In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Tim Bedding <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes >Lowell > >> Aww Dr. Tame, you're such a hard-liner. :-) I'd go for >> just privatizing it and allowing competition. > >Competition can only improve things if there are >significant inefficiencies. > >This takes us back to searching for a list of identified >efficiency changes in FDA. > >Do you, or Bill, have a proven list? >
The overwhelming historical and contemporary record of empirical evidence concerning the inefficiency of all institutions with monopoly power, and the massive body of scientific economic analysis of why this is the case, is apparently unknown to Mr. Bedding. Moreover, the principal objection to the FDA is not simply its inefficiency, but its very rationale per se. No agency should have the power to stop companies marketing new drugs to potential customers, so long as their frank declaration of the degree to which they have been tested or validated, to prevent customers from purchasing those drugs, to dictate what information can be purveyed regarding those drugs, to censor information regarding drugs, or to impose by force its view of what degree of risk is acceptable to consumers. For those genuinely interested in the case against the FDA the following selected bibliography on the Critique of Pharmaceutical Industry Regulation, excerpted from my forthcoming CNE bibliography on healthcare and welfare policy, contains material on the FDA:: CHAPTER 38: THE CRITIQUE OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY REGULATION An influential stream of academic thought and political policy throughout the western world expresses great hostility to the pharmaceutical industry and to the profit motive, emphasises the risks of pharmaceutical innovations and the need for a high degree of regulation, or seeks to minimise health care costs by limits upon the range of permissable products to be utilised by doctors. The following works offer detailed critiques of all these positions. I have selected only the more accessible works, rather than the huge technical economic literature on these subjects. There is also a large and growing body of literature specifically on the American evidence regarding the counterproductive effects of the Food and Drug Agency's (FDA) regulation of pharmaceuticals. I have included a selection from this material. Anderson, William (23 May 2000), "The Politics of Medical Research", Mises.org, at: http://www.mises.org/fullarticle.asp?control=432&id=65 A brief critique of Marcia Angell's "The Pharmaceutical Industry - To Whom Is It Accountable", in The New England Journal of Medicine. (March 2002), "Prescription Drugs and Advertising", The Freeman Foundation for Economic Education)â 52(3); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=5384 A demolition of the economically illiterate article by the anthropologist Ellen Goodman, "Prescription Drug Ads Drive Up Costs." Anon. (9 August 1999), "The Other War on Drugs", Research Reports (American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington, Mass.), LXVI(15), pp. 87-88 Anon. (September 2000), "Economic Common Sense About Prescription Drugs", Economic Education Bulletin (American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington, Mass.), XL(9), pp. 1-4 Anon., Accounting 101: Misreprsentation of Pharmaceutical Profits, Policy Note No 2, Buickee Institute for Public Policy Solutions, 4100 North High Street, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43214, 2002 Bailey, Ronald (Spring 2001), "The New Global Villains: Drug Companies and âObscene Profitsâ", Policy (Centre for Independent Studies, St. Leonards, New South Wales); at: http://www.cis.org.au/policy/Spring01/PolicySpring01_2.html (January 9, 2002), "Timid Bureaucrats Kill People: The FDA is Past its Expiration Date in a World of Gene Therapies", Reason (Los Angeles), at: http://reason.com/rb/rb010902.shtml (11 June 2003), "Senioritis: Drug Price Controls Just a Few Years Away", Reason (Los Angeles); at: http://www.reason.com/links/links061103.shtml (24 September 2003), "Snake Oil or Health Tonic: What the FDA Doesnât Want You To Know About Dietary Supplements", ReasonOnline; at: http://www.reason.com/rb/rb092403.shtml Bandow, Doug (February 1994), "The Pharmaceutical Industry: Problem or Solution?", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 44(2), pp. 55-60; at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=2855 (February 1996), "Increasing Access to Pharmaceuticals", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 46(2), pp. 93-98; at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=3403 Also at: http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/healthcarewelfareor socialsecurity/increacphar.shtml (11 November 1996), "The FDA Can Be Dangerous To Your Health", Fortune (New York) (3 October 2000), "How a Pharmaceutical âCrisisâ Was Created", Jewish World Review, at: http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/bandow100300.asp (September 2000), "Bipartisan Drug Entitlement", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 50( 9); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=4727 Also at: http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/healthcarewelfareor socialsecurity/bipartisandrug.shtml (December 2000), "The Faux Pharmaceutical Crisis: Market Incentives vs. Government Mandates", The State Factor (American Legislative Exchange Council), 25(2); at: http://www.alec.org/ (22 May, 2002), "Threatening Pharmaceutical Innovation", Townhall.com, at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/dougbandow/db20020522.shtml (21 December, 2002), "Health-Care Demagogues", Townhall.com, at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/dougbandow/db20021231.shtml (18 March 18, 2003), "Demonizing Those Who Cure Us", Townhall.com, at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/dougbandow/db20030318.shtml (7 July, 2003 ), "Politics Enough to Make Drug Companies Sick", Townhall.com, at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/dougbandow/db20030707.shtml Drug Companies: The Health Care Bogeyman, Viewpoint on Public Issues, No. 94-08, Mackinac Centre, Midland, Michigan, 4 April 1994; at: http://www.mackinac.org/article.asp?ID=130 Demonising Drugmakers: The Political Assault on the Pharmaceutical Industry, Policy Analysis No. 475, Cato Institute, Washington, DC, 2004; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-475es.html Bast, Joseph L., Mr. President, Don't Mess With Drug Pricing, Heartland Institute, Palatine, Illinois, 1994 Becker, Gary (September 2002), "Get the FDA Out of the Way, and Drug Prices Will Drop, Business Week (New York) Beesley, M. (1992), "Schumpeter and UK Pharmaceuticals", Teeling Smith, George, ed., Innovative Competition in Medicine: A Schumpetarian Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry and the NHS, Office of Health Economics, London Berlau, John, FDA Censors Crucial Information About Alzheimer's Drug, Consumer Alert, at: http://www.consumeralert.org/issues/health/alzheim.htm Block, Walter (February 1990), "Stop the Drug Profiteers?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 23-24 & Walker, Michael A. (1989), "Drug Patents", Idem, Lexicon of Economic Thought, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, pp. 106-108 Boston Consulting Group, The, Ensuring Cost-Effective Access to Innovative Pharmaceuticals: Do Market Interventions Work?, Boston Consulting Group, Inc., on behalf of Warner-Lambert Company, April, 1999, at: http://www.warner- lambert.com/pricecontrolsstudy/study_landing.html Bovard, James B. (1995), "End FDA Suppresion of Drug Information", Consumerâs Research (New York), 7(1); at: http://www.acsh.org/publications/priorities/0701/suppression.html Brimelow, Peter & Spencer, Leslie (22 November 11993), "Food and Drugs and Politics", Forbes (New York) Brozen, Yale, The American Drug Industry: Private Enterprise or Public Utility?, Reprint No. 79, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1977 Burstall, Mike L., 1992 and the Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Health Series 9, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1990 & Reuben, B. G., Critics of the Pharmaceutical Industry, REMIT Consultants, London, 1990 & Senior, Ian S. T., Undermining Innovation: Parallel Trade in Prescription Medicines, Choice in Welfare No. 13, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1992 Cady, John, Drugs on the Market: The Impact of Public Policy on the Retail Market for Prescription Drugs, D. C. Heath, Lexington, Mass., 1975 Restricted Advertising and Competition: The Case of Retail Drugs, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1976 Caglarcan, Erol et al, eds., The Pharmaceutical Industry: Economics, Performance and Government Regulation, John Wiley, New York, 1978 Calfee, John E. (February 2001), "Itâs Time for Canada to Rethink its Ban on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs", Fraser Forum, (Fraser Institute); at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/admin/books/chapterfiles/It%20Is%20Time%20 for%20Canada%20to%20Rethink%20its%20Ban%20on%20Direct-to-Consumer%20Adve rtising%20of%20Prescription%20Drugs-feb01ff(v8).pdf#4 A Primer on FDA Reform, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996 Why Pharmaceutical Price Controls Are Bad for Patients, On the Issues, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1999; at: http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.10059/pub_detail.asp Prices, Markets and the Pharmaceutical Revolution, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 2000; at: http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.,bookID.196/book_detail.asp A comprehensive account of the enormous progress made in pharmaceutical discovery, myths regarding the sources of drug expenditures in medical care, and the disastrous effects upon innovation of coercive price controls upon drugs. The Grim Economics of Pharmaceutical Importation, Health Policy Outlook, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 2003; at: http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.19380,filter./pub_detail.asp The High Price of Cheap Drugs, On the Issues, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 2003 Pharmaceutical Price Controls: Testimony Before House Committee on Indistrial Relations, State of Georgia, American Emterprise Institute, New York, 2004; at: http://www.aei.org/news/newsID.19930,filter./news_detail.asp Campbell, Noel C. (2000), "Exploring Free Market Certification of Medical Devices", Feldman, Roger D., ed., American Health Care: Government, Market Process and the Public Interest, Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif. Making Drugs Safe and Available Without the FDA, Policy Report No. 208, National Centre for Policy Analysis, Dallas, Texas, 1997 Campbell, Rita-Ricardo (1982), "Risk-Benefit, Cost-Benefit: Improving Government Regulation of Approval of New Drugs", Gaag, J. Van Der, et al, eds., Economics of Health Care, Praeger, New York Cardy, Peter et al, Keeping Patients in the Dark: Should Prescription Medicines Be Advertised Direct to Consumers?, IEA Health and Welfare Unit, London, 1999 Copulos, Milton (March 1985), "It's Effective - But Is it Safe?", Reason (Los Angeles), 16(10), pp. 24-32 Commanor, W. S. (September 1986), "The Political Economy of the Pharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Economic Literature Conko, Gregory, A National Survey of Neurologists and Neurosurgeons Regarding the Food and Drug Administration, Monograph, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1998 Cooper, Joseph D., ed., The Economics of Drug Innovation, The American University, Washington, DC, 1969 ed., Regulation, Economics and Pharmaceutical Innovation, The American Uni-versity, Washington, DC, 1976 Crowner, Robert (15 May 2002), "Drug Pricing vs. Drug Development", Acton Commentary, Acton Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan Danzon, Patricia M. (April 1998), "Can Pharmaceutical Price Regulation and Innovation Co-Exist?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 24-27 (Spring 2000), "Making Sense of Drug Prices", Regulation, 23(1), pp. 56-63; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv23n1/danzon.pdf Pharmaceutical Price Regulation: National Policies Versus Global Interests, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996 Prices, Competition and Regulation in Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Comparison, Office of Health Economics, London, 2000 The Life Cycle of Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Perspective, Office of Health Economics, London, 2002 DeFalco, Julie, The FDA vs Reform, Monograph, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996 DiMasi, J. et al (1991), "Cost of Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Health Economics, 10, PP. 107-42 Doherty, Brian (nd), "Malignant Law Enforcement : The FDA's War Against an Unorthodox Cancer Doctor", Reason (Los Angeles), at: http://reason.com/9705/fe.brian.shtml Drummond, M. et al, Economic Evaluation in the Development of Medicines, Office of Health Economics, London, 1988 Dunn, Wayne (10 December 2002), "Capitalism is the Best Medicine", Capitalism Magazine, at: http://capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2180 Edmonds, Brad (15 November 2003), "The FDA Wants You To Tell It How To Tell You What To Do", LewRockwell.com, at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/edmonds/edmonds155.html Eisman, Martin M., et al, Economic Costs of FDA Regulations: A Set of Studies of Some Economic Effects of Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Human Pharmaceuticals, Symposia Series CS-10, Centre for Research in Government Policy & Business, Graduate School of Management, University of Rochester, 1981 Epstein, Alex (17 February 2005), "Drug Safety vs. the FDA", The Ayn Rand Institute (Irvine, Calif.), at: http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=10859 Esposito, Scott (25 November 2000), "Off-Label Prescribing of Drugs Calls FDA Role Into Question", Independent Institute, Oakland, California, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/001125Esposito.html Evans, M. Stanton (June 1975), "Government Can Be Hazardous to Your Health", Imprimis (Hillsdale College), 4(6), pp. 1-6 Fairweather, Diane B. & Hindmarch, Ian, False Economies: The True Cost of 'Cheap' Drugs, Risk Controversies 4, Social Affairs Unit, London, 1995 Foulkes, Arthur E. (March 2003), "Ton of Prevention: How the FDA Threatens Vaccine Supplies", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 53(3); at: http://www.fee.org/~web/0303iolpdf/feat8.pdf Frech, III, H. E. & Miller, Jr., Richard D., The Productivity of Health Care and Pharmaceuticals: An International Comparison, American Enterprise Institute Press, Washington, DC, 1999 Fumento, Michael (June 1995), "Sponge Bath: How the FDA Squeezes Women's Choices", Reason (Los Angeles), at: http://www.fumento.com/sponge.html (1997), "Kesslerâs Kids", at: http://www.fumento.com/bomis3.html Anorther example of FDA coercion and causeless alarmism. (1996), "FDA Screwing Around with Device Approval", at: http://www.fumento.com/fda.html (1996), "Profiting from Blasting Drug Company Profits", at: http://www.f umento.com/bomis22.html (May 29, 2000), "Prescription for Trouble ", Forbes (New York), at: http://www.fumento.com/drugs.html (25 September 2000), "Goring Drug Companies: A Plan That Doesn't Help the Elderly", National Review Online, at: http://www.fumento.com/gorecampaign.html (31 October 2001), "Bayer's Headache: U.S. Government Uses Heavy Hand For Cheap Cipro", Investor's Business Daily (New York), at: http://www.fumento.com/ibdhallow.html (June 3, 2004), "Drug Studies as Phony as Sugar Pills", Scripps Howard News Service, at: http://www.fumento.com/disease/medicine.html The above five essays demolish various campaign against drug companiesâ profits. FDA Screwing Around with Device Approval, Consumer Alert, nd, at: http://www.consumeralert.org/fumento/fdascrew.htm Profiting from Blasting Drug Company Profits, Consumer Alert, nd, at: http://www.consumeralert.org/fumento/drugs.htm Ghate, Onkar (24 July 2002), "Prescription Drug Benefits Violete the Rights of Drug Companies", Capitalism Magazine, at: http://capmag.com/article.asp?ID=2021 Also at: http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?JServSessionIdr008=94cm4szq31.app14b&p age=NewsArticle&id=5367&news_iv_ctrl=1073 Giaccotto, Carmelo et al, Explaining Pharmaceutical R&D Growth Rates, THE AEI-Brookings Joint Centre for Regulatory Studies, Washington, DC, 2004, at: http://aei-brookings.org/publications/abstract.php?pid=414 Gieringer, Dale H. (Spring/Summer 1985), "The Safety and Efficacy of New Drug Approval", Cato Journal, 5(1), pp. 177-201; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj5n1/cj5n1-10.pdf Consumer Choice and FDA Drug Regulation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Engineering-Economic Systems, Stanford University, California, 1984 Compassion vs. Control: FDA Investigational-Drug Regulation, Policy Analysis 72, Cato Institute, Washington, DC, 1986; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa072es.html Goldberg, Robert (1995), "Breaking Up the FDA's Medical Information Monopoly," Regulation (Cato Institute), No. 2, pp. 44-52 Pharmaceutical Price Controls: Saving Money Today or Lives Tomorrow?, Policy Report No. 123, Institute for Policy Innovation (http://www.ipi.org/), Lewisville, Texas, 1993 Speak No Good: The Tragedy of FDA Gag Rules, Brief Analysis No. 214, National Centre for Policy Analysis, Dallas, Texas, 1996 David Kessler's Legacy at the FDA, Policy Report No. 143, Institute for Policy Innovation (http://www.ipi.org/), Lewisville, Texas, 1997 Ten Myths About the Market for Prescription Drugs, Policy Report No. 230, National Centre for Policy Analysis, Dallas, Texas, 1999 et al, Symposium: Medical Progress and the FDA: Our Future in the Balance, Manhattan Institute, Washington, DC, June 3, 2002; at: http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/mics8.htm Gottlieb, Scott (1 December 2002), "FDA Rules Hinder Cancer Vaccines", On the Issues (American Enterprise Institute); at: http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.32,filter./pub_detail.asp Grabowski, Henry G., Drug Regulation and Innovation: Empirical Evidence and Policy Options, Evaluative Studies 28, American Enterprise Institute, Washing-ton, DC., 1976 Health Reform and Pharmaceutical Innovation, Special Studies in Health Reform, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1994 & Vernon, John M., (February 1977), "Consumer Protection Regulation in Ethical Drugs", American Economic Review (2000), "The Determinants of Pharmaceutical Research and Develpment Expenditures", Journal of Evolutionary Economics The Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: Balancing the Benefits and Risks, Studies No. 377, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1983 Graham, John R. (February 2001); "Pharmaceutical Potency", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute); at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/admin/books/chapterfiles/It%20Is%20Time%20 for%20Canada%20to%20Rethink%20its%20Ban%20on%20Direct-to-Consumer%20Adve rtising%20of%20Prescription%20Drugs-feb01ff(v8).pdf#8 (October 2001), "Saving Money With Generic Drugs", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 28-30 (March 2002), "Pharmaceutical Advertising is the Right Prescription Control", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 34-35 (September 2002), "Why the Difference Between Canadian and American Prices for Prescription Drugs Is Widening", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 32-34 (March 2003), "Increased Drug R&D Through Increased Promotion", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 28-29 (April 2003), "Drug Costs: Patents Are Not the Problem", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 28-29 (May 2003), "A National Drug Agency Will Not Contain Drug Costs", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 26-27 (October 2003), "Patents are Better than Prizes or Public Investment for Medical Innovation", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 24-26 Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States - Part 1: A Comparative Survey, Policy Source No. 42, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2000; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=160 Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States - Part 2: Why the Difference?, Policy Source No. 43, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2000; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=161 Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States - Part 3: Retail Price Distribution, Policy Source No. 50, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2001; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=202 Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States - Part 4: Canadian Prescriptions for American Patients Are Not the Solution, Policy Source No. 70, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2003; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=580 The Fantasy of Reference Pricing and the Promise of Choice in British Columbiaâs Pharmacare, Policy Source No. 66, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2002 Are Pharmaceutical Companies Hoodwinking Journalists?, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2003; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=526 Whoâs Afraid of Prescription Drug Advertising?, Fraser Institute, Vancouver, 2003; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=574 Green, David G. (1994), "The National Health Service Pharmaceuticals Market: Recent Prospective Reforms", Shulman, S. R. & Lasagna, Louis, eds., Pricing and Reimbursement of Pharmaceuticals: An Evaluation of Cost Containment Strategies: PharmacoEconomics Supplement, 6(Supplement 1), Adis International, 41 Centurian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Marranga Bay, Auckland 10, New Zealand, 1994, pp. 11-14 Medicines in the Marketplace: A Study of Safety Regulation and Price Control in the Supply of Prescription Medicines, Paper 1, IEA Health Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1987 & Lucas, David A., Medicard: A Better Way to Pay for Medicines?, Choice in Welfare 16, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1993. A critique of current British NHS practices on drug prescribing and a proposal for an alternative method. ed., Should Pharmaceutical Prices Be Regulated?: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the British Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme, Choice in Welfare No. 40, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, London, 1997 Grichar, Jim (19 May 2003), "Abolish the FDA!!", LewRockwell.com, at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/grichar/grichar17.html Griffin, John P., Cheap Prescribing: Can We Afford It? An Analysis of the Use of New Medicines by the National Health Service, The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, London, January 1995 Grubel, Herbert (February 2002), "Uniform Global Prices Mean Higher Prices for Drugs", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 4-5, 10; at: http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/admin/books/chapterfiles/Uniform%20Global% 20Prices%20Mean%20Higher%20Prices%20for%20Drugs-feb02ff.pdf#4 Haber, Jeffrey M. (June 1993), "The Effect of Regulating the Pharmaceutical Companies", The Reality Check, Westland, Michigan, No. 17, pp. 10-11 Halberstam, Michael J., Too Many Drugs?, Reprint 102, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1981 et al, Reforming Federal Drug Regulation, Roundtable, Centre for Health Policy Research, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1976 Hansen, Ronald (2000), "Pharmaceutical Research and Development: Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Industry", Feldman, Roger D., ed., American Health Care: Government, Market Process and the Public Interest, Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., pp. 269-84 Happold, F. H., Medicine at Risk: The High Price of Cheap Drugs, Queen Anne Press, London, 1967 Hara, Takuji, Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Process of Drug Discovery and Development, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 2002 Harris, MD, Steven B (1992), "The Right Lesson To Learn From Thalidomide", at: http://w3.aces.uiuc.edu:800/Liberty/Tales/Thalidomide.html Hartley, Keith & Maynard, Alan, The Costs and Benefits of Regulating New Product Deve-lopments in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Office of Health Economics, London, 1982 Hassett, Kevin (23 December 2004), "Study: Price Controls Harm Patients", TechCentralStation, at: http://www.techcentralstation.com/122204G.html Helms, Robert B., ed., Drug Development and Marketing, American Enterprise Institute, Washinton, DC, 1975 ed., The International Supply of Medicine: Implications of US Regulatory Reform, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1980 ed., Drugs and Health: Economic Issues and Policy Objectives, American Enter-prise Institute, Washington, DC, 1981 ed., Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996; information only at: http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,bookID.405/book_detail.asp Henderson, David R. & Hooper, Charles L. (3 January, 2005), "Clear Thinking About Vioxx: The Risk is Not What You Think", ReasonOnline, at: http://www.reason.com/hod/dh010305.shtml Higgs, Robert (1993), "Allocation of Risks Associated With Medical Goods: Government Regulation versus Market Processes", Journal of Private Enterprise, 9, pp. 59-69 (January 1994), "Should the Government Kill People to Protect Their Health?", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 44(1), pp. 13-17; at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=2838 And at: http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/healthcarewelfareor socialsecurity/govkillpeople.shtml (1994), "For Safety's Sake the Government Must Regulate the Market for Medical Products", Spanshe, Mark, ed., Cliches of Politics, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington on Hudson, New York, pp. 206-209. A critique of this view. (1994), "Banning a Risky Product Cannot Improve Any Consumer's Welfare (Properly Understood), with Applications to FDA Testing Requirements", Review of Austrian Economics, 7(2), pp. 3-20; at: http://www.mises.org/journals/rae/pdf/rae7_2_1.pdf (18 May 1995), "Public Health vs. Bureaucratic Self-Interest: Don't Trust the FDA to Reform Itself", Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/950518Higgs.html (10 August 1995), "Power Hungry FDA Is Hazardous to Our Health", Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/950810Higgs.html How FDA Is Causing a Technological Exodus: A Comparative Analysis of Medical Device Regulations - United States, Europe, Canada, and Japan, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1995 The US Food and Drug Administration: A Billy Club Is Not a Substitute for Eyeglasses, Conference Paper, Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., July, 2000 at: http://www.independent.org/tii/Presentations/HiggsFDASpeech.pdf ed., Hazardous to Our Health?: FDA Regulation of Health Care Products, Inde-pendent Institute, Oakland, California, 1995 Hiller, Stephanie (September 1994), "FDA and the Market in Natural Medicine", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 44(9); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=3000 Also at: http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/healthcarewelfareor socialsecurity/fdamarket.shtml Homsy, Charles A., How FDA Regulation and Injury Litigation Cripple the Medical Device Industry, Policy Review No. 412, Cato Institute, Washington, DC, 2001 Independent Institute, The, A Guide to Resources on Price Controls in Health Care, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/Research/GuideHealthCareIssues.html. An excellent website featuring much valuable material on the disastrous effects of attempts to impose price controls on medical services and products, especially pharmaceuticals. An Open Letter from 539 Economists from All 5:0 States on Health Care Policy Reform, Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., 2000; at http://www.independent.org/ A protest against President Clinton's proposals to impose price controls upon pharmaceuticals International Society for Individual Liberty, The, Death Through Regulation: The Price We Pay for the FDA, International Society for Individual Liberty, San Francisco, nd Jones, Laura (February 2002), "Can the Drug Approval Process be Reformed to Save Lives?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 14-16 Kaplar, Richard T., ed., Bad Prescription for the First Amendment: FDA Censorship of Drug Advertisng and Promotion, Media Institute, Washington, DC, 1993 Kazman, Sam (September 1990), "Deadly Overcaution: FDA's Drug Approval Pro-cess", Journal of Regulation and Social Cost, 1(1), pp. 35-54 (1992), "Saying Yes to Drugs", Policy Analysis, National Chamber Foundation, Washington, DC (23 April 1996), "Nailed by FDA", Washington Times; reprinted as a Monograph, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996 The Food and Drug Administration: A Modest Proposal, Consumer Alert, at: http://www.consumeralert.org/issues/health/fda_br.htm Cardiac and Cancer Specialists on the Need for FDA Reform, Monograph, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1998 Kinsky, Lynn (1970), "The Impact of FDA Regulation on Drug Research in America Today", Reason (Los Angeles), 2(9), pp. 6-12 Klein, Daniel B. (Spring 2000), "Policy Medicine Versus Policy Quackery: Economists Against the FDA", Knowledge, Technology, and Policy, 13, pp. 92â101 (30 August 2000), "Economists Against the FDA", The Independent Institute, Oakland, California, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/000900Klein.html (September 2000), "Economists Against the FDA", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 50(9); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=4725 Also at: http://www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/healthcarewelfareor socialsecurity/econoagainstfda.shtml & Tabarrok, Alexander (February 25, 2003), "Off-Label Drug Awareness Saves Lives", Independent Institute, Oakland, California, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/030225Tabarrok.html Do Off-Label Drug Practices Argue Against FDA Efficacy Requirements?: Testing An Argument by Structured Conversations With Experts, Working Paper No. 47, Independent Institute, Oakland, California, 16 April 2003; at: http://www.independent.org/tii/WorkingPapers/Klein.pdf To Americaâs Health: A Proposal to Reform the Food and Drug Administration, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, Calif., 2001 Kling, Arnold (19 August 2004), "Self-Righteous Prescription", TechCentralStation, at: http://www.techcentralstation.com/081904H.html A good critique of the socialist claptrap exponded by former New England Journal of Medicine Editor, Dr. Marcia Angell, in her book The Truth About the Drug Companies. Kogan, Richard Jay (14 December 1998), "Do Drugs Cost Too Much? Consider the Alternatives", Wall Street Journal (New York) Kraus, Michael, Breaking the FDA's Drug Approval Monopoly, Monograph, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1996 Landau, Richard, ed., Regulating New Drugs, Centre for Policy Study, University of Chica-go, 1973 Larson, Elizabeth (April 1992), "Unequal Treatment", Reason (Los Angeles), 23(11), pp. 48-50. On FDA restrictions on Alzheimer's treatments. Lasagna, Louis (Spring 1969), "Congress, the FDA and New Drug Development: Before and After 1962", Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 32, pp. 322-343 International Drug Regulation, Reprint 73, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1977 Lichtenberg, Frank R. (February 2003), "The Health and Economic Benefits of New Drugs", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 10-12 Lippert, Owen & McArthur, William (June 1997), "Drugs and Intellectual Property Rights", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 22-24 Looney, William, Drug Budgets: The Hidden Costs of Control, Centre for the New Europe, Zellik, Belgium, April 1996 Lucas, David (October 1993), "The Political Economy of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Profits, Production and Pricing Policy", Public Policy Review (London), 1(2), pp. 23- 24, 26-28 McArthur, Bill (1988), "Controlling Drug Costs", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 19-22. A shorter version of his paper below. (October 1998), "Does the Pharmaceutical Industry Produce Health and Econo-mic Benefits?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Insitute), pp. 24-25 (November 1998), "Are Brand Name Drugs Too Expensive?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 14-15 (March 1999), "Medical Research is a Matter of Economic Self Interest", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 32-33 Pharmaceutical Cost Containment: A Canadian Dilemma, Fraser Institute, Vancou-ver, 1997 Manning, Richard L. (April 1997), "Products Liability and Prescription Drug Prices in Canada and the United States", Journal of Law and Economics (University of Chicago), 40(1), pp. 203-43 Matthews Jr., Merrill (26 June 2000), "Want to Stifle Drug Innovation? Posture, Impose Price Controls", Investorâs Business Daily (7 October 2001), "Drug Companies: Saving Lives, Making Money", Capitalism Magazine, at: http://capmag.com/article.asp?ID=1134 Answering Critics of Pharmaceutical Patents, IPI Ideas No. 17, Institute for Policy Innovation, Lewisville, Texas, 2003, at: http://www.ipi.org/ Meehan, Jr., James W. (17 April 2001), "Drug Price Controls Will Hurt Consumers", Independent Institute, Oakland, California, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/010417Meehan.html Miller, MD, Henry I. (1998), "Failed FDA Reform", Regulation (Cato Institute), 21(3), pp. 24-30; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv21n3/v21n3-ftr2.pdf (November 2002), "Why It Takes a Village (To Afford a Prescription)", AEI-Brookings Joint Centre for Regulatory Studies (Washington, DC), Policy Matters 02-51; at: http://www.aei.brookings.org/policy/page.php?id=120 Policy Controversey in Biotechology: An Insiderâs View, Academic Press for R. G. Landes, Austin, Texas, 1997 To America's Health: A Proposal to Reform the Food and Drug Administration, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California, 2000. A good analysis of the deadly over-caution of the FDA, but weak in its reformist propsals. Pelzman, Sam (Spring 2001), "Millerâs Prescription", Reguation (Cato Institute), 24(1), pp. 56-57; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv24n1/inreview.pdf *** Miller, Roger L., Economic Issues for Consumers, West Publishing, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1975 Mitchell, Daniel (June 1992), "The Deadly Impact of Federal Regulations", Journal of Regulation and Social Costs Mitchell, Samuel A. & Link, Emery A., eds., Impact of Public Policy on Drug Innovation and Pricing, The American University, Washington, DC, 1976 Mitra, Barun (27 January 2005), "Mis-diagnosing the Disease of the Poor: Itâs Not Patents but the Government Hold on the Healthcare Sector that is Preventing the Poor from Gaining Access to Medicines", The Indian Express (New Delhi), at: http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?con tent_id=63547 Moore, Stephen D. (21 July 2000), "In Drug Cost Debate, Europe Offers US a Telling Side Effect", Wall Street Journal (New York) More, Max (May 1995), "Live Freely, Live Longer", The Freeman Foundation for Economic Education), 45(5); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=3167 Neal, Mark, Keeping Cures From Patients: The Perverse Effects of Pharmaceutical Regulations, Risk Controversies No. 6, Social Affairs Unit, London, 1995 Paul, MD, Representative Ron (24 July 2003), "Free Trade in Pharmaceuticals", LewRockwell.com, at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul115.html (5 August 2003), "Drug Reimportation Increases Medical Freedom", LewRockwell.com, at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul119.html Pearson, Durk & Shaw, Sandy (nd), "FDA TKO", Liberty (Port Townsend, Washington), at: http://www.libertysoft.com/liberty/features/72pearsonshaw.html An account of the authorsâ successful litigation against the FDA that forced it to redesign its unconstitutional restrictions on product labeling. Freedom of Informed Choice: FDA Versuis Nutrient Supplements, Common Sense Press, Neptune, New Jersey, 1993 Peltzman, Sam (1973), "The Benefits and Costs of New Drug Regulation", in Landau, Richard L., ed., Regulating New Drugs, University of Chicago Centre for Drug Policy, 1973, pp. 113-211 (September-October 1973), "An Evaluation of Consumer Protection Legislation: The 1962 Drug Amendments", Journal of Political Economy (University of Chicago), 81(5), pp. 1049-91; also reprinted in Landau (1973), op cit, above, pp. 9-20, and in Stigler, George J., ed., Chicago Studies in Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, 1988, pp. 303-48 (1987), "The Health Effects of Mandatory Prescriptions", Journal of Law and Economics, 30(2), pp. 207-38 Regulation of Pharmaceutical Innovation: The 1962 Amendments, Evaluative Studies 15, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1974 Pipes, Sally C. & Zycher, Benjamin (28 September 2004), "Where This Angell Should Have Feared to Tread", TechCentralStation, at: http://www.techcentralstation.com/092804D.html A further critique of the socialist claptrap exponded by former New England Journal of Medicine Editor, Dr. Marcia Angell, in her book The Truth About the Drug Companies. Pollard, Stephen (February 2003), "Pharamaceutical R&D Jeopardised in the EU", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 17-19 Plummer, James (May 2000), "FDA's Pediatric Rule Restricts Access to Medicine", Consumers' Research Magazine, at: http://www.consumeralert.org/pubs/research/CRMay00.htm Quirk, Paul J. (1980), "Food and Drug Administration", Wilson, James Q., ed., The Politics of Regulation, Basic Books, New York Ralston, Richard E. (September 19, 2003), "Free Markets: The Key to New Drugs at a Reasonable Price", Americans for Free Choice in Medicine, at: http://afcm.org/freemarketskey.html Redwood, Dr. Heinz, The Price of Health: The Link Between Research in the Pharmaceu-tical Industry and Health Care Systems in the Developed World, Adam Smith Institute, London, 1989. Deals with the detrimental effects of EU regulations on innovations in pharma-ceutical treatments. Reekie, W. Duncan (March 1978), "Price and Quality Competition in the United States Drug Industry", Journal of Industrial Economics, 26(3), pp. 223-237 (June 1984), "Drug Prices in the UK, USA, Europe and Australia", Australian Economic Papers, pp. 71-78 (1984), "Pharmaceutical Pricing and Profits", Wells, N., ed., The Second Pharmacological Revolution, Office of Health Economics, London, pp. 198-209 (1997), "Cartels, Spontaneous Price Discrimination and Pharmacy Retailing", International Journal of Economics and Business, 4; reprinted as Occasional Paper No. 9, Free Market Foundation, Cape Town, 2001 The Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Macmillan, London, 1975 Pricing New Pharmaceutical Products, Croom Helm, London, 1976 Price Comparisons of Identical Products in Japan, the United States and Eur-ope, Office of Health Economics, London, 1981 Prescribing the Price of Pharmaceuticals, Choice in Welfare 26, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1995 Medicine Prices and Innovations, Choice in Welfare Series No. 30, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1996 Competition Lowers the Costs of Medicines for Consumers, Briefing Paper 26, Free Market Foundation, P. O. Box 785121, 2146 Sandton, South Africa, 1997 Medicine Prices and Innovations: An International Survey, Choice in Welfare 30, IEA Health & Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1996 & Otzbrugger, Hans G., Competition and Home Medicines, Research Monograph 39, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1985. On the ineffectiveness of at-tempts to limit the British NHS drugs bill, and a call for the removal of restrictions on home medicines and their sale. & Weber, M., Profits, Politics and Drugs, Macmillan, London/Holmes & Meier, New York, 1979 Ricardo-Campbell, Rita, Drug Lag: Federal Government Decision Making, Study 55, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, California 94305, 1976 Risk-Benefit/Cost-Benefit: Improving Government Regulation of Approval of New Drugs, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California, 1980 Measurement of the Benefits of Drugs, Reprint Series 55, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California 94305, USA, 1982 Roberts, John (1966), "Economics and the Pharmaceutical Industry", The Business Economist (Society of Business Economists, Watford), 27(2), pp. 17-31 Roberts, Russell (September 1999), "A World Without the FDA", The Freeman (Foundation for Economic Education), 49(9); at: http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=4436 Roll, G. Frederick, Of Politics and Drug Regulation, PS-7701, Centre for the Study of Drug Development, Rochester, New York, 1977 Rose, Morgan (26 November 2001), "Patent Laws and the War on Good Drugs", Library of Economics and Liberty, Liberty Fund, at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/Teachers/patent.html Ross, Walter R., The Life/Death Ratio, Readerâs Digest Press, New York, 1977 Rubin, Paul H. (1991), "Economics of Prescription Drug Advertising", Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Economics, 3, pp. 29â41 (Winter 1991), "The Economics of Regulating Deception", Cato Journal,10, pp. 667â90; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj10n3/cj10n3-4.pdf (1994), "Do Pharmaceutical Ads Deceive?", Food and Drug Law Journal, 49, pp. 7â19 (1995), "FDA Advertising Restrictions: Ignorance Is Death", Higgs, Robert, ed., Hazardous to Our Health?: FDA Regulation of Health Care Products, Inde-pendent Institute, Oakland, California, pp. 29-53 (7 November 1995), "The Health Risk of Censorship: FDAâs Advertising Regulations Cost Lives!", Independent Institute, Oakland, California, at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/951107Rubin.html (27 June 2000), "The New England Journal of Medicine - To Whom Is It Accountable?", Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/000627Rubin.html An excellent brief critique of the economic illiteracy and statist proposals of Marcia Angell's "The Pharmaceutical Industry - To Whom Is It Accountable", in The New England Journal of Medicine. Ruwart, Mary J. (1992), "Protecting Ourselves to Death", Idem, Healing Our World: The Other Piece of the Puzzle, SunStar Press, Kalamazoo, Michigan, pp. 71-84 Death By Regulation: The Price We Pay for the FDA, International society for Individual Liberty, Benicial, Calif., 1990; rev edn, 1999; at::http://www.isil.org/resources/lit/death-regulation.html Scherer, F. M. (1993), "Pricing, Profits and Tchnological Progress in the Pharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7, pp. 97-115 (September/October 2001), "The Link Between Gross Profitability and Pharmaceutical R&D Spending", Health Affairs, pp. 216-220, at: http://www.healthaffairs.org/archives_library.htm Schlesinger, Stevern R. & Boitan, James J. (Fall 1978), "Regulatory Prohibition: The FDA as Omniscient Guardian", Intercollegiate Review (Intercollegiate Studies Institute), 14(1), pp. 43-50; and also at: http://www.mmisi.org/ir/14_01/schlesinger.pdf Stuge, R. B. (1969), "Regulation of Drug Advertising: Medical Progress and Private Enterprise", Havighurst, Clark C., ed., Medical Progress and the Law, Oceana Publications, Dobbs Ferry, New York Seidmann, David (July/August 1977), "The Politics of Policy Analysis: Protection or Overpro-tection in Drug Regulation?", Regulation (Cato Institute), pp. 22-37 Schwartzman, David, Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1973 The Expected Return From Pharmaceutical Research: Sources of New Drugs and the Profitability of Research and Development Investment, Evaluative Studies 19, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1975 Shulman, S. R. & Lasagna, Louis, eds., Pricing and Reimbursement of Pharmaceuticals: An Evaluation of Cost Containment Strategies: PharmacoEconomics Supplement, 6(Sup-plement 1), Adis International, 41 Centurian Drive, Private Bag 65901, Marranga Bay, Auckld 10, New Zealand, 1994 Skinner, Brett J., Generic Drugopoly: Why Non-Patented Prescription Drugs Cost More in Canada Than in the United States or Europe, Policy Sources No. 82, Fraser Instiute, Vancouver, 2005 Sobell, Russell S. (Winter 2002), "Public Health and the Placebo: The Legacy of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act", Cato Journal, 21(3), pp. 463-479; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj21n3/cj21n3-7.pdf and also at: http://www.independent.org/tii/WorkingPapers/placebo.html Sowell, Thomas (23 November 2001), "Drugs and Politics", TownHall.com; at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/thomassowell/ts20011123.shtml (31 July 2002), "Bad Medicine", TownHall.com, at: http://www.townhall.com/columnists/thomassowell/ts20020731.shtml (28 December 2004), "Free Lunch Safety, Part 1", Jewish World Review, at: http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell122804.asp (29 December 2004), "Free Lunch Safety, Part 2", Jewish World Review, at: http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell122904.asp Statman, Meir, Returns on Pharmaceutical Research and the Competitive Equi-librium, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC., 1982 Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Declining Profitability of Drug Innovation, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1983 Sussex, Jon & Marchant, Nick, eds., Risk and Return in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Office of Health Economics, London, 2000 Symposium, Costs and Benefits of Pharmaceutical Research, Office of Health Economics, London, July 1987 Innovative Competition in Medicine, Office of Health Economics, London, Dep-tember 1992 Industrial Policy and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Office of Health Economics, London, January 1996 Tabarrok, Alex (22 May 2000), "Drug Price Controls: A 'Cure' Worse Than the Disease", Independent Institute, Oakland, Calif., at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/000522Tabarrok.html (Summer 2000), "Assessing the FDA via the Anomaly of Off-Label Drug Prescribing", Independent Review, 5(1), pp. 25-53; at: http://www.independent.org/tii/media/pdf/tir51_tabarrok.pdf (22 August 2001), "Excess FDA Caution Threatens Health", Providence Journal (Rhode Island); reprinted at: http://www.independent.org/tii/news/010823Tabarrok.html Tabler, Tanya (October 2002), "Prescription Price: Does the Payer Matter?", Fraser Forum (Fraser Institute), pp. 18-19 Teeling-Smith, George, A Question of Balance: The Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Office of Health Economics, London, 1980 The Future for Pharmaceuticals: The Potential, the Pattern and the Problems, Office of Health Economics, London, 1983 Costs and Benefits of Pharmaceutical Research, Office of Health Economics, London, 1987 ed., The Pharmaceutical Industry and Society, Office of Health Economics, London, 1972 Innovation and Competition in Medicine: A Schumpeterian Analysis of the Pharmaceu-tical Industry and the NHS, Office of Health Economics, London, 1992 Temin, Peter, Taking Your Medicine: Drug Regulation in the United States, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1980. A good analysis, but with poor policy proposals. Telser, Lester G. et al (October 1975), "The Theory of Supply With Applications to the Ethical Pharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Law and Economics (University of Chicago), XVIII(2), pp. 449-478 Thomas, III, L. G., The Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry: The New Drug Lag and the Failure of Industrial Policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Gloucesteshire, 2001 Tollison, Robert D. (1996), "Institutional Alternatives for the Regulation of Drugs and Medical Devices", Epstein, Ralph, ed., Advancing Medical Innovation: Health, Safety, and the Role of Government in the 21st Century, Progress and Freedom Foundation, Washington, DC, pp. 17-40 (January 1998), "Speeding Drug Approvals, Safely, Privately", Consumerâs Research (New York; http://www.acsh.org) Tracinski, Robert W. (nd, 2000?), "Don't Let Medicare Destroy the Drug Industry", MediaLink, The Ayn Rand Institute, Marina Del Rey, Calif., at: http://aynrand.org/medialink/drug-industry.shtml (27 August 2001), "Brazil's War on Profits and Lives", Ayn Rand Institute, at: http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?JServSessionIdr008=94cm4szq31.app14b&p age=NewsArticle&id=7379&news_iv_ctrl=1073 Troy, Daniel E. (23 July 1999), "FDA Censorship Could Cost Lives", On the Issues (American Enterprise Institute); at: http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.10610,filter./pub_detail.asp Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, The, Research Bibliography, at: http://csdd.tufts.edu/InfoServices/PublicationsResults.asp Currently contains more than 400 articles authored by research professionals associated with the Centre. Backgrounder: A Methodology for Countng Costs for Pharmaceutical R&D, Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University, Boston, 2001; at: http://csdd.tufts.edu/NewsEvents/RecentNews.asp?newsid=5 Vernon, John A. (Winter 2002-2003), "Drug Research and Price Controls", Regulation (Cato Institute), 25(4), pp. 22-25; at: http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv25n4/v25n4-7.pdf Viscusi, W. Kip. (1996), "Regulatory Reform and Liability for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices," Epstein, Ralph, ed., Advancing Medical Innovation: Health, Safety, and the Role of Government in the 21st Century, Progress and Freedom Foundation, Washington, DC, pp. 79-102. Ward, Michael R. (Fall 1992), "Drug Approval Overregulation", Regulation (Cato Institute), 15(4), pp. 47-53 Wardell, William (1973), "Introduction of New Therapeutic Drugs in the United States and Grest Britain: An Institutional Comparison", Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 14(5), pp. 773-779 (January 1974), "Therapeutic Implications of the Drug Lag", Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, pp. 73-96 (1978), "The Drug Lag Revisited: Comparisons by Therapeutic Area of Patterns of Drugs Marketed in the U.S. and Great Britain from 1972 through 1976", Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 24, pp. 499â524 (September/October 1979), "More Regulation or Better Therapies?", Regulation (Cato Insti-tute), 3(5), pp. 25-33 ed., Controlling the Use of Therapeutic Drugs: An International Comparison, Studies In Health Policy, Studies 178, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1978 & Lasagna, Louis, Regulation and Drug Development, Evaluative Studies 21, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, 1975 Wasley, Terree, The Impact of Price Regulation on the Pharmaceutical Industry, Competi-tive Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, March 1993 Weidenbaum, Murray (Summer 1993), "Are Drug Prices Too High?", The Public Interest (New York), pp. 84â89 Restraining Medicine Prices: Controls vs. Competition, Centre for the Study of American Business, St. Louis, 1993 Weimer, David Leo (1982), "Safe - and Available - Drugs", in Poole, Jr., Robert W., Instead of Regulation: Alternatives to Federal Regulatory Agencies, Lexington Books, D. C. Heath, Lexington, Mass., pp. 239-83 Weiner, Murray (1980), "Should the Public Have the Legal Right to Use Unproven Remedies: Yes", Lasagna, Louis, ed., Controversies in Therapeutics, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia Wells, Nicholas, Pharmaceutical Innovation: Recent Trends, Future Prospects, Office of Health Economics, London, 1983 Innovative Chemical Extensions: The Economic Basis of Pharmaceutical Progress, Office of Health Economics, London, 1992 Young, Peter, European Pharmaceutical Policies, Adam Smith Institute, London, 1990. On the threat of EU licensing regulations to the British pharmaceutical industry. ENDS Dr. Chris R. Tame, Director The Libertarian Alliance Suite 35 2 Lansdowne Row Mayfair London W1J 6HL Tel: 0870 2421712 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] LA Web Site: http://www.libertarian.co.uk Free Life Web Site: http://www.libertarian.co.uk/freelife The Hampden Press Website: http://www.hampdenpress.co.uk LA Forum: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/libertarian-alliance-forum "The secret of Happiness is Freedom, and the secret of Freedom is Courage". Pericles' Funeral Oration (431BC) _______________________________________________ Libnw mailing list [email protected] List info and subscriber options: http://immosys.com/mailman/listinfo/libnw Archives: http://immosys.com/mailman//pipermail/libnw
