Tom ...

The semantics break down.   Not sure I'll do any better,  but here goes!
Client and server terminology is often reversed in X speak.
I'll repeat this below.   And a lot of this you know already.

VNC gives you what-appears-to-be a bitmapped display.
X clients connect to that.   But there's no physical display,
hence the "V" in VNC stands for virtual.   (Not in the v-memory sense.)
While Linux on a PC will have any of several X servers  (because it
can have any of several physical bitmapped displays)  Linux on S/390
will *only* have the VNC X server.   But that may NOT be what they want.

When your users mention CYGWIN,
clearly they're after X (server) on Windows boxes
with XDMCP access to your Linux host(s).   Strictly speaking,
X on Linux is then the CLIENT,  even though the host is
considered to be a server.   CYGWIN XFree86,  like other X-on-Windows,
will use the XDMCP protocol to establish a session.   But the server
(the X server)  is on the PC,  not on the mainframe  (nor on the
remote PC).   Still,  they will get a sign-on effect as if their
PC were the client.   And in sign-on semantics,  it is the client.

Client and server terminology is often reversed in X speak.

VNC gives you an X server,  yes!
The X server in VNC is local to your zSeries Linux system.
With VNC,  the X traffic does not flow across the network.
To connect a display to the VNC X server,  you must use a
'vncviewer',  as you already have.   So the VNC server
is a server in two senses:  X and VNC.

You know a lot of this already.
Sorry.   I don't mean to insult you.

Sounds like they don't want to go the VNCVIEWER route.   Oh well.

If they're running CYGWIN XFree86  (or any other X-on-Windows)
then the X traffic does flow across the network,  not VNC traffic.
If you cannot get them to use VNC,  then you *can* enable XDM
on the Linux system.   There will be no bit-mapped display
so the config is a little confusing at first.  But it is
no different from a headless Sun playing the XDM (XDMCP) game.
(Or a headless RS/6K or a headless HP or a ... you get the idea.)

I hope this helps.

-- R;

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