On April 15, 2025 5:19:01 PM GMT+02:00, Fons Adriaensen <f...@linuxaudio.org> 
wrote:
>On Tue, Apr 15, 2025 at 02:08:02PM +0100, Gordonjcp wrote:
>> On Tue, Apr 15, 2025 at 01:43:10PM +0200, Fons Adriaensen wrote:
>> > 
>> > Now, to be 'constructive', the correct way to compute c
>> > would be
>> > 
>> >    f = cutoff_frequency / sample_rate;
>> >    a = 2 * (1 - cos (2 * pi * f);
>> >    c = (sqrt (a * (a + 4)) - a) / 2;
>> > 
>> > 
>> > A good approximation (less than 1% relative error) 
>> > for 0 <= f <= 0.5 could be
>> > 
>> >    c = 2 * pi * f * (1 + f * (3.45f + 4.27f * f));
>> 
>> Can you explain how you get there, in terms that a 35-years-ago
>> Straight-Cs highschool maths student might understand?
>
>It's really just basic digital filter theory and algebra.
>
>I found an online version: go to 
>
>   <https://www.moseleyinstruments.com/blog/first_order_lowpass>
>
>and scroll down to
>
>  'Determining the coefficient ā€˜c’ when the cutoff is given'.
>
>The approximation is found by playing with gnuplot for a few minutes.
>
>Ciao,
>

I also found the resources on this site helpful:

<https://dsprelated.com/freebooks/filters/>

This book also goes into the z-transform which you need often.

Kind regards,
FPS
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