Linux-Misc Digest #521, Volume #26 Mon, 11 Dec 00 09:13:01 EST
Contents:
Re: What is the command to . . . ? (Sebastian Hans)
Re: network login (Sebastian Hans)
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (Uwe Bonnes)
how to know when last accessed..... (Bulent Sarinc)
Re: lost file on erased partition (alex k)
Re: The best SQL server ("Peter T. Breuer")
Re: /etc/exports ("Peter T. Breuer")
Re: lost file on erased partition ("Peter T. Breuer")
Re: Debian-Tuning (Sebastian Hans)
Re: ISDN connection drops (Oswald Knoppers)
Re: What is the command to . . . ? (Josef Moellers)
monitoring permissions (Bob Tennent)
Re: Replicating a Linux box (Sebastian Hans)
anyone got recommendations for laptops? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (Igor)
Re: Debian-Tuning (Tatu Saily)
Re: Need help trying to patch the kernel. ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (-ljl-)
Re: xterm and aliases (Bill Delphenich)
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (Bruce Stephens)
Re: ramdisk size (-ljl-)
Re: ISDN connection drops (Floyd Davidson)
Re: ramdisk size (Timo Benk)
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (Daniel Haude)
Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another? (Daniel Haude)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Sebastian Hans <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
alt.os.linux.mandrake,alt.os.linux.slackware,alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions,comp.os.linux.development.system,comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: What is the command to . . . ?
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:34:30 +0100
Josef Moellers wrote:
>
> Allen Wong wrote:
> >
> > In alt.os.linux.slackware Markus Amersdorfer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > > [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > > find . -name '*.txt' -exec grep "Hello World" {} \;
> >
> > This works, but it's alot slower than "find . -type f -name '*.txt' -print |
> > xargs grep "Hello World".
>
> These solutions won't tell where they found the match.
> Markus' solution can be enhanced to do that:
> find . -name '*.txt' -exec grep "Hello World" {} \; -print
But this will always print the filename, even if the string is not found
in the file.
seb
--
-------------------=====#####OOOOOOOO#####=====----c---c----------
sebastian hans - [EMAIL PROTECTED] `\O/' don't panic
student of comp sci - technical university of munich \-^-/ ...just RUN
i'm a .signature virus! copy me into your ~/.signature to help me spread
------------------------------
From: Sebastian Hans <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: network login
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:36:11 +0100
Lodo Nicolino wrote:
>
> When i try to login i get the message "login incorrect".
> If i login as a normal user i am in and i can do su root.
> I added in the file /etc/securetty the string "pst/0", but nothing had
> changed.
It's pts/0, not pst/0.
HTH
seb
--
-------------------=====#####OOOOOOOO#####=====----c---c----------
sebastian hans - [EMAIL PROTECTED] `\O/' don't panic
student of comp sci - technical university of munich \-^-/ ...just RUN
i'm a .signature virus! copy me into your ~/.signature to help me spread
------------------------------
From: Uwe Bonnes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: 11 Dec 2000 12:26:39 GMT
In comp.os.linux.misc Igor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: In DOS, there is a program LOADLIN.EXE, which allows me to start
: an arbitrary version of linux from within DOS.
: What I want is to be able to start (switch to) another version
: of kernel from within linux itself. I do not mean just switching
: a kernel at runtime with all apps still running, I understand
: that it is impossible. I would like to just kind of boot to another
: server.
: The reason for it is that I have a remote colocated server on which I
: would like to try various kernels. But I want it to boot to a stable
: version of linux. So I cannot just go around and modify lilo.conf all
: the time.
There is a user-mode linux kernel.
--
Uwe Bonnes [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Institut fuer Kernphysik Schlossgartenstrasse 9 64289 Darmstadt
========= Tel. 06151 162516 ======== Fax. 06151 164321 ==========
------------------------------
From: Bulent Sarinc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: how to know when last accessed.....
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:51:02 +0100
with pop3
telnet
ftp
at all how to know when a user has accessed last time the server with
any protocol.
finger -m <username> doesn't tell much
thanx in advance
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: alex k <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: lost file on erased partition
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 12:47:25 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Jean-David Beyer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> There are ways to recover a partition table. I am not familiar with
> them, but others will surely either tell you or refer you to
> documentation on how to do it.
>
i am not trying to recover the whole partition...
only that one file.
no one knows how to find where it is on the disk??
> Another alternative would be to just get it off your backup media.
heh, in which case i wouldn't be asking in here.
actually i just bought a 540meg drive for that purpose.
shit, why didn't i install and use it? grrr:)
--
.
.
...: [ ~~~~~~~ ] :...
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: The best SQL server
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:04:37 GMT
WME <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I should go with the crowd then. I'm already burnt from using Slackware
> instead of redhat. Every answer on the net favors Redhat.
Eh? I favour slackware. I can't stand redhat. Where do you get your
info from? Slackware is a robust, elegant, efficient distro. Redhat is
a mass of bugs and messups and complicated obscurantist voodoo.
>> MySQL is incredibly easy to install. rpm -Uvh mysql*.rpm and you're
And I run mysql on slackware just fine! installpkg mysql.tgz and there
you are (read the README).
pstree:
...
|-rpc.ypxfrd
|-rpciod
|-rrd
|-rwhod
|-safe_mysqld---mysqld---mysqld---mysqld
|-sendmail
...
Peter
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: /etc/exports
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:04:42 GMT
In comp.os.linux.misc [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Do I have to restart my computer each time I change /etc/exports ?
> Is there any other way?
Yes, don't. What do you want to restart your computer FOR? So that
rc.nfsd and rc.mountd can reread /etc/exports? Restart them. These
days a -1 signal is probably enough.
Peter
------------------------------
From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: lost file on erased partition
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:04:47 GMT
alex k <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> shortly: how do i find a (text) file that lived on a ext2fs partition
> that got deleted in fdisk?
> the file lived happily, until one day win98 was to be installed and
> f**ked up the partition table.
Put back the partition table. Use gnu parted? Or whatever their
partition searcher is called ...
Peter
------------------------------
From: Sebastian Hans <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Debian-Tuning
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 14:00:51 +0100
Martin wrote:
>
> Hi,
> I�m using Debian 2.2 ("potato"). I�ve got several questions and I hope you
> can help me to answer some of them:
>
> 1) When I�ve worked as a normal user and press Ctrl-D, the screen is cleared
> and the login-prompt appears. This is not the case when I�ve worked as root!
> What do I have to do that the screen is *always* cleared?
The getty program called from /etc/inittab should do this for you.
Do you have a special console you use for root logins like tty1?
If so, maybe there is an option set in /etc/inittab that says not to
clear the screen. I'm running potato, too. I'm using mgetty. It does
clear my screen upon logout. It's not the default, though, if I recall
correctly. Install mgetty and look for the lines similar to
1:1234:respawn:getty tty1
or something and put mgetty in there instead of the default getty.
I don't remember the syntax exactly, but it should be something like
1:1234:respawn:mgetty tty1
> 2) When I use the console of KDE (~1.9) it�s totally different from the
> text-mode: There are different colors used (e. g. "ls") and KDE ignores my
> "/etc/profile"-aliases I�ve defined. How to change ...?
/etc/profile is processed only on login. Starting a console doesn't give
you a login shell. If you are using bash, put your aliases in your
~/.bashrc to make bash load them every time you start a new shell.
If you are using some other shell, look the correct filename up in the
man page.
> 3) When I mount a Windows NTFS-Partition, some special characters -- like
> German "�" -- are not shown correctly (looks like reading a binary file with
> a texteditor). What can I do?
This is a common problem resulting from a difference in the character
encodings used by MSProducts and *nix. You can convert them with recode.
man recode
HTH
seb
--
-------------------=====#####OOOOOOOO#####=====----c---c----------
sebastian hans - [EMAIL PROTECTED] `\O/' don't panic
student of comp sci - technical university of munich \-^-/ ...just RUN
i'm a .signature virus! copy me into your ~/.signature to help me spread
------------------------------
From: Oswald Knoppers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: ISDN connection drops
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 14:04:13 +0100
Aulne wrote:
> Thanks. What is the principle behind this timeout for ISDN lines? To save
> money in phone line costs or does it pertain to some technicality?
I would guess costs. In my case I have set the value to 300 seconds.
Oswald
------------------------------
From: Josef Moellers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To:
alt.os.linux.mandrake,alt.os.linux.slackware,alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions,comp.os.linux.development.system,comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.hardware,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: What is the command to . . . ?
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 14:07:43 +0100
Sebastian Hans wrote:
> =
> Josef Moellers wrote:
[ ... ]
> > These solutions won't tell where they found the match.
> > Markus' solution can be enhanced to do that:
> > find . -name '*.txt' -exec grep "Hello World" {} \; -print
> =
> But this will always print the filename, even if the string is not foun=
d
> in the file.
No, it will not. The three items (terms?)
-name '*.txt'
-exec grep "Hello World" {} \;
-print
are implicitly connected by -a (and) operators and short-circuited.
Thus grep will only be exec-ed if the name matches '*.txt' and the name
will only be print-ed if the grep is exec-ed and returns "true" (i.e.
exits with 0) which it only does if matches were found.
-- =
Josef M=F6llers (Pinguinpfleger bei FSC)
If failure had no penalty success would not be a prize (T. Pratchett)
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bob Tennent)
Subject: monitoring permissions
Date: 11 Dec 2000 12:50:05 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Some program on my system is changing the permissions on
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.dir to 600, which creates a problem when I
subsequently re-boot. How can I trap the guilty program?
Bob T.
------------------------------
From: Sebastian Hans <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux
Subject: Re: Replicating a Linux box
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 14:15:41 +0100
Shawn Smith wrote:
>
> Hello all,
>
> At work, I have a live server. I am getting a new computer where I am
> to replace the old server with this new one. I have been using Linux
> at home for fun since '94 so I am comfortable w/ it. I, however, have
> never had to completely copy one machine to another. It seems simple,
> but just in case.
Put the HD of the new computer in your old one, fdisk it,
mount /dev/rootpartitiononnewdrive /mnt
cd /
cp -pRd * /mnt
# you may want to add -x to copy only files on the root partition in
# case you have more than one partition mounted and want to preserve
# this structure
umount /mnt
Repeat for every partition.
Do magic with lilo or something to get it installed in the MBR of the
new HD, so that it will work even when the HD becomes the first one.
Put new HD back in new computer AFTER ensuring that your current config
will work with the new hardware at least long enough to configure it
correctly.
Boot and hope.
HAND
seb
--
-------------------=====#####OOOOOOOO#####=====----c---c----------
sebastian hans - [EMAIL PROTECTED] `\O/' don't panic
student of comp sci - technical university of munich \-^-/ ...just RUN
i'm a .signature virus! copy me into your ~/.signature to help me spread
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: anyone got recommendations for laptops?
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:13:23 GMT
hi
i'm currently thinkning of getting a laptop which i intend to install
linux on (make is either going to be a sony viao or a panasonic laptop
since i've heard some good reviews, albiet not 'linux' based reviews)
and am wondering if anyone out there has any strong
recommendations/dont-touch-with-12foot-pole.
thanks
P
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Igor)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: 11 Dec 2000 13:22:23 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Uwe Bonnes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
* In comp.os.linux.misc Igor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
* : In DOS, there is a program LOADLIN.EXE, which allows me to start
* : an arbitrary version of linux from within DOS.
*
* : What I want is to be able to start (switch to) another version
* : of kernel from within linux itself. I do not mean just switching
* : a kernel at runtime with all apps still running, I understand
* : that it is impossible. I would like to just kind of boot to another
* : server.
*
* : The reason for it is that I have a remote colocated server on which I
* : would like to try various kernels. But I want it to boot to a stable
* : version of linux. So I cannot just go around and modify lilo.conf all
* : the time.
*
* There is a user-mode linux kernel.
What is it? Where can I get one?
Anyway, perhaps I was not clear. It is OK for me to type some command,
like
run-other-kernel /path/to/other/kernel
which would completely switch me into it, with no return. That's fine.
VMware is much more than what I need (and since I have no access to
the terminal, vmware is of no help)
I just want to do it from the shell, not from lilo.
***********************************************************************
Do your algebra homework at http://www.algebra.com
Solve: x^2+4x+3=0 Plot: y=3*sin(x^2) Ask Questions Word Problems
***********************************************************************
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Tatu Saily)
Subject: Re: Debian-Tuning
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:25:15 +0000 (UTC)
On Sun, 10 Dec 2000 20:34:11 +0100, Martin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>1) When I�ve worked as a normal user and press Ctrl-D, the screen is cleared
>and the login-prompt appears. This is not the case when I�ve worked as root!
>What do I have to do that the screen is *always* cleared?
Your system's normal users probably have a file called .bash_logout in their
home directories. Copy it to root's home directory too or just make one that
has the command 'clear'.
--
Tatu S�ily - http://www.jyu.fi/~tssaily/
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Need help trying to patch the kernel.
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:17:19 GMT
That is not what it is like in RH 7.0. In /usr/src there is only a
redhat directory and some subdirectories. No linux directory. There
is also no files in the redhat directory or subdirectories (yes, I'm
viewing hidden files.)
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On Fri, 08 Dec 2000 15:15:50 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> >I have:
> >Dell Optiplex
> >RH 7.0 (custom install)
> >Kernel 2.2.16-22
> >
> >I have installed some software (vmware) and on configuration it tell
me
> >that it has problems working under kernel 2.2.16-22
> >
> >I downloaded the patch-2.2.17.gz from www.kernel.org. All the
> >instructions I have come across say that the original kernel source
> >should be in the /usr/src/ directory with a slink to /usr/src/linux
and
> >to run 'patch -p0 < patch-2.2.17'. I don't have any thing in
> >the /usr/src directory other than a RedHat directory with a bunch of
> >subdirectories, but no files.
> >
> >Question: Where did the RH7.0 install the source files for the
> >kernel. Would it just be easier to download the full 2.2.17 kernel,
> >compile it and go with that, or am I missing something when I am
trying
> >to patch the kernel I have.
> >
> >I have neither compiled or patched a kernel before so proceedure is
new
> >too me, although I am somewhat familiar with Linux.
> >
> >Also 2.4 is not out yet is it?
>
> Maybe you didn't install the kernel source. You have to explicitly
> select that during installation -- or later, using rpm.
>
> Under RedHat 6.2 the kernel source ends up exactly where your
> documentation indicates: under /usr/src/linux-(version) with a symlink
> /usr/src/linux linking to it.
>
> -Lee Allen
>
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: -ljl- <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:22:44 GMT
In article <912h5v$cqt$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Uwe Bonnes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> In comp.os.linux.misc Igor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> : In DOS, there is a program LOADLIN.EXE, which allows me to start
> : an arbitrary version of linux from within DOS.
>
> : What I want is to be able to start (switch to) another version
> : of kernel from within linux itself. I do not mean just switching
> : a kernel at runtime with all apps still running, I understand
> : that it is impossible. I would like to just kind of boot to another
> : server.
>
> : The reason for it is that I have a remote colocated server on which
I
> : would like to try various kernels. But I want it to boot to a stable
> : version of linux. So I cannot just go around and modify lilo.conf
all
> : the time.
>
> There is a user-mode linux kernel.
Where?
--
Louis-ljl-{ Louis J. LaBash, Jr. }
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Bill Delphenich <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: xterm and aliases
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 08:38:22 -0500
Floyd Davidson wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Timo Benk) wrote:
> >Hi,
> >
> >Where can I set an alias for an xterm?
> >The aliases which i defined in my .bash_profile as well as in .alias does
> >not work in an xterm :-(
>
> You need to review the man page for bash, in the section on
> invocation. Note that an alias in not exported to a sub-shell,
> and hence it must be in an init file that is read by the shell
> where you want to use it.
>
> Basically, bash read init files in this manner (though
> apparantly there are some system specific variations that exit
> with some distributions, e.g. an /etc/bashrc file may be read on
> some distributions):
>
> All login shells:
>
> Read the file /etc/profile and then look for the first
> of ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile in that
> order.
>
> All non-login interactive shells:
>
> Read the file ~/.bashrc only.
>
> All non-login non-interactive shells:
>
> Read a file defined by the variable BASH_ENV only.
>
> Without going into all of the reasons why or the details of
> other just as useful plans, one way to set up a system is to
> have /etc/profile provide an absolute minimal environment just
> sufficient to be functional.
>
> Then each user can customize that environment by putting
> terminal configuration, PATH, and BASH_ENV definitions (all of
> which need to be done only one time per login) into
> ~/.bash_profile (or ~/.bash_login or ~/.profile).
>
> Commonly the BASH_ENV variable is set to ~/.bashrc so that both
> interactive and non-interactive sub-shells all have the same
> environment.
>
> Then all aliases are defined in ~/.bashrc and become available
> to all shells. Note that environment variables and functions
> could be placed into either ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc because
> they will be exported to sub-shells, unlike an alias definition
>
> --
> Floyd L. Davidson <http://www.ptialaska.net/~floyd>
> Ukpeagvik (Barrow, Alaska) [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Wow, excellent post! That is the best explanation for all that I have ever
seen.
However, I have been wrestling with these issues in Red Hat 7 and it doesn't
seem to follow these rules. I have named aliases in all the usual places
(like ~/.bashrc) , and they simply don't work when I pop up an xterm window
in KDE or GNOME. I think they bunged something up in there and I haven't
found anyone yet who seems to have figured it out.
BTW, if I boot up to a command prompt, everything works like it should.
------------------------------
From: Bruce Stephens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: 11 Dec 2000 13:45:09 +0000
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Igor) writes:
> Uwe Bonnes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
[...]
> * There is a user-mode linux kernel.
>
> What is it? Where can I get one?
<http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/>. It lets you run a kernel
as an ordinary user process; it doesn't replace the existing kernel.
> Anyway, perhaps I was not clear. It is OK for me to type some command,
> like
>
> run-other-kernel /path/to/other/kernel
>
> which would completely switch me into it, with no return. That's fine.
> VMware is much more than what I need (and since I have no access to
> the terminal, vmware is of no help)
You want a linux equivalent to loadlin? I don't think such a thing
exists, although I think there's been discussion on the linux-kernel
list before---you could probably look at that to see whether anybody's
written such a thing (or why it's not been done, if that turns out to
be the case).
How about writing a script to edit /etc/lilo.conf, run lilo, and
reboot? Would that be sufficient? You wouldn't need a console for
that (since the normal booting process loads the default kernel after
a configurable delay)---most PCs require a terminal and keyboard on
boot, but if you're running the machine without these, presumably
you've fixed that already.
------------------------------
From: -ljl- <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: ramdisk size
Date: Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:36:31 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On 10 Dec 2000 17:59:01 GMT, Timo Benk staggered into the Black Sun
and said:
> >Is it possible to set the size of /dev/ram0 after booting?
>
> RAMdisk size is set by the rd_size parameter if you load rd.o as a
> module, or by the kernel command line if it's built in. AFAICT, you
> must unload and reload the module to change RAMdisk size, and there's
no
> way to alter snything in /proc to change the size of a RAMdisk.
> Sorry....
Are you sure about this. Here is an excerpts from
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt:
...
Now the RAM disk dynamically grows as more space is required.
This statement indicates this has been true for several years.
...
As of kernel v1.3.48, the RAM disk driver was substantially changed.
--
Louis-ljl-{ Louis J. LaBash, Jr. }
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Floyd Davidson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: ISDN connection drops
Date: 11 Dec 2000 04:49:57 -0900
Aulne <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> Oswald Knoppers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> Aulne wrote:
>
>> > About this, though I have no hint at the moment where to look for
>> > documentation and config files.
>
>> The timeout is set in /etc/isdn/profile/ippp.default, check for
>> I4L_IDLETIME.
>
>Thanks. What is the principle behind this timeout for ISDN lines? To save
>money in phone line costs or does it pertain to some technicality?
Think about it in terms of ISP charges, which very much depend on
the "cost per seat" they pay to make the service available.
If each ISDN user disconnects after a very short period of idle
time each ISDN "modem" at the ISP can perhaps handle 100 times
as many users, maybe more, compared to what can be handled if
each user stays connected 100% of the time.
That clearly will influence how many ISDN accounts an ISP is
likely to support and how much each will be billed.
ISDN is very different than a normal POTS dialup modem
connection, because ISDN call setup is fractions of seconds and
a POTS call may take more than a minute for the modem to
negotiate a connection. The first is an un-noticed delay for
a restart, the second is an excessively annoying wait.
--
Floyd L. Davidson <http://www.ptialaska.net/~floyd>
Ukpeagvik (Barrow, Alaska) [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Timo Benk)
Subject: Re: ramdisk size
Date: 11 Dec 2000 13:58:33 GMT
Hi,
On Mon, 11 Dec 2000 13:36:31 GMT, -ljl- <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> On 10 Dec 2000 17:59:01 GMT, Timo Benk staggered into the Black Sun
>and said:
>> >Is it possible to set the size of /dev/ram0 after booting?
>>
>> RAMdisk size is set by the rd_size parameter if you load rd.o as a
>> module, or by the kernel command line if it's built in. AFAICT, you
>> must unload and reload the module to change RAMdisk size, and there's
>no
>> way to alter snything in /proc to change the size of a RAMdisk.
>> Sorry....
>
>Are you sure about this. Here is an excerpts from
>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt:
>...
> Now the RAM disk dynamically grows as more space is required.
>
>This statement indicates this has been true for several years.
>...
> As of kernel v1.3.48, the RAM disk driver was substantially changed.
I have read that, too, but what is the meaning of that?
Let's say i have got a ramdisk /dev/ram0. Now I create a filesystem on it:
mke2fs /dev/ram0
How can the size grow dynamically when there is a fs on it ???
The fs must grow too.
-timo
--
.-'~~~-.
.'o oOOOo`. | Timo Benk
;~~~-.oOo o`. | Germany
`. \ ~-. oOOo. | Registered Linux User #186431
`.; / ~. OO: |
.' ;-- `.o.' |
,' ; ~~--'~ | Fax/Voicemail: +49891488214215
; ; |
_\\;_\\//_
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Daniel Haude)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: 11 Dec 2000 14:03:27 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On 11 Dec 2000 12:01:28 GMT,
Igor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote
in Msg. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
| What I want is to be able to start (switch to) another version
| of kernel from within linux itself. I do not mean just switching
| a kernel at runtime with all apps still running, I understand
| that it is impossible. I would like to just kind of boot to another
| server.
|
| The reason for it is that I have a remote colocated server on which I
| would like to try various kernels. But I want it to boot to a stable
| version of linux. So I cannot just go around and modify lilo.conf all
| the time.
|
| Any idea?
Maybe lilo -R will help you; i.e.:
# lilo -R testkernel && reboot
will boot the "testkernel" section of your lilo.conf file exactly once
before falling back to the default kernel. I.e. if your new kernel freezes
you can just reboot to the old kernel without having to touch lilo.conf.
If this doesn't help you I didn't understand your original question ;-)
--Daniel
--
"The obvious mathematical breakthrough would be development of an easy
way to factor large prime numbers." -- Bill Gates, "The Road Ahead"
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Daniel Haude)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: About Starting ONE kernel from WITHIN another?
Date: 11 Dec 2000 14:06:09 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On 11 Dec 2000 13:45:09 +0000,
Bruce Stephens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote
in Msg. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
| How about writing a script to edit /etc/lilo.conf, run lilo, and
| reboot? Would that be sufficient?
Either that or lilo -R, as I pointed out in another post
--Daniel
--
"The obvious mathematical breakthrough would be development of an easy
way to factor large prime numbers." -- Bill Gates, "The Road Ahead"
------------------------------
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