Hi all, One (longer-term) solution is to identify ways to increase the birth rate. WBUR shared this story a couple of days ago about a particular city in Japan that has implemented specific programs to help families with children, and has a higher birth rate than the country overall (while simultaneously growing in population, which is attributed to these programs in the interview): https://www.npr.org/2023/06/12/1181638613/japan-announces-plan-to-address-a-national-crisis-its-low-birthrate
Best, Katy On Wed, Jun 14, 2023 at 8:11 AM Michelle Barnes via Lincoln < [email protected]> wrote: > Hi Lincoln Talk, > > Since some of the recent debates about hiring people for our school > administration were pointing to declining enrollment in Lincoln, I thought > I’d pass along this article (below) that discusses how it seems to be a > nation-wide phenomenon. Just for our collective general education on the > topic. > > The article doesn’t point to any examples of good policies to address the > issue aside from regionalizing schools which has some issues too. Does > anyone know how other countries with declining numbers of school-age > children, Japan perhaps or others, have successfully addressed the issue? I > presume in some cases the answer is that they have a “federal” versus local > approach, so that the administrative costs are spread over a larger pool of > tax payers than occurs in highly localized schooling, and maybe Japan isn’t > a good example for trying to do this within the existing localized US > model as maybe it has that approach. Just wondering if there are any good > solutions to this problem in the absence of increasing economies of scale > by banding together districts more regionally or even nationally. None come > to my mind, but this isn’t an area I have expertise on, which is why I’m > asking you all! 😊🙏 > > For transparency’s sake, I have long been a proponent of having a more > national approach to the funding and administration of public schooling for > both equity and economies of scale reasons, but I’m not trying to open that > debate here. I am just wondering if there have been any solutions we can > learn from that largely operate within the localized model we have in the > US. It is likely an uphill battle due to the economies of scale piece, > especially for poorer districts, but since this article doesn’t seem to > point to any US examples aside from breaking the local control model by > banding together regionally, I wondered if there were international ones > (or national ones the article misses). It seems at some level to keep local > control in the face of significant declining enrollments likely would have > to involve a redistribution (a cross subsidy) from richer districts to > poorer ones to avoid dire outcomes for poorer districts unless we accept > that poorer districts would just have to lose (at least some of) their > local control and band together in more regional models? > > Related, has anyone come up with a governance model for a federal > education system that gives local districts voting power or at least some > semblance of having a voice, input and vote? Or a federal system which has > a basic education delivery system for all but has some flexibility built in > for more localized features that are desired? > > Just wondering, since good education for all children is so important for > a well-functioning and civil democracy. In other words, it benefits all of > us in our nation to have all children in our country well educated, and not > just those of us in our town. In the context of a big negative shock to our > education system such as declining enrollment (evidently due to > demographics), this seems like a very important policy issue to me. > > Thank you, > Michelle Barnes > South Great Road > > > Sent from Yahoo Mail for iPhone > <https://mail.onelink.me/107872968?pid=nativeplacement&c=Global_Acquisition_YMktg_315_Internal_EmailSignature&af_sub1=Acquisition&af_sub2=Global_YMktg&af_sub3=&af_sub4=100000604&af_sub5=EmailSignature__Static_> > > Begin forwarded message: > > On Wednesday, June 14, 2023, 6:00 AM, Jessica Grose <[email protected]> > wrote: > > That’s a problem. > All newsletters > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/1zdVTIYI0aV-ar_4kTqcyg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0S9aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vbmV3c2xldHRlcnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > Read > online > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/yOYunuYIpreg_AurYC91YQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QrAWh0dHBzOi8vbWVzc2FnaW5nLWN1c3RvbS1uZXdzbGV0dGVycy5ueXRpbWVzLmNvbS90ZW1wbGF0ZS9vYWt2Mj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcHJvZHVjdENvZGU9UFRHJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1cmk9bnl0JTNBJTJGJTJGbmV3c2xldHRlciUyRjRmZmUzMTRlLWQ1NjctNTM3OS1hOWY3LWIyY2E2YTI3NDlmNCZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > [image: New York Times logo] > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/UDTmbYEAmENCeZpooaHcVQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L2plc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2Utb24tcGFyZW50aW5nLW5ld3NsZXR0ZXI_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > [image: Jessica Grose] > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/UDTmbYEAmENCeZpooaHcVQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vc3BvdGxpZ2h0L2plc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2Utb24tcGFyZW50aW5nLW5ld3NsZXR0ZXI_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > For subscribers June 14, 2023 > Continue reading the main story > <#m_3822872626605810853_a11y-skip-ad-supported-by> > SUPPORTED BY Simon Kids > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/enTeJ4oTR1Mrq6EeB31Q9Q~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4RWAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnNpbW9uYW5kc2NodXN0ZXIuY29tL2Jvb2tzL091ci1Qb29sL0x1Y3ktUnV0aC1DdW1taW5zLzk3ODE1MzQ0OTkyMzI_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2JnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1vdXJfcG9vbF9hZCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1ueXRwYXJlbnRpbmcmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1hdGhlbmV1bV9kaXNwbGF5X2FkJnV0bV9zb3VyY2U9bnlfdGltZXNfZG90X2NvbVcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > Eleanor Davis > The negative effects of declining enrollment could layer over pandemic-era > harms > [image: Author Headshot] > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/j4HyntCZUOkHlPgEag7qDA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TCaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvamVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > > By Jessica Grose > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/j4HyntCZUOkHlPgEag7qDA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TCaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vYnkvamVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > > Opinion Writer > > The number of school-age children in America is declining > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/YGPTbNKvQRC6wDuflEe-hw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXhpb3MuY29tLzIwMjMvMDEvMDgvcHVibGljLXNjaG9vbC1lbnJvbGxtZW50LWRlY2xpbmU_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA>. > At least one reason is the falling > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/ZDuhOqcaNikgvHvDdFPJeQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TIaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2RjLmdvdi9uY2hzL2RhdGEvdnNyci92c3JyMDI4LnBkZj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > birthrate after the Great Recession. And declining university enrollment > based on a lower school-age population — which has been described as a > “demographic > cliff > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/Qh2zoM8OH994V300v4M4QQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T7aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2hyb25pY2xlLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlL3dpbGwteW91ci1jb2xsZWdlLXN1cnZpdmUtdGhlLWRlbW9ncmFwaGljLWNsaWZmP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZjaWQ9Z2VuX3NpZ25faW4mZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>” > — is something that some colleges are already grappling with > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/zJrVMfBbXr1jyXhEEeRZhw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudm94LmNvbS90aGUtaGlnaGxpZ2h0LzIzNDI4MTY2L2NvbGxlZ2UtZW5yb2xsbWVudC1wb3B1bGF0aW9uLWVkdWNhdGlvbi1jcmFzaD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > . > > K-12 public school systems around the country are facing a similar > demographic reality. Declining enrollment hit cities like Chicago > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/TR14R6U7wiZGW2OJeDUUgg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QXAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNzbW9uaXRvci5jb20vVVNBL0VkdWNhdGlvbi8yMDEzLzAzMjEvQ2hpY2Fnby1zLXByb3Bvc2VkLXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zaW5ncy1jYWxsZWQtdW5mYWlyLXRvLWNpdHktcy1wb29yZXN0LXN0dWRlbnRzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > and states like Michigan > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/uRTpdb236MdSclmfG4pjAg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T0aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlY2VudGVyc3F1YXJlLmNvbS9taWNoaWdhbi9hcnRpY2xlXzhkZTRkYTgyLTI3YTEtMTFlZC1hYjY1LTFiZTZjOWZmNjc5OC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > before Covid, and the pandemic hit many other school systems — > Philadelphia > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/R1aKJNgfgui0PNZNfGn04g~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QbAWh0dHBzOi8vcGhpbGFkZWxwaGlhLmNoYWxrYmVhdC5vcmcvMjAyMi81LzQvMjMwNTc4MjAvcGhpbGx5LWNpdHktY291bmNpbC1xdWVzdGlvbi1wcm9qZWN0aW9uLWRlY2xpbmluZy1lbnJvbGxtZW50LXNjaG9vbC1jbG9zdXJlcz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>, > New York City > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/l1YBgeWJeWd5tia-bmHmOg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4RXAWh0dHBzOi8vbnkuY2hhbGtiZWF0Lm9yZy8yMDIzLzUvOC8yMzcxNTkzMS9ueWMtZW5yb2xsbWVudC1mYWlyLXN0dWRlbnQtZnVuZGluZy1mb3JtdWxhLXBhbmRlbWljLWJ1ZGdldD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDYjOn46dGV4dD1Qcm9qZWN0ZWQlMjBlbnJvbGxtZW50JTIwaXMlMjBleHBlY3RlZCUyMHRvLDYlMjUlMjBkcm9wJTIwdGhlJTIweWVhciUyMGJlZm9yZS5XA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>, > Seattle > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/qICKWoiNkvtdzz3t1zvKiw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4RoAWh0dHBzOi8va29tb25ld3MuY29tL25ld3MvbG9jYWwvc2VhdHRsZS1wdWJsaWMtc2Nob29scy1lbnJvbGxtZW50LWRyb3AtZWR1Y2F0aW9uLXBhcmVudHMtc3R1ZGVudHMtYm9hcmQtZnVuZGluZy1zdGFmZi10ZWFjaGVyLXdvcnJ5LWRlY3JlYXNlLXRyZW5kLXByaXZhdGUtcHVibGljLXdhc2hpbmd0b24tc3RhdGUta2luZy1jb3VudHktc3BlY2lhbC1tZWV0aW5nP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > and several districts in the Boston suburbs > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/YgN52mOacRnpg18JM8Fwew~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QaAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmJvc3Rvbmdsb2JlLmNvbS8yMDIyLzA3LzI4L21ldHJvL3B1YmxpYy1zY2hvb2wtZW5yb2xsbWVudC1mYWxscy1tYXNzLWFtaWQtcGFuZGVtaWMtaGlnaC1ob3VzaW5nLWNvc3RzLWFnaW5nLXN1YnVyYnMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > — like a wrecking ball. As The Times’s Shawn Hubler reported > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/70bS7OYqsi0rdFsI8PcJFw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNS8xNy91cy9wdWJsaWMtc2Nob29scy1mYWxsaW5nLWVucm9sbG1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > in May, “All together America’s public schools have lost at least 1.2 > million students since 2020,” according to a survey > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/OQGHgDjYXs_SMrxS5E8pyA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TaaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmV0dXJudG9sZWFybnRyYWNrZXIubmV0LzIwMjAtMjItZW5yb2xsbWVudC1jaGFuZ2VzLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > from the right-leaning American Enterprise Institute. > > And the discussion around the more recent downtrend may have obscured > demographic changes that were developing before the pandemic: According > to analysis > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/BXfHTDSzEzwmag210EgxDQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly90b20tZGVlLmdpdGh1Yi5pby9maWxlcy9FZFdlZWtDb21tZW50YXJ5X0RlZV8yMDIyMTEwMi5wZGY_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > by Thomas Dee, a professor at Stanford’s Graduate School of Education, “the > population of school-age children in the United States, those 5 to 17 years > old, actually fell by over a quarter million” during the pandemic, > suggesting that “some of the enrollment loss during the pandemic simply > reflects declining birth and immigration rates rather than an active choice > not to attend public schools” — after all, today’s school-age children were > born before 2020. > > While the school district in Florida’s Orange County, home to Orlando > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/p5CZB-JsySsxzWJELjnK3g~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QYAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNsaWNrb3JsYW5kby5jb20vbmV3cy9sb2NhbC8yMDIyLzA4LzA0L29yYW5nZS1jb3VudHktb3BlbnMtNS1uZXctcmVsaWVmLXNjaG9vbHMtd2l0aC1tb3JlLXBsYW5uZWQtaW4tY29taW5nLXllYXJzLz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>, > is expanding, the trends aren’t uniform throughout the state — Pinellas > County in the Tampa Bay area saw an enrollment decline approaching 5 > percent > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/hp4UNB_KSigJ26YNYolXEQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T8aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYml6am91cm5hbHMuY29tL3RhbXBhYmF5L25ld3MvMjAyMi8wNi8wNi90YW1wYS1iYXktc2Nob29scy1lbnJvbGxtZW50LWRyb3BzLXJpc2VzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > from 2020 to 2022. Even in states like Arizona, where there’s been overall > population growth in recent years, enrollment has remained below > prepandemic numbers > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/-LH0hY3DIydZYPi23o-i5A~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QpAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmF6Y2VudHJhbC5jb20vc3RvcnkvbmV3cy9sb2NhbC9hcml6b25hLWVkdWNhdGlvbi8yMDIyLzAzLzA0L2FyaXpvbmEtc2Nob29scy1zZWUtaGlnaGVyLWVucm9sbG1lbnQtbnVtYmVycy1hY2FkZW1pYy15ZWFyLzkzODAwNjUwMDIvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~>, > and rural schools in the state have been struggling > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/oYB8QmJmohT9a4zSyIpLMQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QuAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmF6Y2VudHJhbC5jb20vc3RvcnkvbmV3cy9sb2NhbC9hcml6b25hLWVkdWNhdGlvbi8yMDE5LzA2LzEyL2FyaXpvbmEtcnVyYWwtc2Nob29scy1mYWNlLWJ1ZGdldC1zaG9ydGZhbGwtZGVjbGluaW5nLWVucm9sbG1lbnQvMTI3NTQ4NzAwMS8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > for several years. > > In some places, wealthier suburbs, long seen as desirable public school > destinations for families, aren’t immune — the tony Grosse Pointe, Mich., has > seen a significant enrollment decline since 2010 > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/Okw3eWxSri3i77_XkIGLLw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TbaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ3Jvc3NlcG9pbnRlbmV3cy5jb20vYXJ0aWNsZXMvZW5yb2xsbWVudC1mYWxscy1hZ2Fpbi8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > . > > If declining enrollment is a reality for many of the country’s K-12 public > schools, what might the future look like, and how should states and local > districts prepare? Right now, there aren’t a lot of great answers to those > questions. > > I talked to Bryan Alexander, the author of “Academia Next: The Futures of > Higher Education,” who said that we’ll likely see efforts in various > jurisdictions to “reduce overhead,” which often looks like closing and > consolidating schools — even districts. With the caveat that because of > local control, different states, counties and municipalities are run > differently, Alexander pointed to Vermont as a harbinger of what’s to come. > > In 2015, Vermont passed Act 46, which, Vermont Public radio reported > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/DpUodL8Ngv6I_8AqT1GBTw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QhAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnZlcm1vbnRwdWJsaWMub3JnL3Zwci1uZXdzLzIwMjEtMDgtMzAvcmVwb3J0ZXItZGVicmllZi1hY3QtNDYtdm90ZXMtaW4tYWRkaXNvbi1jb3VudHktc2lnbmFsLWxhcmdlci1xdWVzdGlvbnMtYWJvdXQtdGhlLWxhdz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>, > “is designed to make education more equitable and sustainable in the face > of declining enrollment — by consolidating school administration.” The > first phase of the law’s implementation allowed districts to voluntarily > consolidate and offered incentives to do so, > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/Tp_Llp6ZeeA4Fyx0FqCfBw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0ThaHR0cHM6Ly9lZHVjYXRpb24udmVybW9udC5nb3YvdmVybW9udC1zY2hvb2xzL3NjaG9vbC1nb3Zlcm5hbmNlL29wdGlvbnM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > like > merger support grants > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/A9Ol6_81JPvtoaW7LBbQLw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QYAWh0dHBzOi8vZWR1Y2F0aW9uLnZlcm1vbnQuZ292L3NpdGVzL2FvZS9maWxlcy9kb2N1bWVudHMvZWR1LWdvdmVybmFuY2UtdGltZWxpbmUtd2l0aC1jcml0ZXJpYS1hbmQtaW5jZW50aXZlcy1wcm90ZWN0aW9uc18wLnBkZj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > and the potential of a temporary homestead property tax reduction. But it > later “allowed the State Board of Education to order involuntary mergers,” > the Burlington Free Press explained > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/C8Tbz2Y1IXdxVsUOd7KIvw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QEAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmJ1cmxpbmd0b25mcmVlcHJlc3MuY29tL3N0b3J5L25ld3MvMjAyMC8wNy8xMC92ZXJtb250LXN1cHJlbWUtY291cnQtc2Nob29sLW1lcmdlcnMvNTQxODI0MzAwMi8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > . > > Heather Bouchey, Vermont’s interim education secretary, told me that the > goal was to create economies of scale for districts that were losing both > their tax bases and their school-age population. When enrollment declines > too drastically without consolidation, she said, “the services available to > those students who are at the school, the extracurricular activities that > are available,” get cut. > > At the same time, said Ted Fisher, the director of communications and > legislative affairs for the Vermont Agency of Education, while there are > parts of the state with too many school buildings that are expensive to > maintain, he knows there’s tension for individual towns and villages. “It’s > really hard to tell a community you might be better off if you and your > neighbors in another small town operated one school,” he said. “That’s a > really hard local conversation to have.” > > That tension has played out > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/XvneTHy4OdayyLSlsiw2tg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QcAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnZlcm1vbnRwdWJsaWMub3JnL3Zwci1uZXdzLzIwMTktMDUtMjIvYWZ0ZXItbW9udGhzLW9mLWZpZ2h0aW5nLWFjdC00Ni1tZXJnZXJzLXRvd25zLW1vdmUtYWhlYWQtd2l0aC1ib2FyZC1idWRnZXQtdm90ZXM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > in a variety of ways since Act 46 was passed. For example, in 2021, two > towns in Addison County, Lincoln and Ripton, voted to withdraw from > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/kQTjcgOJMZD2wdQ2vUPpJg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QOAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnZlcm1vbnRwdWJsaWMub3JnL2xvY2FsLW5ld3MvMjAyMi0wOC0xOS90d28tYWRkaXNvbi1jb3VudHktdG93bnMtaW4tbGltYm8tb3Zlci1zY2hvb2wtbWVyZ2VyLXdpdGhkcmF3YWxzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > consolidated school districts. The story is a bit wonky and complicated, > but as the Vermont Public reporters Anna Van Dine and Abagael Giles put it, > it ultimately boils down to small towns wanting to keep control of their > local schools, no matter how tiny, because “having a local school gives > people a reason to be a community, and not just a town.” > > Chicago, which closed a bunch of public schools a decade ago with the > rationale that they were underperforming and underenrolled, is dealing with > some of the same issues as Vermont, but in a very different context. WBEZ > and The Chicago Sun-Times recently published a pretty devastating analysis > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/xJyQXoJXLxg0L2Bc31HbMA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly9ncmFwaGljcy5zdW50aW1lcy5jb20vZWR1Y2F0aW9uLzIwMjMvY2hpY2Fnb3MtNTAtY2xvc2VkLXNjaG9vbHMvP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > of the impact of the closure of those schools, assessing that when > officials closed them, they made “three core promises”: “Students would be > better off after their schools were closed”; “Their new schools would be > transformed”; and “Former school buildings would be reborn as community > assets.” Instead, WBEZ and The Sun-Times’s reporting found that “these > promises largely have never been realized. And city and school leaders > haven’t tracked the outcomes.” > > In essence, the majority Black neighborhoods where these schools were > closed had lost more population between 2013 and 2018 than majority Black > neighborhoods that did not close schools (a 9.2 percent versus 3.2 percent > decline). The cost savings of closing schools turned out not to be all it > was cracked up to be, and the schools that remained open and absorbed the > children from the closed schools — schools that were supposed to be better > supported — got a short-term resource infusion but are now > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/22J_5zjD6EuC6OZkTAP3_w~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QvAWh0dHBzOi8vZ3JhcGhpY3Muc3VudGltZXMuY29tL2VkdWNhdGlvbi8yMDIzL2NoaWNhZ29zLTUwLWNsb3NlZC1zY2hvb2xzL3dlbGNvbWluZy1zY2hvb2xzLz9fZ2E9Mi4yNTYyNzQxMjMuMTU4MDMyMDYxNC4xNjg1Mjk5OTU2LTU2NjQ4Mzc5My4xNjcyNzYyNjE5JmNhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > “just like any other school in Chicago — at the mercy of enrollment swings > and budget constraints.” > > Chicago’s new mayor, Brandon Johnson, is a former teacher and teacher’s > union organizer > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/07cU_7dUbHZohCX33OmoqA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QkAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBicy5vcmcvbmV3c2hvdXIvcG9saXRpY3MvYnJhbmRvbi1qb2huc29uLXVuaW9uLW9yZ2FuaXplci1hbmQtZm9ybWVyLXRlYWNoZXItZWxlY3RlZC1jaGljYWdvLW1heW9yLWluLXZpY3RvcnktZm9yLXByb2dyZXNzaXZlcz9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>. > He campaigned on > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/MeJRGRH9BbFSCP8-7tIgew~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TMaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnJhbmRvbmZvcmNoaWNhZ28uY29tL2lzc3Vlcy9lZHVjYXRpb24_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > overhauling the Chicago Public Schools funding formula, which currently > allocates funds on a per-student basis > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/_TTaSwsRWs3wIm6XatYtxA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QEAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmNwcy5lZHUvZ2xvYmFsYXNzZXRzL2Nwcy1wYWdlcy9hYm91dC1jcHMvZmluYW5jZS9idWRnZXQvYnVkZ2V0LTIwMjMvZG9jcy9hcHBlbmRpeC1iLWZ5MjAyMy5wZGY_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA>. > He opposes > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/5jHzqitdbShnwatXNLUf1w~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QiAWh0dHBzOi8vY2hpY2Fnby5jaGFsa2JlYXQub3JnLzIwMjMvMy8yOC8yMzY2MDY5My9jaGljYWdvLW1heW9yLTIwMjMtZWxlY3Rpb24tcnVub2ZmLXB1YmxpYy1zY2hvb2xzLWVkdWNhdGlvbi1icmFuZG9uLWpvaG5zb24tcGF1bC12YWxsYXM_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > closing smaller schools. > > Instead of closing smaller schools, Nader Issa, Lauren FitzPatrick and > Sarah Karp report > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/ihhkgob7-ZxogJAJZC_oBg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TwaHR0cHM6Ly9ncmFwaGljcy5zdW50aW1lcy5jb20vZWR1Y2F0aW9uLzIwMjMvY2hpY2Fnb3MtNTAtY2xvc2VkLXNjaG9vbHMvbG9va2luZy1haGVhZC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > in The Sun-Times, experts recommend allowing some schools to remain small > but create their curriculums “with more intentional educational models” and > more input from communities. “That might mean a projects-based curriculum > with a teaching staff built for that purpose. Or sharing art, music and > sports teams among schools in close proximity.” > > The rub, of course, is that small schools can be expensive to maintain. > Individual schools need their own administrations and facilities, and the > fewer students a school serves, the higher that cost is per pupil. > Additionally, some areas of the country > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/rChd8UyQJ3mIFn6gaQmYow~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T4aHR0cHM6Ly9hYmNuZXdzLmdvLmNvbS9VUy9tYXAtc2hvd3MtdXMtc3RhdGVzLWRlYWxpbmctdGVhY2hpbmctc2hvcnRhZ2UtZGF0YS9zdG9yeT9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0JmlkPTk2NzUyNjMyJmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > and some academic disciplines > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/oR5GHomkMs2nax3cX0o9iQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TPaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXBpLm9yZy9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9zaG9ydGFnZS1vZi10ZWFjaGVycy8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > are facing teacher shortages. Beyond that, schools across the country are > about to face another kind of cliff: Pandemic relief funding is winding > down, leaving many districts with a budget crunch > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/6xpsSs4Tk4xQTk9fY8kiqw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T2aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2FzaGluZ3RvbnBvc3QuY29tL2VkdWNhdGlvbi8yMDIzLzA0LzE4L3NjaG9vbHMtY292aWQtcmVsaWVmLXNwZW5kaW5nLWFmdGVybWF0aC8_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2VwNueXRCCmR41o-JZMDN-7pSEWxhX3Zpc2VAeWFob28uY29tWAQAAAAA> > . > > I asked Dee, the Stanford economist, if there were any states, cities or > districts that had dealt with declining enrollment in an inspiring way. He > said that “no one comes to mind as an exemplar,” which is why it can be “a > bit of a downer” to work in education policy. As he pointed out, in K-12 > education we’re still dealing with the fallout of the pandemic — we’re > still seeing some children struggle with mental health, chronic > absenteeism is up > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/WSPQOHAi_I8ZJLg-FUsuDw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4REAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm5wci5vcmcvMjAyMy8wMy8wMi8xMTYwMzU4MDk5L3NjaG9vbC1hdHRlbmRhbmNlLWNocm9uaWMtYWJzZW50ZWVpc20tY292aWQ_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2Izp-OnRleHQ9QmVmb3JlJTIwdGhlJTIwcGFuZGVtaWMlMkMlMjBhYm91dCUyMDgsZG91YmxlZCUyMHRvJTIwYXJvdW5kJTIwMTYlMjBtaWxsaW9uLlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > and some children are developmentally behind. Declining school enrollment, > then, is potentially another “layer on top of the already substantial > educational harm” America’s children are experiencing, he said. > > Unsurprisingly, kids who are already vulnerable, who have the least amount > of choice, will have the most to lose as we face a future with fewer > children enrolled in public schools. I worry that with graying populations, > even in states that are supportive of public education, voters will turn > against major funding initiatives. Vermont does offer some hope on this > front: Earlier this year > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/vyQNe0mRcRVcRFJHRfxAMg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QvAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnZlcm1vbnRwdWJsaWMub3JnL2xvY2FsLW5ld3MvMjAyMy0wMy0wOC9zY2hvb2wtYnVkZ2V0cy1zYWlsLW9uLXRvd24tbWVldGluZy1kYXktd2l0aC1tb3JlLXNwZW5kaW5nLWRyaXZlbi1ieS1zdHVkZW50cy1tZW50YWwtaGVhbHRoLW5lZWRzP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~>, > “the largest year-over-year increase in five years” to education spending > was approved. > > While there’s a lot of parental and political energy burned on culture war > issues like book banning, I wish more legislators were focused on big, > blue-sky solutions for the enrollment crunch. Or at least preparing their > constituents for the hard choices that will have to be made in the near > future. Based on long-term birthrate projections > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/dB3960_rlxFG4jsDJAJbVQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0S_aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2JvLmdvdi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi81ODkxMj9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>, > it’s coming nearly everywhere, even places where schools currently seem > bustling and full of life. > Continue reading the main story > <#m_3822872626605810853_a11y-skip-native-0> > A MESSAGE FROM Simon Kids > > Everybody is welcome at … "Our Pool"! > > A picture book that’s a love song to summer, community and staying cool. > > Learn More > [image: Simon Kids Logo] > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/enTeJ4oTR1Mrq6EeB31Q9Q~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4RWAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnNpbW9uYW5kc2NodXN0ZXIuY29tL2Jvb2tzL091ci1Qb29sL0x1Y3ktUnV0aC1DdW1taW5zLzk3ODE1MzQ0OTkyMzI_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZubD1qZXNzaWNhLWdyb3NlJnJlZ2lfaWQ9NTQ2MzY5ODgmc2VnbWVudF9pZD0xMzU1MDUmdGU9MSZ1c2VyX2lkPTYwYjlkYjFkNjc0ZDY0ZTZiN2Y3MjI1NWViZWEzN2Q2JnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1vdXJfcG9vbF9hZCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1ueXRwYXJlbnRpbmcmdXRtX21lZGl1bT1hdGhlbmV1bV9kaXNwbGF5X2FkJnV0bV9zb3VyY2U9bnlfdGltZXNfZG90X2NvbVcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > > WANT MORE? > > Links from around The Times > [image: Article Image] > > Alisha Jucevic for The New York Times > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/70bS7OYqsi0rdFsI8PcJFw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNS8xNy91cy9wdWJsaWMtc2Nob29scy1mYWxsaW5nLWVucm9sbG1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > With > Plunging Enrollment, a ‘Seismic Hit’ to Public Schools > > The pandemic has supercharged the decline in the nation’s public school > system in ways that experts say will not easily be reversed. > > By Shawn Hubler > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/70bS7OYqsi0rdFsI8PcJFw~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TmaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMi8wNS8xNy91cy9wdWJsaWMtc2Nob29scy1mYWxsaW5nLWVucm9sbG1lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > [image: Article Image] > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/y-G9QAmT4HXfcvBNHMunqA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOC8wNy91cy9jb3ZpZC1raW5kZXJnYXJ0ZW4tZW5yb2xsbWVudC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > The > Kindergarten Exodus > > As the pandemic took hold, more than 1 million children did not enroll in > local schools. Many of them were the most vulnerable: 5-year-olds in > low-income neighborhoods. > > By Dana Goldstein and Alicia Parlapiano > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/y-G9QAmT4HXfcvBNHMunqA~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wOC8wNy91cy9jb3ZpZC1raW5kZXJnYXJ0ZW4tZW5yb2xsbWVudC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > [image: Article Image] > > Kirsten Luce for The New York Times > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/NRghRfDhtUfWW47XvpTREg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNC8yNy9icmllZmluZy92YWNjaW5lcy1nYXZpbi1uZXdzb20tcmFuc29td2FyZS1hdHRhY2suaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > > THE MORNING NEWSLETTER > A Population Bust > > We look at the upsides and downsides of slow population growth in the U.S. > > By David Leonhardt > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/NRghRfDhtUfWW47XvpTREg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TyaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMS8wNC8yNy9icmllZmluZy92YWNjaW5lcy1nYXZpbi1uZXdzb20tcmFuc29td2FyZS1hdHRhY2suaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > [image: Article Image] > > Travis Dove for The New York Times > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/sXaXU4EbUyOR6j_jUPwfEQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8wNS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9zY2hvb2xzLXN0aW11bHVzLWNvdmlkLXBhbmRlbWljLWFpZC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > Schools > Received Billions in Stimulus Funds. It May Not Be Doing Enough. > > Pandemic aid was supposed to help students recover from learning loss, but > results have been mixed. > > By Madeleine Ngo > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/sXaXU4EbUyOR6j_jUPwfEQ~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0TxaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAyMy8wNi8wNS91cy9wb2xpdGljcy9zY2hvb2xzLXN0aW11bHVzLWNvdmlkLXBhbmRlbWljLWFpZC5odG1sP2NhbXBhaWduX2lkPTExOCZlbWM9ZWRpdF9wdGdfMjAyMzA2MTQmaW5zdGFuY2VfaWQ9OTQ5ODImbmw9amVzc2ljYS1ncm9zZSZyZWdpX2lkPTU0NjM2OTg4JnNlZ21lbnRfaWQ9MTM1NTA1JnRlPTEmdXNlcl9pZD02MGI5ZGIxZDY3NGQ2NGU2YjdmNzIyNTVlYmVhMzdkNlcDbnl0QgpkeNaPiWTAzfu6UhFsYV92aXNlQHlhaG9vLmNvbVgEAAAAAA~~> > [image: Article Image] > > The New York Times > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/to8Qyb60DCG1gqnOtttyOg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QGAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2ludGVyYWN0aXZlLzIwMjMvMDUvMTEvb3Bpbmlvbi9wYW5kZW1pYy1sZWFybmluZy1sb3NzZXMtc3RlZXAtYnV0LW5vdC1wZXJtYW5lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > Parents > Don’t Understand How Far Behind Their Kids Are in School > > School closures tell you only part of the story about what our kids have > lost. > > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/a/to8Qyb60DCG1gqnOtttyOg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP4QGAWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tL2ludGVyYWN0aXZlLzIwMjMvMDUvMTEvb3Bpbmlvbi9wYW5kZW1pYy1sZWFybmluZy1sb3NzZXMtc3RlZXAtYnV0LW5vdC1wZXJtYW5lbnQuaHRtbD9jYW1wYWlnbl9pZD0xMTgmZW1jPWVkaXRfcHRnXzIwMjMwNjE0Jmluc3RhbmNlX2lkPTk0OTgyJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~> > Tiny Victories > Parenting can be a grind. Let’s celebrate the tiny victories. > > My son is skillful at delaying bedtime. He was at it again recently when I > placed his Pocoyo doll on his bed with a blanket and told him that Pocoyo > needed a pal to fall asleep with. My son tucked Pocoyo in, cuddled up next > to it and then told me good night. > > — Diana-Marie Laventure, Jersey City, N.J. > > If you want a chance to get your Tiny Victory published, enter your Tiny > Victory at the bottom of this page > <https://nl.nytimes.com/f/newsletter/z0-zqlJEQwzbHcLhPC-Nwg~~/AAAAAQA~/RgRmbBTWP0T-aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnl0aW1lcy5jb20vMjAxOS8wMy8xOS9yZWFkZXItY2VudGVyL3BhcmVudGluZy1zZWN0aW9uLXRpbnktdmljdG9yaWVzLmh0bWw_Y2FtcGFpZ25faWQ9MTE4JmVtYz1lZGl0X3B0Z18yMDIzMDYxNCZpbnN0YW5jZV9pZD05NDk4MiZtb2R1bGU9aW5saW5lJm5sPWplc3NpY2EtZ3Jvc2UmcmVnaV9pZD01NDYzNjk4OCZzZWdtZW50X2lkPTEzNTUwNSZ0ZT0xJnVzZXJfaWQ9NjBiOWRiMWQ2NzRkNjRlNmI3ZjcyMjU1ZWJlYTM3ZDZXA255dEIKZHjWj4lkwM37ulIRbGFfdmlzZUB5YWhvby5jb21YBAAAAAA~>. > Include your full name and location. 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