On Sun, Dec 04, 2011 at 01:42:50PM -0500, Derek Buitenhuis wrote:
> Port the ProRes encoder by "Anatoliy Wasserman", and include
> the fixes by Michael Niedermayer and Reimar Döffinger.
> 
> It covers the following commits in FFmpeg:
> 
>     c3d56f0ea35fc76799b3accb64503baceee05188 proresenc: fix typo that caused 
> the wrong dimensions to be used.
>     b264e5ca135b103eede3e8caa1ac5afb60a64905 Remove pointless per-frame 
> malloc/free.
>     3c32a941b76a88f385c794823ee2c45e82ea1737 propresenc: fix missed LE pixfmt 
> occurance
>     64a41dc21f3d2df4ccf794b7104c3b3deb09a627 proresenc: the encoder expects 
> native endian input.
>     9b04f51d5f63e74c5f0c258ad866ce7959c936fd proresenc: add forgotten 
> bytestream include
>     c5865a8967c99aad4684ba18dce6835e1a8126fc Use bytestream functions to 
> write header.
>     d9f4dc52a0fe3edb93f153cf13e750f7c46243d1 Only do 1 malloc instead of 3 
> and check for failure.
>     5c9b9165cd82478a6d26294561767d60439040d3 Remove unnecessary memset.
>     a2db46b883becdc212d5def7b265e376ff594303 Remove useless casts.
>     70bab5847e12e50f9095e97610c3454a934d4039 Apple ProRes encoder
> 
> Signed-off-by: Derek Buitenhuis <[email protected]>
> ---
>  Changelog              |    1 +
>  doc/general.texi       |    2 +-
>  libavcodec/Makefile    |    1 +
>  libavcodec/allcodecs.c |    2 +-
>  libavcodec/proresenc.c |  599 
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 603 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 libavcodec/proresenc.c
> 
> diff --git a/Changelog b/Changelog
> index bfb411e..46bd803 100644
> --- a/Changelog
> +++ b/Changelog
> @@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ easier to use. The changes are:
>  - CRI ADX audio format demuxer
>  - Playstation Portable PMP format demuxer
>  - PCM format support in OMA demuxer
> +- Prores encoder
  
It's better to amend the entry with ProRes decoder (also notice the
capitalisation) IMO.
  
>  version 0.7:
> diff --git a/doc/general.texi b/doc/general.texi
> index ca9731e..bf2d1c9 100644
> --- a/doc/general.texi
> +++ b/doc/general.texi
> @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ following image formats are supported:
>      @tab Used in Chinese MP3 players.
>  @item ANSI/ASCII art         @tab     @tab  X
>  @item Apple MJPEG-B          @tab     @tab  X
> -@item Apple ProRes           @tab     @tab  X
> +@item Apple ProRes           @tab  X  @tab  X
>  @item Apple QuickDraw        @tab     @tab  X
>      @tab fourcc: qdrw
>  @item Asus v1                @tab  X  @tab  X
> diff --git a/libavcodec/Makefile b/libavcodec/Makefile
> index a78cd81..dcfacfd 100644
> --- a/libavcodec/Makefile
> +++ b/libavcodec/Makefile
> @@ -298,6 +298,7 @@ OBJS-$(CONFIG_PNG_ENCODER)             += png.o pngenc.o
>  OBJS-$(CONFIG_PPM_DECODER)             += pnmdec.o pnm.o
>  OBJS-$(CONFIG_PPM_ENCODER)             += pnmenc.o pnm.o
>  OBJS-$(CONFIG_PRORES_DECODER)          += proresdec.o proresdsp.o
> +OBJS-$(CONFIG_PRORES_ENCODER)          += proresenc.o
>  OBJS-$(CONFIG_PTX_DECODER)             += ptx.o
>  OBJS-$(CONFIG_QCELP_DECODER)           += qcelpdec.o celp_math.o         \
>                                            celp_filters.o acelp_vectors.o \
> diff --git a/libavcodec/allcodecs.c b/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
> index 82023ff..2e5410f 100644
> --- a/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
> +++ b/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
> @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ void avcodec_register_all(void)
>      REGISTER_DECODER (PICTOR, pictor);
>      REGISTER_ENCDEC  (PNG, png);
>      REGISTER_ENCDEC  (PPM, ppm);
> -    REGISTER_DECODER (PRORES, prores);
> +    REGISTER_ENCDEC  (PRORES, prores);
>      REGISTER_DECODER (PTX, ptx);
>      REGISTER_DECODER (QDRAW, qdraw);
>      REGISTER_DECODER (QPEG, qpeg);
> diff --git a/libavcodec/proresenc.c b/libavcodec/proresenc.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..5732121
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/libavcodec/proresenc.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
> +/*
> + * Apple ProRes encoder
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2011 Anatoliy Wasserman

For the record I find it hard to believe it's a real name and not a pseudonym.
Actually I sent a letter to the author asking about it (got no reply though).

> + * This file is part of Libav.
> + *
> + * Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
> + * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
> + *
> + * Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
> + * Lesser General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
> + * License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
> + * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 
> USA
> + */
> +
> +/**
> + * @file libavcodec/proresenc.c
> + * Known FOURCCs: 'apch' (HQ), 'apcn' (SD), 'apcs' (LT), 'acpo' (Proxy)
> + */
> +
> +#include "avcodec.h"
> +#include "put_bits.h"
> +#include "bytestream.h"
> +#include "dsputil.h"
> +
> +#define DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH 8
> +
> +#define FF_PROFILE_PRORES_PROXY     0
> +#define FF_PROFILE_PRORES_LT        1
> +#define FF_PROFILE_PRORES_STANDARD  2
> +#define FF_PROFILE_PRORES_HQ        3
> +
> +static const AVProfile profiles[] = {
> +    { FF_PROFILE_PRORES_PROXY,    "apco"},
> +    { FF_PROFILE_PRORES_LT,       "apcs"},
> +    { FF_PROFILE_PRORES_STANDARD, "apcn"},
> +    { FF_PROFILE_PRORES_HQ,       "apch"},
> +    { FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN }
> +};
> +
> +static const int qp_start_table[4] = { 4, 1, 1, 1 };
> +static const int qp_end_table[4]   = { 8, 9, 6, 6 };
> +static const int bitrate_table[5]  = { 1000, 2100, 3500, 5400 };
> +
> +static const uint8_t progressive_scan[64] = {
> +     0,  1,  8,  9,  2,  3, 10, 11,
> +    16, 17, 24, 25, 18, 19, 26, 27,
> +     4,  5, 12, 20, 13,  6,  7, 14,
> +    21, 28, 29, 22, 15, 23, 30, 31,
> +    32, 33, 40, 48, 41, 34, 35, 42,
> +    49, 56, 57, 50, 43, 36, 37, 44,
> +    51, 58, 59, 52, 45, 38, 39, 46,
> +    53, 60, 61, 54, 47, 55, 62, 63
> +};

this can be shared between decoder and encoder

> +
> +static const uint8_t QMAT_LUMA[4][64] = {
> +    {
> +         4,  7,  9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 63,
> +         7,  7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 63, 63,
> +         9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 63, 63, 63,
> +        11, 11, 13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        11, 13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        13, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63
> +    }, {
> +         4,  5,  6,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15,
> +         5,  5,  7,  8, 11, 13, 15, 17,
> +         6,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 17,
> +         7,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
> +         7,  9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23,
> +         9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23, 29,
> +         9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 28, 35,
> +        11, 13, 16, 17, 21, 28, 35, 41
> +    }, {
> +         4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,
> +         4,  4,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9,
> +         5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9, 10,
> +         5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9, 10,
> +         5,  6,  7,  7,  8,  9, 10, 12,
> +         6,  7,  7,  8,  9, 10, 12, 15,
> +         6,  7,  7,  9, 10, 11, 14, 17,
> +         7,  7,  9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 21
> +    }, {
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  7,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  6,  7,  7
> +    }
> +};
> +
> +static const uint8_t QMAT_CHROMA[4][64] = {
> +    {
> +         4,  7,  9, 11, 13, 14, 63, 63,
> +         7,  7, 11, 12, 14, 63, 63, 63,
> +         9, 11, 13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        11, 11, 13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        11, 13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        13, 14, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        13, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
> +        63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63
> +    }, {
> +         4,  5,  6,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15,
> +         5,  5,  7,  8, 11, 13, 15, 17,
> +         6,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15, 15, 17,
> +         7,  7,  9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
> +         7,  9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23,
> +         9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23, 29,
> +         9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 28, 35,
> +        11, 13, 16, 17, 21, 28, 35, 41
> +    }, {
> +         4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,
> +         4,  4,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9,
> +         5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9, 10,
> +         5,  5,  6,  7,  7,  9,  9, 10,
> +         5,  6,  7,  7,  8,  9, 10, 12,
> +         6,  7,  7,  8,  9, 10, 12, 15,
> +         6,  7,  7,  9, 10, 11, 14, 17,
> +         7,  7,  9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 21
> +    }, {
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  7,
> +         4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  6,  7,  7
> +    }
> +};

makes me wonder where those matrices come from

> +typedef struct {
> +    uint8_t* fill_y;
> +    uint8_t* fill_u;
> +    uint8_t* fill_v;
> +
> +    int qmat_luma[16][64];
> +    int qmat_chroma[16][64];
> +} ProresContext;
> +
> +static void encode_codeword(PutBitContext *pb, int val, int codebook)
> +{
> +    unsigned int rice_order, exp_order, switch_bits, first_exp, exp, zeros,
> +            mask;
> +
> +    /* number of bits to switch between rice and exp golomb */
> +    switch_bits = codebook & 3;
> +    rice_order  = codebook >> 5;
> +    exp_order   = (codebook >> 2) & 7;
> +
> +    first_exp = ((switch_bits + 1) << rice_order);
> +
> +    if (val >= first_exp) { /* exp golomb */
> +        val -= first_exp;
> +        val += (1 << exp_order);
> +        exp = av_log2(val);
> +        zeros = exp - exp_order + switch_bits + 1;
> +        put_bits(pb, zeros, 0);
> +        put_bits(pb, 1, 1);
> +        put_bits(pb, exp, val);
> +    } else if (rice_order) {
> +        mask = (1 << rice_order) - 1;
> +        put_bits(pb, (val >> rice_order), 0);
> +        put_bits(pb, 1, 1);
> +        put_bits(pb, rice_order, val & mask);
> +    } else {
> +        put_bits(pb, val, 0);
> +        put_bits(pb, 1, 1);
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +#define QSCALE(qmat,ind,val) ((val) / (qmat[ind]))
> +#define TO_GOLOMB(val) ((val << 1) ^ (val >> 31))
> +#define DIFF_SIGN(val, sign) ((val >> 31) ^ sign)
> +#define IS_NEGATIVE(val) (((val >> 31) ^ -1) + 1)
> +#define TO_GOLOMB2(val,sign) (val==0 ? 0 : (val << 1) + sign)

val ? (val << 1) + sign : 0

also those macros are mostly used in exactly one place, aren't they?

> +
> +static av_always_inline int get_level(int val)
> +{
> +    int sign = (val >> 31);
> +    return (val ^ sign) - sign;
> +}
> +
> +#define FIRST_DC_CB 0xB8
> +
> +static const uint8_t dc_codebook[7] = { 0x04, 0x28, 0x28, 0x4D, 0x4D, 0x70, 
> 0x70};

this should also be shared with decoder

> +static void encode_dc_coeffs(PutBitContext *pb, DCTELEM *in,
> +        int blocks_per_slice, int *qmat)
> +{
> +    int prev_dc, code;
> +    int i, sign, idx;
> +    int new_dc, delta, diff_sign, new_code;
> +
> +    prev_dc = QSCALE(qmat, 0, in[0] - 16384);
> +    code = TO_GOLOMB(prev_dc);
> +    encode_codeword(pb, code, FIRST_DC_CB);
> +
> +    code = 5; sign = 0; idx = 64;
> +    for (i = 1; i < blocks_per_slice; i++, idx += 64) {
> +        new_dc    = QSCALE(qmat, 0, in[idx] - 16384);
> +        delta     = new_dc - prev_dc;
> +        diff_sign = DIFF_SIGN(delta, sign);
> +        new_code  = TO_GOLOMB2(get_level(delta), diff_sign);
> +
> +        encode_codeword(pb, new_code, dc_codebook[FFMIN(code, 6)]);
> +
> +        code      = new_code;
> +        sign      = delta >> 31;
> +        prev_dc   = new_dc;
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +static const uint8_t run_to_cb[16] = { 0x06, 0x06, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x29,
> +        0x29, 0x29, 0x29, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x4C };
> +static const uint8_t lev_to_cb[10] = { 0x04, 0x0A, 0x05, 0x06, 0x04, 0x28,
> +        0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x4C };
> +
> +static void encode_ac_coeffs(AVCodecContext *avctx, PutBitContext *pb,
> +        DCTELEM *in, int blocks_per_slice, int *qmat)
> +{
> +    int prev_run = 4;
> +    int prev_level = 2;
> +
> +    int run = 0, level, code;
> +    for (int i = 1; i < 64; i++) {
> +        int indp = progressive_scan[i];
> +        for (int j = 0; j < blocks_per_slice; j++) {
> +            int val = QSCALE(qmat, indp, in[(j << 6) + indp]);
> +            if (val) {
> +                encode_codeword(pb, run, run_to_cb[FFMIN(prev_run, 15)]);
> +
> +                prev_run   = run;
> +                run        = 0;
> +                level      = get_level(val);
> +                code       = level - 1;
> +
> +                encode_codeword(pb, code, lev_to_cb[FFMIN(prev_level, 9)]);
> +
> +                prev_level = level;
> +
> +                put_bits(pb, 1, IS_NEGATIVE(val));
> +            } else {
> +                ++run;
> +            }
> +        }
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +static void get(uint8_t *pixels, int stride, DCTELEM* block)

undescriptive function name and I suspect we can replace it with DSPutil
anyway

> +{
> +    int16_t *p = (int16_t*)pixels;
> +    int i, j;
> +
> +    stride >>= 1;
> +    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
> +        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
> +            block[j] = p[j];
> +        }
> +        p += stride;
> +        block += 8;
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +static void fdct_get(uint8_t *pixels, int stride, DCTELEM* block)
> +{
> +    get(pixels, stride, block);
> +    ff_jpeg_fdct_islow_10(block);
> +}
> +

see above

> +static int encode_slice_plane(AVCodecContext *avctx, int mb_count,
> +        uint8_t *src, int src_stride, uint8_t *buf, unsigned buf_size,
> +        int *qmat, int chroma)
> +{
> +    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, DCTELEM, blocks)[DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH << 8], 
> *block;
> +    int i, blocks_per_slice;
> +    PutBitContext pb;
> +
> +    block = blocks;
> +    for (i = 0; i < mb_count; i++) {
> +        fdct_get(src,                  src_stride, block + (0 << 6));
> +        fdct_get(src + 8 * src_stride, src_stride, block + ((2 - chroma) << 
> 6));
> +        if (!chroma) {
> +            fdct_get(src + 16,                  src_stride, block + (1 << 
> 6));
> +            fdct_get(src + 16 + 8 * src_stride, src_stride, block + (3 << 
> 6));
> +        }
> +
> +        block += (256 >> chroma);
> +        src   += (32  >> chroma);
> +    }
> +
> +    blocks_per_slice = mb_count << (2 - chroma);
> +    init_put_bits(&pb, buf, buf_size << 3);
> +
> +    encode_dc_coeffs(&pb, blocks, blocks_per_slice, qmat);
> +    encode_ac_coeffs(avctx, &pb, blocks, blocks_per_slice, qmat);
> +
> +    flush_put_bits(&pb);
> +    return put_bits_ptr(&pb) - pb.buf;
> +}
> +
> +static av_always_inline unsigned encode_slice_data(AVCodecContext *avctx,
> +        uint8_t *dest_y, uint8_t *dest_u, uint8_t *dest_v, int luma_stride,
> +        int chroma_stride, unsigned mb_count, uint8_t *buf, unsigned 
> data_size,
> +        unsigned* y_data_size, unsigned* u_data_size, unsigned* v_data_size,
> +        int qp)

not enough arguments passed IMO

> +{
> +    ProresContext* ctx = avctx->priv_data;
> +
> +    *y_data_size = encode_slice_plane(avctx, mb_count, dest_y, luma_stride,
> +            buf, data_size, ctx->qmat_luma[qp - 1], 0);
> +
> +    if (!(avctx->flags & CODEC_FLAG_GRAY)) {
> +        *u_data_size = encode_slice_plane(avctx, mb_count, dest_u,
> +                chroma_stride, buf + *y_data_size, data_size - *y_data_size,
> +                ctx->qmat_chroma[qp - 1], 1);
> +
> +        *v_data_size = encode_slice_plane(avctx, mb_count, dest_v,
> +                chroma_stride, buf + *y_data_size + *u_data_size,
> +                data_size - *y_data_size - *u_data_size,
> +                ctx->qmat_chroma[qp - 1], 1);
> +    }
> +
> +    return *y_data_size + *u_data_size + *v_data_size;
> +}
> +
> +static void subimage_with_fill(uint16_t *src, unsigned x, unsigned y,
> +        unsigned stride, unsigned width, unsigned height, uint16_t *dst,
> +        unsigned dst_width, unsigned dst_height)
> +{
> +
> +    int box_width = FFMIN(width - x, dst_width);
> +    int box_height = FFMIN(height - y, dst_height);
> +    int i, j, src_stride = stride >> 1;
> +    uint16_t last_pix, *last_line;
> +
> +    src += y * src_stride + x;
> +    for (i = 0; i < box_height; ++i) {
> +        for (j = 0; j < box_width; ++j) {
> +            dst[j] = src[j];
> +        }
> +        last_pix = dst[j - 1];
> +        for (; j < dst_width; j++)
> +            dst[j] = last_pix;
> +        src += src_stride;
> +        dst += dst_width;
> +    }
> +    last_line = dst - dst_width;
> +    for (; i < dst_height; i++) {
> +        for (j = 0; j < dst_width; ++j) {
> +            dst[j] = last_line[j];
> +        }
> +        dst += dst_width;
> +    }
> +}

I doubt it's really needed.

> +static int encode_slice(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *pic, int mb_x,
> +        int mb_y, unsigned mb_count, uint8_t *buf, unsigned data_size,
> +        int unsafe, int *qp)
> +{
> +    int luma_stride, chroma_stride;
> +    int hdr_size = 6, slice_size;
> +    uint8_t *dest_y, *dest_u, *dest_v;
> +    unsigned y_data_size = 0, u_data_size = 0, v_data_size = 0;
> +    ProresContext* ctx = avctx->priv_data;
> +    int tgt_bits   = (mb_count * bitrate_table[avctx->profile]) >> 2;
> +    int low_bytes  = (tgt_bits - (tgt_bits >> 3)) >> 3; // 12% bitrate 
> fluctuation
> +    int high_bytes = (tgt_bits + (tgt_bits >> 3)) >> 3;
> +
> +    luma_stride   = pic->linesize[0];
> +    chroma_stride = pic->linesize[1];
> +
> +    dest_y = pic->data[0] + (mb_y << 4) * luma_stride   + (mb_x << 5);
> +    dest_u = pic->data[1] + (mb_y << 4) * chroma_stride + (mb_x << 4);
> +    dest_v = pic->data[2] + (mb_y << 4) * chroma_stride + (mb_x << 4);
> +
> +    if (unsafe) {

s/unsafe/partial/

> +
> +        subimage_with_fill((uint16_t *) pic->data[0], mb_x << 4, mb_y << 4,
> +                luma_stride, avctx->width, avctx->height,
> +                (uint16_t *) ctx->fill_y, mb_count << 4, 16);
> +        subimage_with_fill((uint16_t *) pic->data[1], mb_x << 3, mb_y << 4,
> +                chroma_stride, avctx->width >> 1, avctx->height,
> +                (uint16_t *) ctx->fill_u, mb_count << 3, 16);
> +        subimage_with_fill((uint16_t *) pic->data[2], mb_x << 3, mb_y << 4,
> +                chroma_stride, avctx->width >> 1, avctx->height,
> +                (uint16_t *) ctx->fill_v, mb_count << 3, 16);
> +
> +        encode_slice_data(avctx, ctx->fill_y, ctx->fill_u, ctx->fill_v,
> +                mb_count << 5, mb_count << 4, mb_count, buf + hdr_size,
> +                data_size - hdr_size, &y_data_size, &u_data_size, 
> &v_data_size,
> +                *qp);
> +    } else {
> +        slice_size = encode_slice_data(avctx, dest_y, dest_u, dest_v,
> +                luma_stride, chroma_stride, mb_count, buf + hdr_size,
> +                data_size - hdr_size, &y_data_size, &u_data_size, 
> &v_data_size,
> +                *qp);
> +
> +        if (slice_size > high_bytes && *qp < qp_end_table[avctx->profile]) {
> +            do {
> +                *qp += 1;
> +                slice_size = encode_slice_data(avctx, dest_y, dest_u, dest_v,
> +                        luma_stride, chroma_stride, mb_count, buf + hdr_size,
> +                        data_size - hdr_size, &y_data_size, &u_data_size,
> +                        &v_data_size, *qp);
> +            } while (slice_size > high_bytes && *qp < 
> qp_end_table[avctx->profile]);
> +        } else if (slice_size < low_bytes && *qp
> +                > qp_start_table[avctx->profile]) {
> +            do {
> +                *qp -= 1;
> +                slice_size = encode_slice_data(avctx, dest_y, dest_u, dest_v,
> +                        luma_stride, chroma_stride, mb_count, buf + hdr_size,
> +                        data_size - hdr_size, &y_data_size, &u_data_size,
> +                        &v_data_size, *qp);
> +            } while (slice_size < low_bytes && *qp > 
> qp_start_table[avctx->profile]);
> +        }

and just a matter of taste but this code looks ugly to me

> +    }
> +
> +    buf[0] = hdr_size << 3;
> +    buf[1] = *qp;
> +    AV_WB16(buf + 2, y_data_size);
> +    AV_WB16(buf + 4, u_data_size);
> +
> +    return hdr_size + y_data_size + u_data_size + v_data_size;
> +}
> +
> +static int prores_encode_picture(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *pic,
> +        uint8_t *buf, const int buf_size)
> +{
> +    int mb_width = (avctx->width + 15) >> 4;
> +    int mb_height = (avctx->height + 15) >> 4;
> +    int hdr_size, sl_size;
> +    int mb_y, sl_data_size, qp;
> +    int unsafe_bot, unsafe_right;
> +    uint8_t *sl_data, *sl_data_sizes;
> +    int slice_per_line = 0, rem = mb_width;
> +
> +    for (int i = av_log2(DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH); i >= 0; --i) {
> +        slice_per_line += rem >> i;
> +        rem &= (1 << i) - 1;
> +    }
> +
> +    qp = qp_start_table[avctx->profile];
> +    hdr_size = 8; sl_data_size = buf_size - hdr_size;
> +    sl_data_sizes = buf + hdr_size;
> +    sl_data = sl_data_sizes + (slice_per_line * mb_height * 2);
> +    for (mb_y = 0; mb_y < mb_height; mb_y++) {
> +        int mb_x = 0;
> +        int slice_mb_count = DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH;
> +        while (mb_x < mb_width) {
> +            while (mb_width - mb_x < slice_mb_count)
> +                slice_mb_count >>= 1;
> +
> +            unsafe_bot = (avctx->height & 0xf) && (mb_y == mb_height - 1);
> +            unsafe_right = (avctx->width & 0xf) && (mb_x + slice_mb_count == 
> mb_width);
> +
> +            sl_size = encode_slice(avctx, pic, mb_x, mb_y, slice_mb_count,
> +                    sl_data, sl_data_size, unsafe_bot || unsafe_right, &qp);
> +
> +            bytestream_put_be16(&sl_data_sizes, sl_size);
> +            sl_data           += sl_size;
> +            sl_data_size      -= sl_size;
> +            mb_x              += slice_mb_count;
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    buf[0] = hdr_size << 3;
> +    AV_WB32(buf + 1, sl_data - buf);
> +    AV_WB16(buf + 5, slice_per_line * mb_height);
> +    buf[7] = av_log2(DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH) << 4;
> +
> +    return sl_data - buf;
> +}
> +
> +static int prores_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, unsigned char *buf,
> +        int buf_size, void *data)
> +{
> +    AVFrame *pic = data;
> +
> +    int header_size = 148;
> +    int pic_size = prores_encode_picture(avctx, pic, buf + header_size + 8,
> +            buf_size - header_size - 8);
> +
> +    bytestream_put_be32(&buf, pic_size + 8 + header_size);
> +    bytestream_put_buffer(&buf, "icpf", 4);
> +
> +    bytestream_put_be16(&buf, header_size);
> +    bytestream_put_be16(&buf, 0);
> +    bytestream_put_buffer(&buf, "fmpg", 4);
> +    bytestream_put_be16(&buf, avctx->width);
> +    bytestream_put_be16(&buf, avctx->height);
> +    *buf++ = 0x83; // {10}(422){00}{00}(frame){11}

it's described in MultimediaWiki, these magic numbers should be all commented

> +    *buf++ = 0;
> +    *buf++ = 2;
> +    *buf++ = 2;
> +    *buf++ = 6;
> +    *buf++ = 32;
> +    *buf++ = 0;
> +    *buf++ = 3;
> +
> +    bytestream_put_buffer(&buf, QMAT_LUMA[avctx->profile],   64);
> +    bytestream_put_buffer(&buf, QMAT_CHROMA[avctx->profile], 64);
> +
> +    return pic_size + 8 + header_size;
> +}
> +
> +static void scale_mat(const uint8_t* src, int* dst, int scale)
> +{
> +    int i;
> +    for (i = 0; i < 64; i++)
> +        dst[i] = src[i] * scale;
> +}
> +
> +static av_cold int prores_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
> +{
> +    int i;
> +    ProresContext* ctx = avctx->priv_data;
> +
> +    if (avctx->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV422P10) {
> +        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "need YUV422P10\n");
> +        return -1;
> +    }
> +    if (avctx->width & 0x1) {
> +        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
> +                "frame width needs to be multiple of 2\n");
> +        return -1;
> +    }
> +
> +    if ((avctx->height & 0xf) || (avctx->width & 0xf)) {
> +        ctx->fill_y = av_malloc(4 * (DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH << 8));
> +        if (!ctx->fill_y)
> +            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
> +        ctx->fill_u = ctx->fill_y + (DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH << 9);
> +        ctx->fill_v = ctx->fill_u + (DEFAULT_SLICE_MB_WIDTH << 8);
> +    }
> +
> +    if (avctx->profile == FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN) {
> +        avctx->profile = FF_PROFILE_PRORES_STANDARD;
> +        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_INFO,
> +                "encoding with ProRes standard (apcn) profile\n");
> +
> +    } else if (avctx->profile < FF_PROFILE_PRORES_PROXY
> +            || avctx->profile > FF_PROFILE_PRORES_HQ) {
> +        av_log(
> +                avctx,
> +                AV_LOG_ERROR,
> +                "unknown profile %d, use [0 - apco, 1 - apcs, 2 - apcn 
> (default), 3 - apch]\n",
> +                avctx->profile);
> +        return -1;
> +    }
> +
> +    avctx->codec_tag = AV_RL32((const 
> uint8_t*)profiles[avctx->profile].name);
> +
> +    for (i = 1; i <= 16; i++) {
> +        scale_mat(QMAT_LUMA[avctx->profile]  , ctx->qmat_luma[i - 1]  , i);
> +        scale_mat(QMAT_CHROMA[avctx->profile], ctx->qmat_chroma[i - 1], i);
> +    }
> +
> +    avctx->coded_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
> +    avctx->coded_frame->key_frame = 1;
> +    avctx->coded_frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
> +
> +    return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static av_cold int prores_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
> +{
> +    ProresContext* ctx = avctx->priv_data;
> +    av_freep(&avctx->coded_frame);
> +    av_freep(&ctx->fill_y);
> +
> +    return 0;
> +}
> +
> +AVCodec ff_prores_encoder = {
> +    .name           = "prores",
> +    .type           = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
> +    .id             = CODEC_ID_PRORES,
> +    .priv_data_size = sizeof(ProresContext),
> +    .init           = prores_encode_init,
> +    .close          = prores_encode_close,
> +    .encode         = prores_encode_frame,
> +    .pix_fmts       = (const enum PixelFormat[]){PIX_FMT_YUV422P10, 
> PIX_FMT_NONE},
> +    .long_name      = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("Apple ProRes"),
> +    .capabilities   = 0,
> +    .profiles       = profiles
> +};
> -- 
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