Linux-Networking Digest #791, Volume #9           Tue, 5 Jan 99 23:13:38 EST

Contents:
  Re: . Pop3 HELP! ("Marco Magagnini")
  Re: IBM PCI Token Ring (Stuart Nuttall)
  Re: IBM PCI Token Ring (Kazin)
  Re: Problems with DIP. (Maurie Daly)
  Re: How do I get W98 to see Linux box/shares? (Mark Cooperstein)
  3com ImpactIQ ISDN Terminal Adapter Question ("Felix Dominguez")
  Re: cant connect to apache ("greyman")
  Newbie: Linux Proxy in NT domain ("Vincent J. Romeo")
  Re: Is it possible to see Linux over network with Win 98? (Mark Cooperstein)
  Re: NFS mount problem (Allen Wong)
  Re: modems (simple question on modems) (Mark Cooperstein)
  Re: Telnet as root (Jason P. Holland)
  Re: Strange Networking problem (Brian McCauley)
  IP ACCOUNTING (Torsten Blank)
  ISDN card setup problems (Richard Mann)
  Ipfwadm queries (Tom Elsesser)
  Re: NFS mount problem (Tobias Haustein)
  RedHat 5.2 and pcmcia question? (Michael Kalisz)
  Re: @home Cable modem ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
  IP Masquerade (David Akins)
  Re: RedHat 5.2 and pcmcia question? (tmf)
  Help with Linux (tandg)
  Re: [ "${GATEWAY}" ] && ("Khalid M. Baheyeldin")

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: "Marco Magagnini" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.linux,alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux.help
Subject: Re: . Pop3 HELP!
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1999 15:44:17 +0100

Do you have installed pop/imap server? I don't think that RadHat
distribution came with these servers.
If you do not you can obtain it at www.imap.org.

Marco

[EMAIL PROTECTED] ha scritto nel messaggio
<76rqel$a8t$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>Hash: SHA1
>
>I just installed RedHat 5.2 on a new computer. I added some users and
>everything seems to be working just fine. But when I try to connect to
>the server using a pop3 client (outlook express) I keep getting error
>messages like this one.
>
>"Your server has unexpectedly terminated the connection. Possible
>causes for this include server problems, network porblems, or a long
>period of inactivity. Account: 'pmi.netmagicu.com', Server:
>'pmi.netmagicu.com;',Protocol: POP3, Port: 110, Secure(SSL) No, Error
>Number: 0x800CCC0F:"
>
>I have almost gone crazy trying to figure this out. Any help would be
>greatly appreciated.
>
>Thanks
>    Max Clark
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
>Version: PGP 6.0.2
>
>iQA/AwUBNpFsQUTs2GJkspS/EQIr7wCguYywFVOTU/gJ289ZD3AtEYwZIs8AoJQC
>edwwLjimZOuJa5ehpAdhAcCG
>=cELK
>-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
>
>
>
>



------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Stuart Nuttall)
Subject: Re: IBM PCI Token Ring
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 15:07:04 GMT


>Does anybody here know anything about whether there is a driver for
>IBM's PCI Token Ring card? Maybe somebody is developing such a thing?

There is no such driver at the moment - and, as of checking a couple of
weeks ago, there is no such development taking place.


Stuart - resigned to using an Olicom ISA card :(

------------------------------

From: Kazin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: IBM PCI Token Ring
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 21:40:45 -0500

Stuart Nuttall wrote:
> 
> >Does anybody here know anything about whether there is a driver for
> >IBM's PCI Token Ring card? Maybe somebody is developing such a thing?
> 
> There is no such driver at the moment - and, as of checking a couple of
> weeks ago, there is no such development taking place.
> 
> Stuart - resigned to using an Olicom ISA card :(

        You could always try an Olicom PCI card, both the 3136 and 3137 work
great in Linux (on x86 hardware only).  I use the 3136 in two of my
machines.
        I just wish there was an Alpha version of that driver, I'm stuck with
ethernet on that machine at the moment.


=======================================================================
  Mike Stella                             Software / Systems Engineer
  http://www.sector13.org/kazin            Thirteen Technologies, LLC
=======================================================================

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Maurie Daly)
Subject: Re: Problems with DIP.
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 01:25:12 GMT

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Maurie 
Daly) writes:
>From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Maurie Daly)
>Subject: Problems with DIP.
>Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1999 23:49:19 GMT

>I am trying to set up a simple dial in slip server using diplogin to start 
>slip running when users log in.
>Ive had this sort of setup running with earlier Linux installations without 
>any problems.
>The users are listed in diphosts in the required manner.
>When dip starts running it displays the correct IP numbers for both the server 
>and the client , and creates a new interface called sl0 , but doesnt assign 
>the correct IP address for the new interface nor does it add the additional 
>client to the routing tables.
>An error message appears in the syslog which says
>DIP tty_login cannot TIOCSTTY: Operation not permitted.

>The version of dip is 3.3.70 and the kernel is 2.0.34.
>SLIP is compiled into the kernel.
>I can get slip to work by manually adding routes and re ifconfigging the sl0 
>interface to the correct IP address, buts its obviously not a practical 
>solution.
>The problem isnt machine specific as it occurrs on a number of differant 
>machines .

>Thanks
>Maurie Daly
>]

Solved the problem myself, obvious when you look a bit harder.
The install from CD-ROM doesnt set the SUID bit properly on the permissions 
for DIP when its run by other than root, a trap for non wary players.

cheers
MD



------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Mark Cooperstein)
Subject: Re: How do I get W98 to see Linux box/shares?
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 18:49:22 GMT

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Green Manalishi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I got Samba installed and I read the Samba HOWTO regarding smb.conf but
>it doesn't tell you how to actually do anything real from the client's
>point of view.
>
>Green
>

>From the clien'ts (meaning Win9x) point of view, SAMBA is just another SMB 
server out there.  Your linux box should appear in the Network Neighborhood, 
and you should be able to "Map Network Drives" to your Linux box just as if it 
were another PC (either Win9x or WinNT).  If you look at the smb.conf file, it 
has examples of how to setup a "share" for an smb user (Windows client).  
Also, you need to be aware that with Win98 and certain patched versions of 
Win95, MS started used encrypted passwords.  For this reason, SAMBA will not 
authenticate an MS client unless you either: turn off encrypted passwords 
(read the file C:\WINDOWS\NETWORK.TXT) in your Win98 machine and search for 
SAMBA.  Turning off encrypted passwords involves setting a windows registry 
entry, explained in network.txt.  The other option is to get a current version 
of SAMBA which will have the option to enable encrypted Microsoft passwords, 
but then you'll need to use the smbpasswd program to setup smb users/passwords 
(I think there is a file called: /etc/smbpasswd which is an ASCII file 
containing this info).

Mark

**  Remove ".nospam" when replying or email will bounce back to you...

------------------------------

From: "Felix Dominguez" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: 3com ImpactIQ ISDN Terminal Adapter Question
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1999 06:40:21 -0600

i cant seem to get my terminal adapter to connect to my isp useing both
b-channels.
my isp uses a standard text login prompt to establish a ppp connection.
im able to connect with the standard pppscripts that are produced after
running pppsetup
but when i add '&3830203' after 'atd3830203' it doesnt dial out of the
second b channel and it will
not establish a ppp conncection.  every thing is running great except for
that.

ive found little info on straight text login and isdn. everything ive read
has to deal with pap, chap and ms-chap
i called my isp and they confirmed that its just straight text.

any ideas
felix

please post and send responds via email my isp is under going maintence and
im using a public news server thats very slow






------------------------------

From: "greyman" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: cant connect to apache
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 01:14:02 +1000


Matt Chipman wrote in message <76t4rl$asb$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
[snip]
>other. Problem is the web browser cant find the server on Linux.  Keeps
>telling me the server connection could not be established.  Have i missed a
>simple step?  I noticed in the users there is no alias or group for http
...
>should there be one? ftp and telnet etc do.


Apache usually runs as 'nobody' as long as it is started as root (usually in
the init scripts).

Have you checked that a httpd process is running on the linux box? Use 'ps
aux |grep httpd' to find out. If not, you will need to look in the logs to
see what may be going wrong.

Another common problem is that the apache software has trouble finding out
what its hostname is. There is a ServerName directive in the httpd.conf file
that can overcome this. Otherwise, dig into your logs looking for lines with
the 'httpd' string in them.

Greyman
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



------------------------------

From: "Vincent J. Romeo" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Newbie: Linux Proxy in NT domain
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1999 12:49:55 -0600

I'm a newbie attempting to install Redhat 5.2 at home and investigate how
linux might help me at work.  I'd like to offload caching-proxy duties from
my NT PDC to a linux box (from what I've read this sounds do-able).  But the
catch is I'd like to be able to limit access to the proxy (and hence the
net) based on NT group membership (ie. "Internet Users").  Content filtering
would be nice, too, but is not an absolute necessity.

(This is a (private christian) high school environment and only students who
have agreed to follow the rules and whose parents have given permission can
access the 'Net.  Those who break the rules loose access.)

Can this be done?  Can someone get me started in the right direction?
Again, I'm VERY new to linux, but I've been working with NT for 3+ years.

Thanks for the help,
Vincent Romeo, Systems Manager
Madison Academy
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Mark Cooperstein)
Subject: Re: Is it possible to see Linux over network with Win 98?
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 18:56:25 GMT

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anton) wrote:
>I've set up a small network with a Linux RedHat 5.2 and a Win98
>computer. It's possible with the Linux computer to send and get files
>from the Win 98 computer with SMB. Linux sees all the Win 98 drives.
>But the Win 98 computer doesn't see Linux. What is wrong here?

Win98 uses encrypted passwords.  Unless you have a new version of SAMBA and 
have this option enabled you will need to make a registry entry in your Win98 
machines.  In your win98 machines, look for a file called NETWORK.TXT which 
should be in c:\windows.  Search for SAMBA.  It will tell you how to disable 
encrypted passwords.  After doing this, you should be able to see the Linux 
shares from Win98

Mark

**  Remove ".nospam" when replying or email will bounce back to you...

------------------------------

From: Allen Wong <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: NFS mount problem
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 11:00:49 -0800

    Are you sure that the NFS server has started nfsd?  It would
generate an error message like that if it wasn't.



------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Mark Cooperstein)
Subject: Re: modems (simple question on modems)
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 19:07:38 GMT

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Jabal Raval 
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>hi there!
>
>sorry if this is a dumb question.
>
>is it true that I have to have 10 diff. phone lines if I want to set up a
>machine that 10 people can dial in and access that machine?
>
>Thanks.
>
>E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>

Yes, and no.  If you get 10 analog POTS phone lines then you will need 10 
modems and (if the modems are external) a multiport serial card that will 
give you at least 10 serial ports.  Expensive, and not the best way to go if 
your thinking of starting up a small ISP, or setting up a VPN, or whatever.

What most ISP's are doing is going digital.  They will have several PRI's 
pulled into their POP.  A PRI (Primary Rate Interface) is a digital phone 
line that has 22 (I think it's 22...) digital or POTS lines on it.  The PRI 
itself is just one line coming from the telco.  A digital connection might be 
something like an ISDN.  If its not digital, its POTS, and it would hook to an 
analog modem.  The best way is to have the PRI hooked to a wide area network 
switch like an Ascend 4000 which is a modular box that can have 22 V.whatever 
modem's for each of the 22 incoming lines, a router, an ethernet port, and 
maybe a T1 line.  All of this in a box no bigger then a briefcase!

Of course, this stuff costs big bucks, but it's the way to go if you want to 
support many users.

ps- I'm not an expert in networking, but am fairly knowledgeable in some 
areas, so some of this info may be slightly incorrect...

Mark

**  Remove ".nospam" when replying or email will bounce back to you...

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Jason P. Holland)
Subject: Re: Telnet as root
Date: Wed, 06 Jan 1999 18:44:11 GMT

On Tue, 5 Jan 1999 08:23:03 +0200, "Bertie Price"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>To telnet as root:
>First telnet as a normal user -
>Do a "ps a" on the linux box and see what tty you came in on.
> eg "ttyp0"
>Now edit /etc/securetty and add "ttyp0" to the bottom of the file.
>You should now be able to telnet as root.
>
>
>
>

Huh?  What flavor of linux are you running?  I've never heard of this
before.


------------------------------

From: Brian McCauley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Strange Networking problem
Date: 05 Jan 1999 18:45:46 +0000

Joshua Ulery <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> When I try to telnet to the box from Win98 it takes no less than three
> minutes for it to give me a login prompt.

I believe this is currently the most frequently asked question in this
group.  It's appeared a couple of times a week (often several times a
day) for the last couple of years.  Please read previous answers to
this same question.

-- 
     \\   ( )  No male bovine  | Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  .  _\\__[oo   faeces from    | Phones: +44 121 471 3789 (home)
 .__/  \\ /\@  /~)  /~[   /\/[ |   +44 121 627 2173 (voice) 2175 (fax)
 .  l___\\    /~~) /~~[  /   [ | PGP-fp: D7 03 2A 4B D8 3A 05 37...
  # ll  l\\  ~~~~ ~   ~ ~    ~ | http://www.wcl.bham.ac.uk/~bam/
 ###LL  LL\\ (Brian McCauley)  |

------------------------------

From: Torsten Blank <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: IP ACCOUNTING
Date: 05 Jan 1999 19:48:49 +0100


Hi,

I have compiled a kernel 2.2.0 with IP firewalling turned on, and i
have an xosview with version 1.6.0, but the net meter shows just the
loopback device and not the network adapter. What is wrong here? The
'ipchains-howto' says, that i don't have to setup firewall rules.

    Torsten Blank


------------------------------

From: Richard Mann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: ISDN card setup problems
Date: Wed, 06 Jan 1999 12:02:54 +1100

I have an Eicon Diva 2.0 PCi card and it is recognised by the HiSax
driver and sets itself up with 2 channels and the protocol is the
European ISDN (which should be compatible with our Australian ISDN).
I have the lilo.conf file with append="hisax=11,2" which may be wrong.

When I use minicom to dial out I set up the serial port as ttyI0 and the
configure with ATZ, AT&Ephone_number, and then dial.
I get a pause, then press RETURN and get No CARRIER.
When I dial me ordinary home phone I get a BUSY instead.

It looks like something is happening but I don't know how to get past
this.
Can anyone help

Cheers

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Tom Elsesser)
Subject: Ipfwadm queries
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 19:47:12 GMT

Hi,
 I have some questions on ipfwadm that I can't seem to find the
answers to. I am using RH 5.2, kernel 2.0.36 on a network with 2 W95
boxes. I have samba up & running, and have established a connection
from the linux box to my ISP. I can use lynx, ncftp, and ping until
the cows come home from the linux box. I got ipfwadm installed, and
using tips gathered from http://www.nic.com/~cannon/Linux/( using the
rules almost verbatim from the example) and this group, I think I have
it installed correctly. From my W95 boxes, I can check for mail thru
the maill clients, but cannot retrieve the mail from my ISP. Using
WsFTP, I can get  a connection to  a site, but it stalls when moving
around the directories. I can access a few web sites by typing the
domain names, but most sites from my bookmarks stall at "connecting
to:". I have not tried to connect to sites using the xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
#'s . From past trials, this feels like a DNS problem, but I am not
sure. My /etc/resolv.conf (going from memory for now) is as follows:

search <my isp domain>
nameserver 209.218.168.4
nameserver  24.0.0.27

  The W95 boxes have the same #'s in the TCP/IP setup as the linux
box. I have not set up DNS on the linux box, but from what I have
gathered from scouring newsgroups, I thought that pointing to my ISP's
nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf would do the trick.  Do I have to have
DNS setup to use ipfwadm? In ipfwadm, I am using just the IP
forwarding option. Do I need masquerading also? I have not been able
to discern the difference between the 2.

Thanks for any guidance,

Tom


------------------------------

From: Tobias Haustein <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: NFS mount problem
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 17:44:00 +0100

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"Munagala V. S. Ramanath" wrote:
> I'm having a problem using NFS on my small local network if I use the
> hosts.allow/deny files under /etc. When I try
>         mount aaa:/ /aaa
> I get a failure with the message "mount: RPC not registered" on the
> client bbb; on the server aaa exporting / I see something like this in
Probably you don't close the last line in your hosts.allow file with a
newline character. I had the same problem...

Ciao,

Tobias
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------------------------------

From: Michael Kalisz <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.portable
Subject: RedHat 5.2 and pcmcia question?
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 17:36:09 +0100

Hello everyone

Does RedHat 5.2 support switching IP configuration using
the cardctl scheme??

Until now I've been running the SuSE distribution but wanted
to try RedHat for a change. I discovered that RedHat uses
a different setup for the pcmcia configuration then the
one described in the PCMCIA-Howto.

The "usual" is to have the configurations in /etc/pcmcia/network.opts
so you can switch IP-configuration with cardctl.
(Very handy, with only one file to edit)

But the RedHat distribution seems to use the files
in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts instead.

I use a lot of different IP configurations(Home,work...)
and would like a "simple" way to be able to switch between
those configurations at any time.

Should I install the "standard" pcmcia distributions setup files?
Or can linuxconf accomplish this task?


Thanks in advance

Michael

P.S Please reply to my email address since
I do not follow this list all the time.


------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: @home Cable modem
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 16:48:04 GMT

Don't know if you have tried this yet ... but with my connection to @home I
had to use the 3c900 driver.

Good luck,
B

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
  Malay Shah <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi.  Are u sure it's a 3COM Card, cause if it is, try using the 3c509 drivers,
if
> that doesn't work try the ne2k-pci.  If that seems to fail also, check with
3COM,
> cause I know you can get the driver & util. disk from there, you just need the
> model number
>
> Malay Shah
>
> Mike Frisch wrote:
>
> > On Mon, 14 Dec 1998 00:50:56 GMT, MBSHartford <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> > >I've spent the weekend trying to get to the internet via a calbe modem on
> > >Linux. I've downloaded and read the Mini How to on cable modems, and done
> > >the reconfiguration of the 3com ethernet card to an ISA rather than a PnP
> > >modem.
> > >Still, no connection.
> >
> > You'll have to provide a little more information than "Still, no
> > connection", if you're looking for help.
> >
> > Mike.
> >
> > --
> > ======================================================================
> >   Mike Frisch                         Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> >   Northstar Technologies        WWW: http://saturn.tlug.org/~mfrisch
> >   Newmarket, Ontario, CANADA
> > ======================================================================
>
>

============= Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ============
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------------------------------

From: David Akins <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: IP Masquerade
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 08:00:46 -0800

I have a Linux machine running IP Masquerade and acting as a router
between a 10BaseT network and a PPP connection.  I have a 3Com USR 56K
Internet data/fax modem and when downloading files in Netscape directly
on the Linux box I get well above 5K/sec.  When I sit at one of the
Win95 machines, I get only about 4.6K/sec.  Now this is just my rough
seat-of-the-pants observation and could actually be attributed to a
different calculation algortihm between Netscape/95 and Netscape/Linux.
Either way, anybody got other results they can share with me?  Any
suggested tweakings I can perform on PPP packet size or something?  I
noticed that there was an option in the make menuconfig to optimize the
kernel as a router.  Does this make a big difference?  Any tools I  can
use to reliably check throughput?  See below for system specs....

Linux
Machine
Win95 Test Machine
Redhat
5.2
Windows 95B OSR2
AMD
5x86-133
Intel 486DX4-100
24MB
RAM
16MB RAM
2x1.2GB IDE
drives                                                            540MB
IDE
3Com USR 56K FAX INT
3Com Fast Etherlink XL PCI 100Mb                                 3Com
3C509B Ethrlink III 10Mb
IP Masquerading compiled into Kernel
10.100.110.9, Gateway set to ISP assigned address        10.100.110.2,
Gateway set to 10.100.110.9





------------------------------

From: tmf <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.portable
Subject: Re: RedHat 5.2 and pcmcia question?
Date: 5 Jan 1999 19:20:43 GMT

The PCMCIA howto says how to use schemes. Dunno how it works under RH5.2
though. I also wonder if Linuxconf can be used for that purpose (you can
save and restore configurations with that tool, no?)

Filip Schepers

Michael Kalisz wrote:

> Hello everyone
>
> Does RedHat 5.2 support switching IP configuration using
> the cardctl scheme??
>
> Until now I've been running the SuSE distribution but wanted
> to try RedHat for a change. I discovered that RedHat uses
> a different setup for the pcmcia configuration then the
> one described in the PCMCIA-Howto.
>
> The "usual" is to have the configurations in /etc/pcmcia/network.opts
> so you can switch IP-configuration with cardctl.
> (Very handy, with only one file to edit)
>
> But the RedHat distribution seems to use the files
> in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts instead.
>
> I use a lot of different IP configurations(Home,work...)
> and would like a "simple" way to be able to switch between
> those configurations at any time.
>
> Should I install the "standard" pcmcia distributions setup files?
> Or can linuxconf accomplish this task?
>
> Thanks in advance
>
> Michael
>
> P.S Please reply to my email address since
> I do not follow this list all the time.


------------------------------

From: tandg <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Help with Linux
Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 14:45:49 -0500


==============2514F9B0CDF5D8E75E9DB45E
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Get some help with linux from
 The Linux Files

==============2514F9B0CDF5D8E75E9DB45E
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<HTML>
Get some help with linux from
<BR>&nbsp;<A HREF="http://members.xoom.com/techfile">The Linux Files</A></HTML>

==============2514F9B0CDF5D8E75E9DB45E==


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 05 Jan 1999 22:36:19 +0300
From: "Khalid M. Baheyeldin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [ "${GATEWAY}" ] &&

Stef wrote:
> 
> The last line in /etc/init.d/network says:
> 
> [ "${GATEWAY}" ] && route add default gw ${GATEWAY} metric 1
> 
> I don't understand, what this
> [ "${GATEWAY}" ] &&
> at the beginning of the line does. Could anybody explain?

What it means is that:

[ ] means evaluate the expression between them ([ expr ] = test expr)

The && means execute the following command only if the previous
test is true.

So in the above example, in plain English, it means:

If the variable $GATEWAY has a value in it, then execute the "route"
command.

> 
> Thanks a lot!
> Stef
> --
> WebMaster D-WERK
> UNIX and Windows NT administration, SOS-ETH
> ETH Zurich
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]        http://hoes.li

--
Khalid M. Baheyeldin
Senior IT Consultant
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