Here's a link where many people chime in with factoids about what language 
it's written in: What language is TeX implemented in? 
<https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/95369/what-language-is-tex-implemented-in>
  
As to unit tests, I wouldn't be too confident about that!

On Friday, October 15, 2021 at 8:38:53 AM UTC-4 jkn wrote:

> Hi Edward
>     ah, so you are talking about the literate programming aspects of TeX. 
> Fair enough. I came to Leo via that side of things (as did you, I know) but 
> I can't remember what I ever knew about Knuth's tangle and weave etc.
>
> FWIW, although TeX was originally written in Pascal (or SAIL, some sort of 
> derived language IIRC), I think nowadays there is a C version which pretty 
> much everyone uses. I would think that this impliest hat there are plenty 
> of unit tests for the implementation, presumably written after the fact. 
> But I don't know too much about that.
>
> Regards, J^n
>
>
> On Friday, October 15, 2021 at 1:12:28 PM UTC+1 Edward K. Ream wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Oct 15, 2021 at 3:25 AM jkn <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>> > I'm curious as to what you mean by this. Are you referring to the 
>> design of the TeX language?
>>
>> The short answer: no, but this is an interesting question!
>>
>> The most important things to know about TeX:
>>
>> 1. It's never going to change.
>> 2. It does what it was intended to do.
>> 3. It is an important de facto standard.
>> 4. LaTex hides the horrendous details.
>>
>> However, I was referring to the web language, which imo is a horror show. 
>> I think I am entitled to this opinion since I have spent about 40 years 
>> trying to do better :-)
>>
>> > I have more than once wondered what would have happened if 'TeX' had 
>> been written in something like Python (which came much later, of 
>> course)...
>>
>> The question I have been asking myself lately is whether there are unit 
>> tests for TeX that would allow re-implementations in other languages. Unit 
>> testing as a concept did not exist when Knuth created TeX, but such tests 
>> should be completely feasible. After all the tests would check that, given 
>> a TeX input, the *text *output matches expected output in one of several 
>> forms: dvi, svg, pdf, postscript.
>>
>> These kinds of text-to-text checks are the easiest form of unit tests. 
>> However, it would likely take at least a year to create tests that fully 
>> cover TeX. But is that a big deal?  I think not, given the importance of 
>> TeX in the world.  There may be such tests, but I haven't (yet) found 
>> evidence of them.
>>
>> Absent such tests, we are stuck with precompiled versions of the original 
>> TeX (in pascal!) program. But I could be mistaken about that.
>>
>> vs-code has a textab extension that's written in rust! I am busy 
>> installing lyx (and tex live) so I can see in what language lyx is written. 
>> And then there is the whole mathjax tool chain, which I'm guessing is built 
>> on top of TeX/LaTex. There are several LaTeX extensions for vs-code.
>>
>> *Summary*
>>
>> There has been *tremendous* progress in all areas since ca 1980, so 
>> without more research it's too early to say how easy it would be to make 
>> sense of tex.web :-) And let me emphasize that everything I have said here 
>> could be mistaken, in small or large ways!
>>
>> Edward
>>
>

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