America. 




James Petras, a former Professor of Sociology at 
Binghamton University, New York, owns a 50 year 
membership in the class struggle, is an adviser to the 
landless and jobless in brazil and argentina and is 
co-author of Globalization Unmasked (Zed). He can be 
reached at: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 



[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]






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