Ira Abramov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> Quoting Nadav Har'El, from the post of Sat, 11 Jan:
> > I don't know what your "basic disagreements" are (I guess I'll have to buy
> > you a beer to find out :))
> 
> I think Oleg has put it very clearly in a post here, he's against the
> basic ideals of freedom, and therefore the fact that they are
> objectively important and global. 

This sounds suspiciously like I am against freedom and want to send
everybody to Gulag, which is just a tiny bit unfair, Ira. What I am
against is taking one's ideas of freedom, or any other social or
individual value for that matter, and try to present it as universal.

Given this, I am in trouble of presenting a comprehensive, concise
written formulation of what I think of freedom, because, contrary to
Stallman, I don't start from a premise that some particular
interpretation of freedom is universal, so I'll get boggled in
qualifications trying to be intellectually honest with myself (please
don't interpret this as sayign RMS is not intellectually honest - he
is, I believe, with himself).

Maybe it will suffice for now if I give a couple of examples that I
was thinking of while listening to Stallman's talk on Thursday. He
made a big deal of arguing that the current state of affairs somehow
goes against the basic value of "sharing" (pardon the quotes, Ira,
this is the only word here that is directly lifted from his speech),
that society should teach its members, especially children, to share,
etc.  I disagree. I think that a much more basic value (and virtue)
that my future kids should learn is the ability to distinguish whom to
share with and whom not to share with. And I am not willing to discuss
in advance any criterion that may be applied. Under particular
circumstances, I can imagine asking myself, "is this person an
Israeli?", or "is she Jewish?", or "does he work at IBM?", or "has she
paid his membership dues to Hamakor?". I think this is more basic than
the general idea of sharing as an ideal, and does explicitly involve
the notion of "not sharing". Were I to adopt the idea of "sharing" as
basic, essential, and universal, I would not have the freedom to
consider not sharing, let alone the freedom not to share. I reserve
that freedom to myself.

In another example, I think DMCA and DRM and treacherous computing are
evil. Why? For instance, I happen to own the latest Diana Krall CD. If
you ask me to burn a copy for you, I will refuse, and I hope we can
remain friends after that. I will, without any reservation, rip tracks
out of the six or seven Diana Krall CDs that I own and burn a CD of
favourites to listen to in my car, as a matter of fair use. The reason
for my refusal to do the same for you is that I recognize the freedom
of Diana Krall and the recording studio to impose restrictions on
distribution of the CD and to earn profit from such distribution. What
I object to in the legislation in question is what is tantamount to
outlawing CD burners because they will let me to make a copy for
you. That *is* evil. However, I suspect that Stallman
ideologically goes futher than me in his objections. Maybe he
doesn't. I suspect he does though, because he comes from the culture
or totally unrestricted sharing of information (I am reading "Hackers"
now, and Levy describes that well), and he applies that ethics as
widely as he can.

Levy describes the Incompatible Time-Sharing System developed and
deployed at MIT's AI Lab, that had no passwords. During his previous
visit to Israel RMS said that even when there had been passwords everybody
at MIT had known his username was rms and his password was rms. He had
since been forced to use a real password, and he was still bitter about
it. At Stanford's SAIL the time-sharing system provided the users with
the ability to have private files (at John McCarthy's insistence), and
the hackers around tended to think that whoever uses private files
must be doing something, eh, interesting, and one should have a peek.
I value my privacy enough to consider this notion of sharing unacceptable.
I insist on my freedom to keep some of the stuff I do private. I also
insist on my freedom to keep some of the stuff that I produce
restricted, without being branded a traitor to the basic ideals of
freedom. Besides, the context of computer usage has changed since
then, and however strictly you may adhere to the hackers' ethics, I
suspect you will have a mostly closed firewall and insist on your
users to have good passwords nowadays.

On the technology versus ideology level, I have always thought that by
simply doing my job as well as I can I am making the society I live in
better in some intangible way. What I would like to avoid is doing my
job differently because of some preconception I might have regarding
what is good for society. For me, it is a matter of intellectual
honesty in a technical field.

I am used to the idea that the society, or some of its members, might
disagree with me. I grew up with this idea. I was fortunate enough to
find a society that agrees with me to a much greater extent than the
one I was born into, and I moved to it. The society I was born into
still disagrees with me by and large. It is a different society, it
has different ideals, and different ideas, and that includes freedom
and just about everything else, and I don't think one should try and
impose one's ideals on it.

This does not mean I have no beliefs or positions. I'll let you on to
a secret: I even have political views, and I freely share them with
people who I think are worth sharing them with (and not with
others). I won't go to a demostration to express them, ever, let alone
join a political party. Why? because it will take away my
freedom. "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" has this wonderful
passage about a Czech emigrant who flees in 1968 and a year later
finds herself in Paris at a demonstration for freedom in
Czechoslovakia. She leaves the demostration to the astonishment of her
friends, and later has trouble to explain to them that there was no
freedom in that demostration.

I hope, Ira, that both you and RMS will recognize my freedom to
disagree with you about freedom.

> me, because the issue is already on the table, and I don't want to
> wait till we get to a pub. I don't see any reason you should hide
> your opinions, unless you are ashamed of them for some reason. we
> are intrigued to know what they are)

As you point out in the next passage cited below, I have learned early
in my life that there may be other reasons to hide one's opinions. I
am really happy the importance of those reasons for me has
diminished. Note though that this positive change in my life was not
brought about by fighting for freedom, just by moving to another
country that suits me better. As far as I can judge, the majority of
the population of my country of birth was quite satisfied by the
freedoms they had.

> I have no idea how to even reply to such a statement from a guy that
> had actually experianced since birth what the lack of freedom begets
> in the eastern bloc.

Part of my experience is that most of the people who fought
courageously against the oppression of the Soviet regime (and earned
our gratitude and admiration for their courage) were no more for
freedom than the authorities. That oppressive regime was created by
people whose stated purpose was freedom, don't forget that.

Another part of my experience taught me the importance of sharing
information. When my friends and I started discussing emigration it
was quite clear to all of us that talking freely about it could cause
all sorts of trouble. On the other hand, in a society that restricted
communications and information the way USSR did, it was very difficult
to get information on issues that interested us. So we consciously
came to the conclusion that people would not give us any information
that we needed if we did not share our information, even at some not
so insignificant risk. So we did. We still were very careful and picky
about whom we talked to. No, information sharing is not universal. Not
in my book.

> > I believe that two other values should be stressed as well when
> > discussing the moral advantages of free software: Equality and
> > Fraternity.
> 
> and my guess is, Oleg will not agree on these either. (again, I'm
> trying to provoke an answer from him about this :)

I don't know what Fraternity is. I believe that Equality is in
fundamental contradiction to Liberty. A society where everybody is
equal cannot be free, thus I don't see any inherent moral advantage in
Equality. I insist on the liberty to be unequal. This is too laconic
to be articulate. Let's leave *something* to beer, OK?

> so you see, Oleg, it is VERY important to me that you explain your views
> and objection to the use of the word "freedom", as my compatriat in the
> founders team, I'd REALLY like to know, since I do find this a core
> issue.

I tried as well as I could. I feel that introducing any sort of
ideology would take away a part of my freedom, since, being a member
of an organization that promotes a certain ideology, I would be
obliged to subscribe to that ideology.  Assuming the ideology is
something I agree with, I keep in mind that someone else might
disagree, and thus would not be able to be a member (unless he hides
his views). This is why I would like to keep the amuta
non-ideological. This does not mean, of course, that I would object to
it supporting an event featuring RMS, I hope you don't suspect me of
that. I hope that the point is that ESR or Linus or even Sam
Palmisano, if he ever agrees, will be just as welcome, even though for
RMS all of them are borderline traitors.

Please recognize, if the notion of freedom is important to you (that's
with my tongue in my cheek, I don't suspect you of anything), that
belonging to an organization *does* restrict one's freedom all by
itself. I only suggest not to introduce additional restrictions. For
me, belonging to an organization is already a compromise in my
freedom. As long as it is non-ideological but rather professional in
nature, I hope I can live with this compromise.

I personally find Stallman's position quite restrictive, and not
promoting freedom as I understand it. As I emphasized quite a few
times already, I respect his position, and I hope I contributed a
little bit to his freedom to express it, and to the freedom of all of
us to hear him and form our own opinions.

-- 
Oleg Goldshmidt | [EMAIL PROTECTED]
"Freedom is a recognized necessity."
[V.I.Lenin, I hope it's not a copyright violation - OG]

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