Linux-Misc Digest #509, Volume #19 Fri, 19 Mar 99 00:13:08 EST
Contents:
What am I missing? ("Walter L. Williams")
Routing question... (second try) (Chetan Ahuja)
Re: Help me with experiment (Tom)
Re: New Linux-Logos (Jerry Normandin)
Re: Routing question... (second try)
Re: binary Emacs 20.x for i386? (Joe Keane)
ANNOUNCE: Kernel Traffic #10 is Now Available ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: How do you add up decimals under bash? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
where's "make"? (One of the Sussmans)
socket++ compile under egcs (Neil Bryden)
Re: Stupid Newbie tricks (Add this to list) (Michal Jaegermann)
Re: LINUX on an iMac (walt moffett)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: "Walter L. Williams" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux.networking
Subject: What am I missing?
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 16:03:22 -0700
Greetings
I am trying to resetup my Linux box for internet access. I rearanged
my hard drives so that now I have a removable "trayed" hard drives.
Now I am trying to get things setup again. It's been 2 years since I
have messed with my point to point protocol.
I "have" reread the PPP howto. but I seem to be missing something.
The system will dial, access, and log in. But I can't ping anything.
I type "ifconfig" and there will be NO ppp0 device.
Below is all that I have modified to get to where I am now to include
a portion of the /var/log/messages file. I have intentionally omitted
my user name and password.
What am I missing?
I am useing a USR 33.6 modem on a 233mhz Pentum
=======================================================
content of "/var/log/messages" file
Mar 16 22:48:21 localhost kernel: PPP: version 2.2.0 (dynamic channel
allocation)
Mar 16 22:48:21 localhost kernel: PPP Dynamic channel allocation code
copyright 1995 Caldera, Inc.
Mar 16 22:48:21 localhost kernel: PPP line discipline registered.
Mar 16 22:48:21 localhost kernel: registered device ppp0
Mar 16 22:48:21 localhost pppd[279]: pppd 2.2.0 started by root, uid 0
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: timeout set to 30 seconds
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: abort on (\nBUSY\r)
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: abort on (\nNO ANSWER\r)
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: abort on
(\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r)
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: send (rAT^M)
Mar 16 22:48:22 localhost chat[280]: expect (OK)
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: ^M
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: OK -- got it
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: send (ATE0^M)
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: timeout set to 90 seconds
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: expect (OK)
Mar 16 22:48:29 localhost chat[280]: ^M
Mar 16 22:48:31 localhost chat[280]: ^M
Mar 16 22:48:31 localhost chat[280]: OK -- got it
Mar 16 22:48:31 localhost chat[280]: send (ATDT7360484^M)
Mar 16 22:48:31 localhost chat[280]: expect (ogin:)
Mar 16 22:48:31 localhost chat[280]: ^M
Mar 16 22:48:47 localhost chat[280]:
Mar 16 22:48:48 localhost chat[280]: CONNECT 38400^M^M
Mar 16 22:48:50 localhost chat[280]: Welcome to SOFTCOM.NET! (x2/v.90)^M
Mar 16 22:48:50 localhost chat[280]: ^M
Mar 16 22:48:50 localhost chat[280]: login: -- got it
Mar 16 22:48:50 localhost chat[280]: send (xxxxx^M)
Mar 16 22:48:50 localhost chat[280]: expect (Password:)
Mar 16 22:48:53 localhost chat[280]: xxxxx^M
Mar 16 22:48:53 localhost chat[280]: Password: -- got it
Mar 16 22:48:53 localhost chat[280]: send (xxxxx^M)
Mar 16 22:48:53 localhost pppd[279]: Serial connection established.
Mar 16 22:48:54 localhost pppd[279]: Using interface ppp0
Mar 16 22:48:54 localhost pppd[279]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyS3
Mar 16 22:49:17 localhost kernel: Swansea University Computer Society
IPX 0.34 for NET3.035
Mar 16 22:49:17 localhost kernel: IPX Portions Copyright (c) 1995
Caldera, Inc.
Mar 16 22:49:18 localhost kernel: Appletalk 0.17 for Linux NET3.035
This is where I entered the command
"ppp-off"
Mar 16 22:49:34 localhost pppd[279]: Terminating on signal 2.
Mar 16 22:49:36 localhost pppd[279]: Hangup (SIGHUP)
Mar 16 22:49:36 localhost pppd[279]: Modem hangup
Mar 16 22:49:36 localhost pppd[279]: Connection terminated.
Mar 16 22:49:36 localhost pppd[279]: Exit.
Mar 16 22:51:17 localhost kernel: PPP: ppp line discipline successfully
unregistered
"hosts" file
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
209.160.160.2 softcom softcom.net
===========================================================
"host.conf" file
order hosts,bind
multi on
=============================================================
"resolv.conf" file
domain your.isp.domain.name
nameserver 209.160.160.2
nameserver 205.162.157.2
===================================================================
"ppp-on" script
#!/bin/sh
#
# Script to initiate a PPP connection. This is the first part of the
# pair of scripts. This is not a secure pair of scripts as the codes
# are visible with the 'ps' command. However, it is simple.
#
# These are the parameters. Change as needed.
TELEPHONE=7360484 # The telephone number for the connection
ACCOUNT=xxxxx # The account name for logon (as in 'George
Burns')
PASSWORD=xxxxx # The password for this account (and 'Gracie
Allen')
LOCAL_IP=0.0.0.0 # Local IP address if known. Dynamic = 0.0.0.0
REMOTE_IP=0.0.0.0 # Remote IP address if desired. Normally
0.0.0.0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # The proper netmask if needed
#
# Export them so that they will be available to 'ppp-on-dialer'
export TELEPHONE ACCOUNT PASSWORD
#
# This is the location of the script which dials the phone and logs
# in. Please use the absolute file name as the $PATH variable is not
# used on the connect option. (To do so on a 'root' account would be
# a security hole so don't ask.)
#
DIALER_SCRIPT=/etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
#
# Initiate the connection
#
#
exec /usr/sbin/pppd /dev/ttyS3 38400 \
$LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \
connect $DIALER_SCRIPT
=======================================================================
The "ppp-on-dialer" script
#!/bin/sh
#
# This is part 2 of the ppp-on script. It will perform the connection
# protocol for the desired connection.
#
exec /usr/sbin/chat -v \
TIMEOUT 30 \
ABORT '\nBUSY\r' \
ABORT '\nNO ANSWER\r' \
ABORT '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r' \
'' \rAT \
'OK-+++\c-OK' ATE0 \
TIMEOUT 90 \
OK ATDT7360484 \
ogin:--ogin: xxxxx \
Password: xxxxx
=============================================================================================
"options" script
# /etc/ppp/options -*- sh -*- general options for pppd edited by Walter
L. Williams 10 Sept 1997
# created 13-Jul-1995 jmk
# autodate: 01-Aug-1995
# autotime: 19:45
# Which serial port is you're modem set to?
/dev/ttyS3
# What's the speed of you're modem? (ie.19200, 38400 etc....)
38400
# Run the executable or shell command specified after pppd has
# terminated the link. This script could, for example, issue commands
# to the modem to cause it to hang up if hardware modem control
signals
# were not available.
#disconnect "chat -- \d+++\d\c OK ath0 OK"
# async character map -- 32-bit hex; each bit is a character
# that needs to be escaped for pppd to receive it. 0x00000001
# represents '\x01', and 0x80000000 represents '\x1f'.
asyncmap 0
# Use hardware flow control (i.e. RTS/CTS) to control the flow of data
# on the serial port.
crtscts
# Add a default route to the system routing tables, using the peer as
# the gateway, when IPCP negotiation is successfully completed. This
# entry is removed when the PPP connection is broken.
defaultroute
# Specifies that pppd should use a UUCP-style lock on the serial
device
# to ensure exclusive access to the device.
lock
# Use the modem control lines. On Ultrix, this option implies
hardware
# flow control, as for the crtscts option. (This option is not fully
# implemented.)
modem
# Set the MRU [Maximum Receive Unit] value to <n> for negotiation.
pppd
# will ask the peer to send packets of no more than <n> bytes. The
# minimum MRU value is 128. The default MRU value is 1500. A value
of
# 296 is recommended for slow links (40 bytes for TCP/IP header + 256
# bytes of data).
mru 2088
# Set the MTU [Maximum Transmit Unit] value to <n>. Unless the peer
# requests a smaller value via MRU negotiation, pppd will request that
# the kernel networking code send data packets of no more than n bytes
# through the PPP network interface.
# mtu 1064
# Set the interface netmask to <n>, a 32 bit netmask in "decimal dot"
# notation (e.g. 255.255.255.0).
netmask 255.255.255.0
# Disables the default behaviour when no local IP address is
specified,
# which is to determine (if possible) the local IP address from the
# hostname. With this option, the peer will have to supply the local
IP
# address during IPCP negotiation (unless it specified explicitly on
the
# command line or in an options file).
noipdefault
# With this option, pppd will not transmit LCP packets to initiate a
# connection until a valid LCP packet is received from the peer (as
for
# the "passive" option with old versions of pppd).
# silent
# Don't fork to become a background process (otherwise pppd will do so
# if a serial device is specified).
# -detach
# Increase debugging level (same as -d). If this option is given,
pppd
# will log the contents of all control packets sent or received in a
# readable form. The packets are logged through syslog with facility
# daemon and level debug. This information can be directed to a file
by
# setting up /etc/syslog.conf appropriately (see syslog.conf(5)). (If
# pppd is compiled with extra debugging enabled, it will log messages
# using facility local2 instead of daemon).
# debug
# Enable debugging code in the kernel-level PPP driver. The argument
n
# is a number which is the sum of the following values: 1 to enable
# general debug messages, 2 to request that the contents of received
# packets be printed, and 4 to request that the contents of
transmitted
# packets be printed.
# kdebug n
# Set the name of the local system for authentication purposes to <n>.
# This will probably have to be set to your ISP user name if you are
# using PAP/CHAP.
# name <n>
# Set the user name to use for authenticating this machine with the
peer
# using PAP to <u>.
# Do NOT use this if you are using 'name' above!
# user adler
# Set the assumed name of the remote system for authentication
purposes
# to <n>.
# remotename <n>
# Add an entry to this system's ARP [Address Resolution Protocol]
# table with the IP address of the peer and the Ethernet address of
this
# system.
# proxyarp
# If this option is given, pppd will send an LCP echo-request frame to
# the peer every n seconds. Under Linux, the echo-request is sent when
# no packets have been received from the peer for n seconds. Normally
# the peer should respond to the echo-request by sending an
echo-reply.
# This option can be used with the lcp-echo-failure option to detect
# that the peer is no longer connected.
# lcp-echo-interval 7
# If this option is given, pppd will presume the peer to be dead if n
# LCP echo-requests are sent without receiving a valid LCP echo-reply.
# If this happens, pppd will terminate the connection. Use of this
# option requires a non-zero value for the lcp-echo-interval
parameter.
# This option can be used to enable pppd to terminate after the
physical
# connection has been broken (e.g., the modem has hung up) in
# situations where no hardware modem control lines are available.
# lcp-echo-failure 20
# Set the LCP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to <n> seconds
# (default 3).
# lcp-restart 15
# Set the maximum number of LCP terminate-request transmissions to <n>
# (default 3).
# lcp-max-terminate 3
# Set the maximum number of LCP configure-request transmissions to <n>
# (default 10).
# Some PPP servers are slow to start up. You may need to increase this
# if you keep getting 'serial line looped back' errors and your are
SURE
# that you have logged in correctly and PPP should be starting on the
server.
# lcp-max-configure 10
# Set the maximum number of LCP configure-NAKs returned before
starting
# to send configure-Rejects instead to <n> (default 10).
# lcp-max-failure 10
# If you are using ENCRYPTED secrets in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
# file, then uncomment the following line.
# Note: this is NOT the same as using MS encrypted passwords as can be
# set up in MS RAS on Windows NT.
# +papcrypt
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Chetan Ahuja)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking
Subject: Routing question... (second try)
Date: 19 Mar 1999 00:40:11 GMT
Hi,
This is my second try at this question... My last post about a weekor so
ago didn't get me any answers... if this doesn't get me an answer,
I will go out and buy a bloody book on the topic I swear... ;-)
I am on a TCI cable network. At various times of the day, my connection is
so clogged as to make me wish for a good old 14.4 modem. Running traceroute from
inside and from various points outside the network has led to the discoveries that
a) the routing of traffic is ALWAYS asymmetric.. ie. outgoing packets are
ALWAYS using a different route than the incoming packets.
b) The first hop out of my cable modem IS definitely the bottleneck.
And incoming packets always have a much faster path in general than
outgoing packets.
So now my obvious thought is how do I make sure that the outgoing packets take
the same path the inocoming packets are taking. Basically I want to control the
first hop out of the cable modem. I am not clear on my routing/gateway concepts.
So could somebody tell me how to achieve this with a 2.0.37 kernel linux system.
( I am willing to upgrade/downgrade the kernel if needed). Reading the man pages for
route/ifconfig is only confusing me more. Is it under my control at all...???
Thanks
Chetan Ahuja
--
------------------------------
From: Tom <"NOSPAM propsync"@stratos.net>
Crossposted-To: alt.linux,alt.os.linux
Subject: Re: Help me with experiment
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 20:01:08 -0500
I have completed this experiment and managed to get linux to work with only
a few files. Its pretty interesting how small it is. You can see what
needs to be done if you point your browser to
http://members.stratos.net/propsync
propsync wrote:
> Hello
>
> I have 2 partitions on my harddrive. The first one has the redhat linux
> distribution on it. On the second partition, I want to create a bare
> bones linux system by copying the necessary files from partition 1 to
> partition 2. My goal is to see just how small I can get the operating
> system. The first thing I did was to create the filesystem (ext2) on
> partition 2. My next move was to add this partition to lilo to enable
> it to boot. The third thing I did was to copy vmlinuz to the /boot
> directory that I created. When I attempt to boot from partition 2, the
> system freezes by saying "cannot find the console" or something like
> that. Can anyone help me by specifying what files I need to copy to the
> second partition to get it to boot?
>
> thanks
------------------------------
From: Jerry Normandin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: New Linux-Logos
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 19:11:59 -0500
Since Linux assimulates the best of what's out there and
adds the code to the Linux Collective, I'd like to see
a Penguin Borg.
Andreas Stubenrauch wrote:
>
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>
> Due to the demand of some more (and more general usable) Linux-Pics
> we've done some artwork wich is now available on:
>
> http://www.gigaperls.org/linux/
>
> Insipred by Tux there are more penguins awaiting your download and
> usage.
> Feel free to comment or even ask for more. (There are more to come
> anyway)
>
> stubus
>
> - --
> This article has been digitally signed by the moderator, using PGP.
> http://www.iki.fi/mjr/cola-public-key.asc has PGP key for validating signature.
> Send submissions for comp.os.linux.announce to: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> PLEASE remember a short description of the software and the LOCATION.
> This group is archived at http://www.iki.fi/mjr/linux/cola.html
>
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> Version: 2.6.3ia
> Charset: latin1
>
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------------------------------
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking
Subject: Re: Routing question... (second try)
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 20:12:47 -0500
i believe its going to be out of your control, from my understanding cable
networking has a much lower bandwidth (xfer rate) then download... download
can be past 10MB/sec while the upload is much less than 1/2 that. sorry bud
think your stuck
merrett
------------------------------
From: Joe Keane <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.emacs
Subject: Re: binary Emacs 20.x for i386?
Date: 18 Mar 1999 20:12:42 -0800
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>I don't remember exactly, but I think one problem was that the DOC
>file was broken.
Oh that. If you mean Emacs showing random fragments of documentation
instead of what you want, i've seen it on various systems since before
Linux existed. Arguably the RH folks were not as careful as possible,
but it seems clear that Emacs does this without much provocation.
--
Joe Keane, amateur mathematician
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.system
Subject: ANNOUNCE: Kernel Traffic #10 is Now Available
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 13:22:19 GMT
The latest issue of the Kernel Traffic weekly newsletter is at
<http://www.kt.opensrc.org>
It covers a number of threads on the linux-kernel development
mailing list.
Enjoy!
============= Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ============
http://www.dejanews.com/ Search, Read, Discuss, or Start Your Own
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: How do you add up decimals under bash?
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 1999 01:05:42 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Hans Koch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I am trying to add up decimals that are contained in a string. I know
> how to
> > do this for integers using expr eg >expr 1 + 3 + 5 9
> >
> > How do I do this for floats ? eg
> > >expr 12.3 + 34.5 + 67.3 fails as
> > non numeric arguments
>
> expr does not know about floats
> (should have been mentioned in the gnu man pages)
>
> But you can use awk, e.g. as follows
>
> echo '12.3 34.5 67.3' | awk '{ print $1 + $2 + $3 }'
>
> Improvements depend on exactly what you want to do
> (more summand, adding numbers in a file, ...).
>
> - Hans Koch
>
>
Thanks Hans I'll give it a go
============= Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ============
http://www.dejanews.com/ Search, Read, Discuss, or Start Your Own
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 18 Mar 1999 20:00:14 -0500
From: One of the Sussmans <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: where's "make"?
I've got RH 5.2 & KDE installed & it's working quite well. Problem is
that, never being satisfied, I wanted MORE programs. So I downloaded,
unzipped, & untarred, a simple one, & then I typed make (because there
was a makefile in the directory). Linux tells me that there ain't no
such command (or words to that effect). So where's make? Should I
re-install something? Is something missing in my path? & if so, what
should I put in, & where might that path be? All the documentation says
that make is just there; none indicates how to get it or where its
supposed to be. It assumes some inborn unix knowledge that I apparently
lack. Imagine my shame. Thanks for any help.
------------------------------
From: Neil Bryden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
linux.redhat.rpm,linux.redhat.misc,linux.redhat.devel,linux.redhat.development,rmit.comp.os.linux
Subject: socket++ compile under egcs
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 1999 14:38:20 +1000
Hi,
Has anyone managed to compile libsocket++ under egcs 2.90.27 (Redhat
5.1)? I get a 'EPROCLIM undeclared' as well as many other errors.
Thanks,
Neil Bryden
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Michal Jaegermann)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.x
Subject: Re: Stupid Newbie tricks (Add this to list)
Date: 19 Mar 1999 04:41:14 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
JACK ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
: stupid newbie tricks. here 's a few
: -run fdisk /mbr (a win95 command) on a duel boot with out having a
: linux boot floppy
You can do that on machines I have around as many times as you want to
without affecting Linux a single bit. I install lilo on MBR **only**
when there are no other options and if you have '95 around there are
other options - obviously enough. On an installation where the first
disk is practically 'doze only I have a minimal Linux boot partition as
this is much better idea than lilo on MBR. Let's leave Bill to play
with himself - we have better things to do.
Last, but not least, with Billyware on your disk you can always use
'loadlin' - not instead of 'lilo', or another boot loader, but as
another boot option. A hint: they can even use the same kernel.
Nothing requires your boot image to be located on a Linux partition.
As long as it can be found somewhere it is fine. Boot loader knows only
its absolute location on a disk anyway.
If you have only Linux on your Intel machine then indeed lilo has to
go on MBR but then you will have problems runnnig 'fdisk /mbr'. :-)
Michal
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (walt moffett)
Subject: Re: LINUX on an iMac
Date: 19 Mar 1999 05:02:31 GMT
On 17 Mar 1999 10:31:30 -0500, Don Saklad <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Can LINUX be run on an iMac?...
if it can't those flashbacks they promised me have finally started....
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
