Linux-Hardware Digest #890, Volume #14           Mon, 11 Jun 01 14:13:05 EDT

Contents:
  Re: Mandrake 8.0 and Soundcard (Kenneth Rørvik)
  sound driver installation problem (rohit)
  A question about Software-RAID: adding or removing disks jam the array (A. GUILLEVIC)
  Re: Drivers for EPSON Stylus color 440/460 (Vostok)
  Re: red/purple tint on monitor ("Pierre Tranié")
  Linux Distributions... ("Digital")
  Re: Linux Distributions... ("bowman")
  Capacity of Dell Server running as a web server? (tale)
  Re: Drivers for EPSON Stylus color 440/460 (Jonathan Bowman)
  3c509 card (sarakin)
  Starband on Linux ("David J. Jasper")
  Re: 3c509 card (Jurij Smakov)
  Re: EPSON 640U PERFECTION USB SCANNER - DON'T WORK? (cash)
  DMA timeout problems ("Dave")
  Re: 3c509 card ("René")
  VIA686b bug and Linux ("hamradio")
  sblive with mandrake 8.0 (ross)
  Re: SCSI definitions? (Paul Repacholi)
  Re: red/purple tint on monitor ("Dave Stanton")
  Can anyone help me on a best notebook choice (felipemc)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: Re: Mandrake 8.0 and Soundcard
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Kenneth Rørvik)
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 11:17:43 GMT

[EMAIL PROTECTED] (David Liana) wrote in
<9fsa2v$u8q$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: 

>How do I get this module to load at boot time? (I used this module on
>other distributions and it automatically loaded at boot time after
>installing it) 

Add the module name to /etc/modules, alternatively, append the modprobe 
command to /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit or rc.local.

-- 
Kenneth Rørvik          91841353/22950312
Nordbergv. 60A          [EMAIL PROTECTED]
0875 OSLO               home.no.net/stasis

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (rohit)
Subject: sound driver installation problem
Date: 11 Jun 2001 05:14:52 -0700

hi ,
   iam using an intel corporation |82801AA AC'97 audio card.sndconfig is able 
detect the card but the driver does not get installed i think and so it plays no 
when it tests for playing of a demo sound.how to go about installing this driver can 
anybody help me.i have windows in the other partition .can i get some information 
about 
about the card from it ,and if so how can i get.iam using redhat7.0 with a kernel 
2.2.16.if u need anymore information plz let me know.
thanking in advance.
rohit

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (A. GUILLEVIC)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.admin
Subject: A question about Software-RAID: adding or removing disks jam the array
Date: 11 Jun 2001 06:25:14 -0700

Hello,

I created a linear RAID array consisting of seven 17 Gb disks, using command
mkraid with the following /etc/raidtab file:


raiddev /dev/md0
        raid-level linear
        nr-raid-disks 7
        chunk-size 32
        persistent-superblock 1

        device  /dev/sdd1
        raid-disk 0
        device  /dev/sde1
        raid-disk 1
        device  /dev/sdf1
        raid-disk 2
        device  /dev/sdg1
        raid-disk 3
        device  /dev/sdh1
        raid-disk 4
        device  /dev/sdi1
        raid-disk 5
        device  /dev/sdj1
        raid-disk 6

I've no problem creating this disk array. Problems begin when I want to remove
two disks from the server. When I reboot server, all units are shifted from 2
units (sdd -> sdb, sde -> sdc, etc...). I changed the /etc/raidtab file to match
new disk map. Below, the new raidtab file:

raiddev /dev/md0
        raid-level linear
        nr-raid-disks 7
        chunk-size 32
        persistent-superblock 1

        device  /dev/sdb1
        raid-disk 0
        device  /dev/sdc1
        raid-disk 1
        device  /dev/sdd1
        raid-disk 2
        device  /dev/sde1
        raid-disk 3
        device  /dev/sdf1
        raid-disk 4
        device  /dev/sdg1
        raid-disk 5
        device  /dev/sdh1
        raid-disk 6

When I try to restart the raid array using command

        raidstart -c /etc/raidtab /dev/md0

an error occurs, and array cannot be started. Here's the error message:


(read) sdb1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
(read) sdd1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
(read) sde1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
(read) sdf1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
(read) sdg1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
(read) sdh1's sb offset: 14225408 [events: 00000006]
blkdev_open() failed: -6
md: could not lock sdi1, zero-size? Marking faulty.
could not import sdi1, trying to run array nevertheless.
blkdev_open() failed: -6
md: could not lock sdj1, zero-size? Marking faulty.
could not import sdj1, trying to run array nevertheless.
autorun ...
considering sdh1 ...
  adding sdh1 ...
  adding sdg1 ...
  adding sdf1 ...
  adding sde1 ...
  adding sdd1 ...
  adding sdb1 ...
created md0
bind<sdb1,1>
bind<sdd1,2>
bind<sde1,3>
bind<sdf1,4>
bind<sdg1,5>
bind<sdh1,6>
running: <sdh1><sdg1><sdf1><sde1><sdd1><sdb1>
now!
sdh1's event counter: 00000006
sdg1's event counter: 00000006
sdf1's event counter: 00000006
sde1's event counter: 00000006
sdd1's event counter: 00000006
sdb1's event counter: 00000006
md: device name has changed from sdj1 to sdh1 since last import!
md: device name has changed from sdi1 to sdg1 since last import!
md: device name has changed from sdh1 to sdf1 since last import!
md: device name has changed from sdg1 to sde1 since last import!
md: device name has changed from sdf1 to sdd1 since last import!
md: device name has changed from sdd1 to sdb1 since last import!
md0: former device sde1 is unavailable, removing from array!
mask ffffffe0
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 14225408
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 28450816
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 42676224
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 56901632
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 71127040
 rdev->size: 14225408
 masked rdev->size: 14225408
  new md_size: 85352448
md0: max total readahead window set to 128k
md0: 1 data-disks, max readahead per data-disk: 128k
md: md0, array needs 7 disks, has 6, aborting.
linear: disks are not ordered, aborting!
pers->run() failed ...
do_md_run() returned -22
unbind<sdh1,5>
export_rdev(sdh1)
unbind<sdg1,4>
export_rdev(sdg1)
unbind<sdf1,3>
export_rdev(sdf1)
unbind<sde1,2>
export_rdev(sde1)
unbind<sdd1,1>
export_rdev(sdd1)
unbind<sdb1,0>
export_rdev(sdb1)
md0 stopped.
... autorun DONE.


I'm still looking for a solution, but it doesn't come easy. Any help would be
appreciated.

                            Thank you, best regards.

------------------------------

From: Vostok <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.redhat
Subject: Re: Drivers for EPSON Stylus color 440/460
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 21:44:36 +0800

Tahir Hashmi wrote:

> I am looking for some free drivers for Epson Stylus Color 460 Printer
> to run it on RH 6.2. Anyone got the stuff?
> 
> Thanx in advance
> 

You can try the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) priter drivers.  Find it 
at http://www.cups.org

------------------------------

From: "Pierre Tranié" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: red/purple tint on monitor
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 15:42:28 +0200

Hello,
"Adam Theo" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> a écrit dans le message news:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> hello, all.
>
> i have had a Hitachi SuperScan Pro 620. when running windows, which i
> was running when i first got the monitor, it worked fine. color was
> sharp and clear. now that i've been running linux for the past year+,
> it has been turning a reddish/purplish tint when i first start the
> screen up, until after about 10 minutes or so when it warms up, i
> guess.
>
> i have run it under many forms of linux, but recently it has been
> getting so bad that the reddish tint doesn't go away at all, except
> for occosaional bursts (only lasting a few seconds) of clarity.
>
> what the freak could be causing this? it is straining my eyes, and
> giving me headaches.
>
> do i need to clean the connection? with what and how? is it that the
> video card could not be flush with the slot? i've checked these
> things, and they seem fine, but i don't know anything about *really*
> cleaning them or making sure the connections are good.
>
> any suggestions?
>
> thanks.

Had the same junk colors (on a Win 2000 system), and was related to the
monitor itself. Had to change it. A new one solved the fault.

Yours



------------------------------

From: "Digital" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Linux Distributions...
Date: Wed, 6 Jun 2001 22:51:55 +0300

At the time I have WinMe, and I have tried to install WinLinux 2000, but it
doesn't seem to recognize my Graphics Card (GeForce 2 GTS). Anyway, I've
taken the decision to buy a normal Linux distribution. Can you tell me Which
distribution I should choose? I've heard that Corel Linux isn't very good
(is that true?), and at the time I'm between Redhat and SuSE....

Also, does my computer supports Linux? I have a AMD Duron 800Mhz, 128MB Ram,
QDI Kinetiz 7B, MSI 815 GeForce2 GTS, SoundBlaster Live! Player 5.1... Do
you think that I could have any problems?





------------------------------

From: "bowman" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux Distributions...
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 07:53:57 -0600


"Digital" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:9g2i9j$2c8$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> taken the decision to buy a normal Linux distribution. Can you tell me
Which
> distribution I should choose? I've heard that Corel Linux isn't very good
> (is that true?), and at the time I'm between Redhat and SuSE....

Mandrake 8..0 has been getting good reviews, as far as being easy to
install, and is based on RedHat. SuSE is also good, though a friend who has
been a longtime SuSE user has mentioned he thinks some of the RH system
maintenance utilities are better that SuSE's.




------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (tale)
Subject: Capacity of Dell Server running as a web server?
Date: 11 Jun 2001 06:58:01 -0700

Hello all,

I was wondering if someone could que me in on what kind of capacity I
might possibly get from a Dell 2500 series server running Red Hat 7.0
(or 7.1) as a web server that accesses mysql on the same machine.  I'm
just looking for a rough estimate based on experience.  The machine
will be dedicated to this task.  I'm assuming that the network isn't a
bottle neck to the machine, but if you could tell me what kind of
connection you think would be necessary to max out this machine, I
would appreciate that information too.

The specs on the machine are:
2 - 933Mhz Pentium III processors
1 GB of RAM - PC 133 ECC
3 - 18 GB 10,000RPM SCSI drives using RAID 5

Thanks in advance,
-- tale

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Jonathan Bowman)
Subject: Re: Drivers for EPSON Stylus color 440/460
Date: 11 Jun 2001 07:33:38 -0700

[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Tahir Hashmi) wrote in message 
news:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...

> I am looking for some free drivers for Epson Stylus Color 460 Printer

> to run it on RH 6.2. Anyone got the stuff?

> 

> Thanx in advance

I could go into great detail here, but your best bet is to go to
http://www.linuxprinting.org and find out there.  The 460 is supposed
to work perfectly.  I would suggest the "stp" driver from the
gimp-print project.  That is what I use on my Stylus Color 640, and it
works amazingly well.  You may also be interested to know that the
CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) includes a Stylus Color driver that
works all right, albeit not as well as stp.

Jonathan Bowman

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (sarakin)
Subject: 3c509 card
Date: 11 Jun 2001 07:52:42 -0700

i got a bit curious when looking at my 3COM Etherlink III (3c509)
card. (don't really have any networking card experience)
under the text BOOT ROM on my 3c509 card, there's only an
empty place that i think you can put a small (ROM?) chip
on. do i have to put something there for the card to work?

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 09:08:09 -0600
From: "David J. Jasper" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Starband on Linux

Anyone get the satelite connection for Starband working on Linux?



------------------------------

From: Jurij Smakov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: 3c509 card
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 17:49:59 +0200

On 11 Jun 2001, sarakin wrote:

> i got a bit curious when looking at my 3COM Etherlink III (3c509)
> card. (don't really have any networking card experience)
> under the text BOOT ROM on my 3c509 card, there's only an
> empty place that i think you can put a small (ROM?) chip
> on. do i have to put something there for the card to work?

Hi!

Nope, card will work even without anything in the BOOT ROM slot.
This slot is used to insert a chip with the code, used for the 
over-the-network booting of diskless clients.

Cheers,

Jurij


------------------------------

From: cash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: EPSON 640U PERFECTION USB SCANNER - DON'T WORK?
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 09:28:32 -0600
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Michel Briand wrote:

> You need theses drivers compiled :
> 
> usbcore
> usb-uhci (common MB ; or usb-???? for Ali ; see kernel doc)
> scanner
> 
> Usualy usbmgr could load your driver at demand.
> But, once you have tested your configuration, I suggest you put the
> modules in the kernel ;
> thus avoiding most configuration.
> 
> You need /etc/sane.d/epson.conf with
> 
> USB /dev/usb/scanner0
> 
> or
> 
> USB /dev/usbscanner0
> 
> I think the scanner driver need a patch that you'll find at :
> http://freecolormanagement.com/sane/download.html
> http://freecolormanagement.com/download/scanner_ioctl_20010519.patch
> 
> 
> "cash" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> a écrit dans le message news:

This must be a path to the scanner.c file? How do you apply the patch???

> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> | I'm using a Epson Perfection 640U Scanner. I'm following the directions
> | given at this URL: http://freecolormanagement.com/sane/faq.html. I'm
> | getting timeouts using Kernel 2.4.0 (The one that comes with SUSE 7.1).
> I'm
> | using the precompiled backend for this distro advertised on this web
> | page.
> |
> | I need more details. I need .conf files, I need Step-by-Step examples.
> This
> | web page is a little ambiguous. Follow up to this news post. Thanks.
> |
> | Here's a snap of my /var/log/messages:
> |
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie insmod:
> | /lib/modules/2.4.0-4GB/kernel/drivers/media/video/bttv.o: insmod
> | char-major-81 failed
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie kernel: Linux video capture interface: v1.00
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie kernel: i2c-core.o: i2c core module
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie kernel: i2c-algo-bit.o: i2c bit algorithm module
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie kernel: bttv: driver version 0.7.50 loaded
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie kernel: bttv: using 2 buffers with 2080k (4160k
> | total) for capture
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie insmod:
> | /lib/modules/2.4.0-4GB/kernel/drivers/media/video/bttv.o: init_module:
> | No such device
> | Jun  7 19:34:51 reesie insmod: Hint: insmod errors can be caused by
> | incorrect module parameters, including invalid IO or IRQ parameters
> |
> 
> 
> 


------------------------------

From: "Dave" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: DMA timeout problems
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 09:35:29 -0700

To all,

I just installed Redhat 7.1 two days ago, and I'm getting some problems with
my hard drive and DMA.  I'm using a Asus A7V133 motherboard with VIA ATA100
on-board controller as well as a Promise Ultra100 controller.  I've just
been using the VIA controller so far.

I have the following partitions on /dev/hda:

/dev/hda1: Linux: mounted to /boot
/dev/hda2: Windows 98 FAT32
/dev/hda3: Extended partition (i think)
/dev/hda4: not sure (i think is where I have a FAT32 data partition)
/dev/hda5: Linux: mounted to /
/dev/hda6: Linux: swap

I have LILO in the MBR now.

So, after installing RedHat with no problems, and booted the computer and
chose linux at the LILO gui prompt.  It seems to recognize my hard drive at
first, it says "hda: QUANTUM FIREBALL...., hdc: LG CDRW 8120....".  Then a
little bit after that, it says:

VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly
Freeing unused kernel memory: 236k freed
INIT: version 2.78 booting
                Welcome to Red Hat Linux
        Press 'I' to enter interactive startup
<here is pauses for 30 seconds to a minute>
hda: timeout waiting for DMA
ide_dmaproc: chipset suppported ide_dma_timeout func only: 14
hda: irq teimout: status=0xd0 { Busy }
hda: DMA disabled
<here is pauses again>

Then it goes crazy, saying all sorts of messages having to do with
INIT: cannot execute "<some filename in /sbin>"
hda: status error: statue=0x01 { Error }
hda: status error: error=0x02 { TrackZeroNotFound },
hda: dive not ready for command,
ide0: reset: master: formatter device error,

It does this endlessly until finally it says:

INIT: Id "6" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes
INIT: no more processes left in this runlevel

Then it does this whole thing again, but this time it says:

INIT: Id "4" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes
INIT: no more processes left in this runlevel

By this point I just give up.

Then, if I do a "warm" reboot of my computer, and restart, the hard drive is
gone.  The BIOS doesn't even see it at all.  BUT, if I do a cold turn-off
and turn-on again (of course resetting the hard drive's hardware), the drive
works again.  This is really annoying.

Can someone help me with this please?  How should I approach this?  I've
used rescue mode to add hdparm commands to my rc.sysinit file, and also
played with the /etc/sysconfig/harddisks file.  For some reason these
commands don't seem to be executing at all (which is kind of another problem
altogether).  I'm not sure why these aren't executing.

I've also tried turning down the DMA in my BIOS to DMA level 2 (33 MB/s),
and then re-installing Redhat.  This didn't work.  I am still using the
80-conductor cable however, as I don't have a 40-conductor cable.

It seems that Linux only really "fully" supports DMA mode 2 at most.  So I'm
just trying to tune-down my controller and hard disk and get Linux to work
at this lower speed.  Help!

Thanks.
David Grant







------------------------------

From: "René" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: 3c509 card
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 17:40:53 +0200

Hi
You don't need this ROM.
You only need it if you want to boot over LAN.


"sarakin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> i got a bit curious when looking at my 3COM Etherlink III (3c509)
> card. (don't really have any networking card experience)
> under the text BOOT ROM on my 3c509 card, there's only an
> empty place that i think you can put a small (ROM?) chip
> on. do i have to put something there for the card to work?



------------------------------

From: "hamradio" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: VIA686b bug and Linux
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 17:34:27 +0200

Hi everybody,
I'm building a new pc based on an Abit KT7A motherboard, but I'm worrying
about its bug of corrupting files when copying them between different
disks.
Has anybody experienced some of these troubles under Linux or this bug
only relates to windoze's world?
Thanks in advance for answering me.

------------------------------

From: ross <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: sblive with mandrake 8.0
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 17:30:10 -0000

I have a soundblaster Live x-gamer 5.1.  mandrake seems to detect my card
as it lists it in the hardware profile and the emu10k1.o driver is loaded. 
I can play audio cds but when i try to play anything else(.wav mp3 etc.)
there seems to be no sound coming from the system at all.  Two things I
noticed are that when kde loads up my speakers clip as if the card
initialized or something and and in the control center under the
information/sound option I get "sorry, no infromation available on
soundcard".  Also when I mess with the kmixer settings I get the same
clipping noises.  Could it be that my Amptron motherboard's intergrated VIA
Technologies, inc. VT82C686 [Apollo Super AC97/Audio] soundcard is causing
problems.  Mandrake seems to be trying to use the sblive as i only get
feedback(clipping) when i mess with its settings.  Can someone help me with
this?

--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/

------------------------------

Subject: Re: SCSI definitions?
From: Paul Repacholi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: 12 Jun 2001 01:32:21 +0800

Juergen Pfann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> > Leonard Evens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > Can someone give me a brief refresher course in SCSI.  I have a machine
> > > with a Symbios ultra wide SCSI adapter and two SCSI disks.  I would

> Nope. Of course the signalling _is_ different, but all LVD hard
> disks I've seen so far work fine if attached to a SE bus. The IBM
> models do have jumpers to actually _force_ SE signalling, but in
> most cases you don't even have to activate these, as the drive's
> interface automatically detects if it is in a SE or LVD bus.  But
> there is one caveat left : LVD disks on a SE bus usually can't be
> the last device of the bus - i.e. the one to terminate -, because
> most if not all don't have a termination jumper. So you gotta hook a
> SE device proper to the physical end of your cable, or use an extra
> (active) terminator at the cable's end - what you'd do in a LVD bus
> anyway...

Ultra SCSI uses external active terminators all the time.

> > > like to either replace one of them or add a third disk.  SCSI
> > > disks come SCSI, SCSI2, and SCSI3 and with 80 pin and 68 pin
> > > connectors.  I'm think I need one with a 68 pin connector
> > > because

You probably have 68 pin connectors on the cable, so a 68 is easier.
The 80 pin SCA connector includes SCSI, power and unit select in one
package. They are becomming the common format, and a plug in converter
will give you a 68 pin Honda for the bus.

-- 
Paul Repacholi                               1 Crescent Rd.,
+61 (08) 9257-1001                           Kalamunda.
                                             West Australia 6076
Raw, Cooked or Well-done, it's all half baked.
Spam-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED],[EMAIL PROTECTED],[EMAIL PROTECTED],[EMAIL PROTECTED],
  [EMAIL PROTECTED],[EMAIL PROTECTED] 

------------------------------

From: "Dave Stanton" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: red/purple tint on monitor
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 19:00:53 +0100

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, "Adam Theo"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> hello, all.
> 
> i have had a Hitachi SuperScan Pro 620. when running windows, which i
> was running when i first got the monitor, it worked fine. color was
> sharp and clear. now that i've been running linux for the past year+, it
> has been turning a reddish/purplish tint when i first start the screen
> up, until after about 10 minutes or so when it warms up, i guess.

As the other guy says, it sounds like the green gun driver transister is
going down, should simple/cheap fix for any decent TV technician.

Dave

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (felipemc)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.portable
Subject: Can anyone help me on a best notebook choice
Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2001 18:03:01 +0000 (UTC)

Hi folks,

I'm thinking in buy a portable computer to me, and from the ones I can =
buy
here on Brazil, there are few choices. I need a help to choose one in w=
hich
I can run an real OS (Linux of'course), and I'm affraid to choose one w=
ith
dificult-to-configure hardware.
Can anyone help me to choose a good notebook, from one of these:

- COMPAQ 12XL502
- ACER TravelMate 200DX
- ACER Notebook TravelMate 202T
- Compaq ARMADA E500

Thanks,

Felipe Machado Cardoso <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Gaia Inform=E1tica   http://www.gaia.inf.br




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