Linux-Networking Digest #517, Volume #12 Wed, 8 Sep 99 18:13:54 EDT
Contents:
Re: DSL: Bridging to PPP breaks SSH. Help. (Rod Smith)
Re: Modem Sharing (Norman Elliott)
Re: connection to inernet (Brandon)
Ip Masquerade freezing? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
NMB fails at boot ("Sean Armstrong")
Re: selectable DHCP or static IP on a single NIC? (David Hinds)
DSL Connection Using Linux (In Yen Tjin)
Re: Mail server ("abn")
Re: multi-link ppp (Octyl)
Re: Browsers and Linux ("Ernest")
Re: ppp died (Bill Unruh)
Re: RH 6.0 nfsd problem (Mike)
NIC cards not detected ("Colin Reinhardt")
Re: Could not determine remote IP address (Clifford Kite)
Re: Linux as a Novell client (dmitri)
DSL - Linux tools to check connection speed (Ken Brameld)
Re: linux box vs switched hub (David C.)
isp connection with non root (Stewart Hector)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Rod Smith)
Subject: Re: DSL: Bridging to PPP breaks SSH. Help.
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 19:48:40 GMT
[Posted and mailed]
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Roger Rouse <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>
> --------------0CBD5F343DD44B2E0BEF3C5B
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
First, your message arrived both as plain ASCII and as HTML. The latter
is considered Bad Form on Usenet. I suggest you reconfigure Netscape to
NOT send HTML by default. Also, your e-mail address somehow wound up in
the Newsgroups line. I don't know if that's valid or not, but it's
definitely weird.
> My DSL provider just switched from using bridging to PPP.
...
> When I try to ssh to my other machines they refuse my connection:
>
> ssh other.machine.edu
> Secure connection to other.machine.edu refused; reverting to insecure
> method.
> Using rsh. WARNING: Connection will not be encrypted.
> other: Connection refused
>
> Not exactly sure where to start. Any hints/clues would be appreciated.
> I'm assuming the worst that ssh on other.machine.edu is looking at my
> packets and saying "oh no that's a dynamically allocated IP from some
> PPP server. No way I'm letting you connect!" I hope this is not the
> case.
I doubt if that's what's happening, because I've used ssh over PPP dialup
lines with no trouble. Of course, it's possible that the remote sshd
server, or something earlier in the remote system's TCP/IP stack, is
doing some sort of lookup that the servers I've used didn't do, hence
causing problems.
My first guess is that your ISP or the new DSL "modem" have been
(mis-)configured to block the SSH protocol. Try doing this: Using
telnet, connect to the SSH server's port 22 (do "telnet remote.host.name
22"). This SHOULD link you to the server's sshd program. You may or may
not get a banner of some sort (e.g., "SSH-1.5" or some such); on the
system I just tested on, I did. (Note that you won't be able to USE this
connection for anything; you're just using telnet as a sort of
single-port port scanner to see if the connection is visible.) If you
get through, then my hypothesis is wrong, and it is something in
subsequent negotiations. If you get a "connection refused" message, or
if it just hangs when it says "trying a.b.c.d...", then it's more likely
a problem with some system along the way discarding your packets.
If the system to which you're connecting has tight security, it's also
possible that the remote system actually IS the culprit, even if the
telnet test fails to make a connection; the remote site could be
configured to refuse connections to sshd except to specific systems, even
before sshd is launched (e.g., using something like Linux's ipchains or
xinetd). If so, you'll need to talk to the remote system's administrator
to find a way back in. (The admin may not be happy if you've now got a
dynamic IP address, since granting you access would mean granting access
to an entire network, and the sort of control I've just hypothesized
suggests a VERY tight security policy.) If you never had to provide your
remote system's administrator with your original static DSL address,
though, this explanation is likely wrong.
--
Rod Smith
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://members.bellatlantic.net/~smithrod
Author of _Special Edition Using Corel WordPerfect 8 for Linux_, from Que
------------------------------
From: Norman Elliott <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup,tw.bbs.comp.linux,uk.comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Modem Sharing
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 21:08:33 +0000
"Quiney, Philip (EXCHANGE:HAL02:HM10)" wrote:
> Norman Elliott wrote:
> > I believe that since version 2.3.5 pppd has its own dial on demand
> > so it doesn't need diald which sometimes has problems dropping
> > the modem.
> >
> > Try man pppd
> >
> > best wishes,
> > norm
> pppd has the '-demand' option but it dosen't do dynamic IP addressing at
> the same time so it is only of any use if your ISP statically allocates
> you an IP address. I think (guessing here) it needs the IP address to
> know to bring up the link - diald sets up a bogus SLIP connection to
> achieve this.
>
> I have been using diald for some months and it has never dropped the
> line unexpectedly ;-) My only problems with it were to do with
> firewalling out all that net bios stuff and getting the diald filter
> timeouts to my liking. Diald actually bringing the link up/down was
> never a problem for me.
>
> Regards
>
> Phil Q
>
> --
>
> Phil Quiney Digital PowerLine,
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] Nortel Networks,
> Telephone: +44 (1279) 402363 London Rd, Harlow,
> Fax: +44 (1279) 402885 Essex CM17 9NA,
> United Kingdom.
>
> "This message may contain information proprietary to Northern
> Telecom so any unauthorised disclosure, copying or distribution
> of its contents is strictly prohibited."
Phil,
Mine does, perhaps you haven't got it set up correctly.
;-)
norm
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 15:52:36 -0400
From: Brandon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: connection to inernet
what tyep of modem do u have?
do u have it set for the right com port and I/O address?
rubberpis wrote:
>
> Hello,
>
> I just installed linux on my computer. Now i try to connect to the internet
> (after i have setup my connection), but i receive always the message:
> "Sorry, but the modem is bussy". But my modem isn't bussy. What do i wrong?
>
> I hope someone can help me?
>
> Dirk De Haes
--
"Bill Gates?, I dont know any Bill Gates. Oh, you mean 'by putting
every conceivable
feature into an OPERATING SYSTEM, whether you want it or not, is
innovation' Bill
Gates? Yeah, I know the monopolizer"
http://web.mountain.net/~brandon/main.htm
For Beginners in Linux, Emulation, Midis, Playstation Info, and
Virii.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Ip Masquerade freezing?
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 19:47:31 GMT
My linux box keeps freezing and I think I have tracked it down to
ip masquerading. I have checked all my interrupts and am pretty sure
that they are right. I use a ne2k compatible nic for my lan and have
also used an Intel EtherExpress card with ths same results. My internet
conenction is a cable moedm using a DEC 21041 based ethernet card. I
have tried both 2.0.x and 2.2.x kernels and that didn't fix it. Are
there any known problems with masquerading or my particular hardware. Is
there any way to try to track down the source of the freezing with more
certainty? Any help would be appreciated.
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Share what you know. Learn what you don't.
------------------------------
From: "Sean Armstrong" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: NMB fails at boot
Date: Wed, 8 Sep 1999 10:25:19 -0500
Since my last post I have narrowed the focus of the problem to a couple of
issues. When I leave the resolve portion of the netconf blank and the
resolv.conf file has the word search in the first line, NMB boots [OK]. Yet,
I am unable to connect to the internet. If I add the DNS domain and
nameserver address to the resolv portion of netconf and remove the word
search from the first line of resolv.conf, NMB services [fail] at boot, but
I am able to connect to the internet.
The other Linux box on our NT network has a static IP address and host is
set to manual in the host info portion of the netconf. It also has the DNS
domain and the nameserver address in the resolv portion of the netconf.
This linux box works fine. I am unable to have a static IP address for my
machine and have to use DHCP in the host portion of the netconf.
These are the two issues I have been able to narrow down so far. Any ideas?
Thank you for your help.
SA
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David Hinds)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.portable
Subject: Re: selectable DHCP or static IP on a single NIC?
Date: 8 Sep 1999 17:04:36 GMT
Guido Sarducci ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote:
: I have a static IP for my laptop at home, and often take it to work
: where I want to plug it into the DHCP-managed network. Silly me, I
: thought I would be able to create an alias in the 'netcfg' interfaces
: panel, and then switch between networking configurations on my one
: ethernet interface. However, everything changes -- the default route,
: the default domain, dns servers. I'm just about stumped, but I have a
: few ideas left. (BTW, the system in question is a Dell XPi, 3c589,
: and docking station running RH60; there are no problems with the basic
: hardware.) Here are the options I have:
Your other option is to install the standard PCMCIA network script (as
opposed to the Red Hat one), and then set up two different network
configurations for home and work, as documented in the PCMCIA-HOWTO.
-- Dave Hinds
------------------------------
From: In Yen Tjin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: DSL Connection Using Linux
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 16:05:25 -0400
Hi,
I have a small business operating in Los Angeles area and am thinking to
expand my business into e-commerce. One best piece of advice that I
have been given is to use a DSL service. For this, I would like to use
a Linux machine as my firewall as well as my DNS, mail, and WEB
servers. I already have applied for a subdomain and have been granted
with a C domain with 256 IP addresses. In the following, I would like
to ask several questions to get my company connected to the Internet:
1. What is the current DSL support on Linux? Is it reliable?
2. Since this is a small business, it will make more sense if I least a
residential DSL service with the local phone company. If I leased a
residential DSL service, chances are that the leasing company will
provide with one static IP. Is it legal to have my domain connected to
the Internet through a residential DSL service? If so, how can I have
my domain setup so that any computer that has my domain IP address can
go to Internet and surf, send/receive e-mail, and etc.?
3. Can anyone please point to me the documentation on setting up a mail
proxy server?
TIA.
--
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
PS. Please replace "81" with "80" on my e-mail address.
------------------------------
From: "abn" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Mail server
Date: Wed, 8 Sep 1999 20:05:01 +0400
Hi, all!
Erwin Brandenberger <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> I'm looking for free mail servers (POP3/SMTP) for suse linux.
>
> What possibilities do I have ?
>
> Erwin Brandenberger
try to look at:
SMTP = EXIM +
POP-3 & SSL = cucipop & (OpenSSL+stunnel)
wbr, abn
------------------------------
From: Octyl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: multi-link ppp
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 16:36:10 -0400
Searching for the same answer here......switching to linux and I have
gotten used to the mppp speeds in w98
On Tue, 22 Jun 1999 21:10:11 -0400, "jonathan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I would like to multi-link (ppp) two analog modems on my linux box to my
>cisco 2500series router at work. Due to phone line quality at work I can
>only connect at 26.4, so I would like to be able to utilize two modems to
>increase productivity. I am unfamiliar with this subject, but my sysadmin
>has agreed to help on the router side. So my question is how do I set up
>the linux (client, dial-out) box? I am using US Robotics modems, SuSE6.1
>and kernel 2.2.9. Any help would be greatly appreciated. TIA
>
>
>
------------------------------
From: "Ernest" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Browsers and Linux
Date: Wed, 8 Sep 1999 06:52:16 +0200
So, who is stopping you asking? I don't seem to recall any posting asking you
to not ask questions. Can you show me the me-mail? As far as I know it goes
about putting your reply after the quoted portion or before. Do you disagree
with me?
Ernest Bessinger.
Dave Seyster <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:td6B3.29973$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> On Sun, 05 Sep 1999 21:57:47 -0400, Norman Levin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> >I wonder where the 'custom' of answering after the
> >question comes from? I've just be going thru some of
> >my offline usergroups, and I've gone through a dozen
> >appends that start with ">" and the same original
> >question ... and I have to scroll down to see
> >new stuff. If I'm really interested in the
> >original append (and I can't remember if from
> >the subject line), I can do that.
>
>
> That "custom" derives from the fact that most humans are not psychic.
> We need to know the question before we can respond.
>
>
> Dave Seyster
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bill Unruh)
Subject: Re: ppp died
Date: 8 Sep 1999 16:26:28 GMT
Despite what you read in the howtos, it is never necessary to recompile
a kernel to do any "standard" things ( and ppp is certainly standard)
I would suggest that you read and follow the step by step directions in
axion.physics.ubc.ca
In <Pine.GSO.4.10.9909081209200.24426-100000@iwaki> RICHARD BEATON
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
]hey Im a Linux Grommit (Newbie) getting frustrated by PPP
]I had PPP working nicely, but since I set up SAMBA and an ethernet card,
]I havent been able to get PPP up and running.
]when i .ppp-on i get somthing like NO ppp support in kernal or module not
]loaded.
This is pppd's standard error message (note the weasle word "may" not have
kernel support- it is almost always wrong)
]Ive recompiled many times, trying to
------------------------------
From: Mike <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: RH 6.0 nfsd problem
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 17:24:48 GMT
"Gandalf" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> My last question is: how to workaround "FAILED" message displayed
during
> initialisation of eth0 on laptop (which is caused by delayed PCMCIA
startup)
This is the only part I might be able to help with.
Before the offending code gets initialized in your init scripts, put in
2 lines something like this:
<snip>
echo -n "Press <Enter> to continue after network card initializes"
read junk
<snip>
This will pause the script until you hit <enter>, so wait until you get
the message that you want -- that the card has initialized -- then hit
<Enter>
There's probably a more elegant solution than this, but it works for me
as a newbie.
Mike
---
Big M Web (http://www.bigmweb.com/)
Web Design
PHP Programming
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Share what you know. Learn what you don't.
------------------------------
From: "Colin Reinhardt" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: NIC cards not detected
Date: Wed, 8 Sep 1999 13:40:48 -0700
I've got Slackware 4.0 with kernel 2.2.6
My NIC is an Intel EtherExpress PRO/10, which should be supported by the
eepro modular driver.
I tried un-commenting the line /sbin/modprobe eepro.
This hangs my system.
Do I need to do anything else to use the driver, like compile it or
something...?
I keep seeing the line: IP-Config: no network devices available...
during boot-up.
How can I get my network card to work?
Any help is greatly appreciated at this point.
Colin Reinhardt
------------------------------
From: kite@NoSpam.%inetport.com (Clifford Kite)
Subject: Re: Could not determine remote IP address
Date: 8 Sep 1999 09:25:19 -0500
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
[Edited]
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: sent [IPCP
> ConfReq id=0x1 <addr 0.0.0.0> <compress VJ 0f 01>]
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: rcvd [IPCP
> ConfReq id=0x1 <compress VJ 0f 00> <addr 0.0.0.0>]
This is the problem. You sent a request for the ISP to provide an IP
address you can use for the connection which is correct. The ISP did
the same thing, requesting you to provide an IP address it can use for
the connection. The ISP PPP implementation is wrong to do this (and is
otherwise flawed - see below).
The solution for you is to provide the ISP with an address and almost any
reserved IP address is suitable. To do this you can add the pppd option
:192.168.0.1
which asks the ISP to provide your IP address and the ISP to use
192.168.0.1, but the remote IP address can be most any other reserved
IP address.
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: sent [IPCP
> ConfRej id=0x1 <addr 0.0.0.0>]
This pppd response is technically correct but here it's not going to do
a bit of good.
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: rcvd [IPCP
> ConfNak id=0x1 <addr 206.169.248.39>]
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: sent [IPCP
> ConfReq id=0x2 <addr 206.169.248.39> <compress VJ 0f 01>]
The ISP sends the IP address for you to use and you accept it. Normal.
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: rcvd [IPCP
> ConfReq id=0x2 <compress VJ 0f 00>]
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: sent [IPCP
> ConfAck id=0x2 <compress VJ 0f 00>]
The ISP requests IPCP with no IP address, dumb. Pppd accects it, not
much better I'm afraid since pppd then finds it has no remote IP address
and then proceeds to try and terminate the connection. It doesn't succeed
since the ISP PPP is so broken that it doesn't agree to terminate.
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: rcvd [IPCP
> ConfAck id=0x2 <addr 206.169.248.39> <compress VJ 0f 01>]
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: Could not
> determine remote IP address
> Sep 8 02:21:53 iceplanet pppd[225]: sent [IPCP
> TermReq id=0x3 "Could not determine remote IP address"]
I would also recommend that you add the pppd option nocpp since pppd
and the ISP have no common CCP algorithm, the ISP only uses proprietary
ones - bleek, fizzle.
--
Clifford Kite <kite@inet%port.com> Not a guru. (tm)
/* Microsoft is a great marketing organization.
* It _has_ to be */
------------------------------
From: dmitri <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux as a Novell client
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 17:39:30 +0000
I have the same problem with SuSe 6.2, 2.2.10 kernel. The same rc.files and
configuration worked fine with 6.0 (2.2.7 kernel) Here is output of some
commands:
cork:~ # ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:04:3B:6B:3D
inet addr:192.168.176.37 Bcast:192.168.176.255
Mask:255.255.255.0
IPX/Ethernet 802.3 addr:00000200:0050043B6B3D
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:30523 errors:421 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:811
TX packets:26511 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:217 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:10 Base address:0xdc80
cork:~ # cat /proc/net/ipx
Local_Address Remote_Address Tx_Queue Rx_Queue State Uid
cork:~ # cat /proc/net/ipx_interface
Network Node_Address Primary Device Frame_Type
00000200 0050043B6B3D No eth0 802.3
cork:~ # cat /proc/net/ipx_route
Network Router_Net Router_Node
00000200 Directly Connected
cork:~ # slist
slist: No server found in ncp_open
cork:~ # lsmod | egrep 'ipx|ncpfs'
ipx 12976 1 (autoclean)
ncpfs 31864 0 (unused).
Note empty /proc/net/ipx. With Suse 6.0 and 2.2.7 kernel this "file" had 6-7
lines.
Peter Chase wrote:
> I've been trying to get my Linux box to network to our Novell network we
> have. I'm using Red Hat 6.0 and have already compiled the kernel with
> IPX support and support for the Novell file system. The new kernel
> works fine and I have already run ipx_interface and ipx_configure, but
> whenever I run slist to see which Novell servers are on the network it
> returns "no server found in ncp_open". I would appreciate any help
> anyone can give me.
>
> --Pete
------------------------------
From: Ken Brameld <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: DSL - Linux tools to check connection speed
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 12:42:35 -0700
Hi all:
I recently fell prey to the need for a faster internet connection and
signed up for PacBell's DSL. However, it seems that I'm not getting
anywhere close to the connection speeds advertised (surprise, surprise,
eh?). Using FTP in the dead of night as a gauge of max speed possible,
I got the following speeds for a 6.5 Mb file (done in triplicate):
download - (384 Kbps advertised) 147.83 Kbps, 151.56 Kbps, 150.69 Kbps
upload - (128 Kbps advertised) 13.22 Kbps, 14.03 Kbps, 13.28 Kbps
I contacted PacBell and was told my "connection speeds may vary due to
internet congestion." This is kind of a lame response and I would like
to track connection speeds in greater detail to identify bottlenecks
(i.e. where's the slow down, my computer --> Alcatel modem --> PacBell
central office --> ISP --> world ?).
What tools are available in Linux to do this? Should I be looking for
problems with configuration of my network card (especially RE the slow
upload)? I've used the "traceroute" command, but I'm not sure how to
interpret the output. What sort of speed in ms is good? What's bad?
Thanks,
-Ken
###################### Additional Info ################################
SUSE 6.1
Alcatel 1000 DSL Modem
Kingston KNE100TX 10/100 network card
tulip v0.91 driver
Example output from traceroute to same host as I used for FTP:
traceroute to xxx.ucsf.edu, 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 adsl-xxxxxx.dsl.pacbell.net (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) 15 ms 22 ms 17 ms
2 core1-fe5-0-0.snfc21.pbi.net (206.171.134.130) 12 ms 13 ms 13 ms
3 edge1-fa11-1-0.snfc21.pbi.net (209.232.130.2) 25 ms 26 ms 23 ms
4 sfra1-so-1-0.ca.us.prserv.net(165.87.161.74) 18 ms 21 ms 19 ms
5 ibr01-p5-2.sntc03.exodus.net (209.185.249.245) 21 ms 22 ms 16 ms
6 bbr02-g4-0.sntc03.exodus.net (216.33.153.66) 21 ms 21 ms 22 ms
7 bbr02-p5-0.irvn01.exodus.net (216.32.173.206) 45 ms 32 ms 34 ms
8 dcr03-g6-0.irvn01.exodus.net (216.33.164.3) 31 ms 31 ms 28 ms
9 vlan950.irvn01.exodus.net (216.33.164.131) 31 ms 31 ms 42 ms
10 irca-xgty.ucnet.net (209.185.207.110) 36 ms 45 ms 38 ms
11 igty-H10-0-0-T3.ucnet.net (192.35.216.109) 30 ms 28 ms 30 ms
12 bgty-H8-0-0-T3.ucnet.net (192.35.219.45) 37 ms 33 ms 34 ms
13 sfgty-A5-0-0-1.ucnet.net (192.35.219.18) 36 ms 36 ms 33 ms
14 192.35.221.49 (192.35.221.49) 33 ms 31 ms 36 ms
15 cgl.ucsf.edu (128.218.xxx.xx) 33 ms 31 ms 35 ms
16 xxx.ucsf.edu (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) 31 ms 32 ms 31 ms
#######################################################################
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David C.)
Subject: Re: linux box vs switched hub
Date: 08 Sep 1999 17:00:41 -0400
Greg Leblanc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David C.) wrote:
>> Greg Leblanc <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>>>
>>> Well, the way that he phrased the question, yes. However, Linux can
>>> function as a switch (for some damn reason the howto is called
>>> bridging, but they MEAN what I call switching).
>>
>> Switching is an ambiguous term.
>>
>> It sometimes refers to layer-2 switches, which is perform bridging,
>> and sometimes to layer-3 switches, which perform routing. And
>> sometimes it refers to other kinds of switches, which may perform
>> bridging, routing, prioritization, filtering, firewalling, and other
>> services.
>>
>> I prefer to keep the terms unambiguous and say "bridging" and
>> "routing" when I'm talking about a single service. I suspect the
>> author of the howto feels the same way.
>
> I hadn't thought of it that way. That sort of throws my perceptions
> off a bit, since they say that the routing code in the kernel handles
> the bridging. And don't layer 3 switches function a bit differenly
> from routers? I know that they work on the protocol layer, but our
> layer3 switches (different from our layer2 switches) act a bit
> differently from our routers (a pair of Cisco 2500s). I can't put it
> into words very easily, since I don't have a reference book or the
> devices available to me from home.
I can't see how. If it's really switching on layer-3, then it must
decrement TTL and rewrite the layer-2 header information as the packets
pass through. They may build their forwarding tables from static
configuration, routing protocols (like RIP and OSPF), or through other
means, but it's still routing.
It is possible that the switch is really switching at layer-2, but is
using layer-3 (or higher) information to perform filtering,
prioritization, firewalling or other non-routing activities.
If you know more about the difference between these two devices, please
let me know. I'm actually quite curious.
-- David
------------------------------
From: Stewart Hector <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: isp connection with non root
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 1999 22:04:00 +0000
==============547A51BD32DC72ACD21339BA
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Using Root, I can log into my isp, and it works fine, I can use
internet as normal
Trying this as myself (stewart) login, I can dial up, pppd runs,
passwords and login get entered correctly.l
Everything is fine, just like being the root...
But, when I ping, I get unknown host.
Before I had to re-install linux (due to microsoft trashing my hard
discs), this worked fine.
Maybe its presume its some priviledge problem?
--
Stewart
ICQ: 5308166
http://freespace.virgin.net/s.hector/index.htm
=================================================
The last time I cried, I could see the people
Long ago in the rain
Waiting as the soldiers put them all on a train
And the hands on the bars, the eyes full of tears
And the word is the same, for a thousand years,
Eli Eli Lama, Oh Lord, you have forsaken me...
=================================================
CdeB - The Last Time I Cried
=================================================
==============547A51BD32DC72ACD21339BA
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Using Root, I can log into my isp, and it works fine, I can use internet
as normal
<p>Trying this as myself (stewart) login, I can dial up, pppd runs, passwords
and login get entered correctly.l
<br>Everything is fine, just like being the root...
<p>But, when I ping, I get unknown host.
<p>Before I had to re-install linux (due to microsoft trashing my hard
discs), this worked fine.
<br>Maybe its presume its some priviledge problem?
<pre>--
Stewart
ICQ: 5308166
<A
HREF="http://freespace.virgin.net/s.hector/index.htm">http://freespace.virgin.net/s.hector/index.htm</A>
=================================================
The last time I cried, I could see the people
Long ago in the rain
Waiting as the soldiers put them all on a train
And the hands on the bars, the eyes full of tears
And the word is the same, for a thousand years,
Eli Eli Lama, Oh Lord, you have forsaken me...
=================================================
CdeB - The Last Time I Cried
=================================================</pre>
</html>
==============547A51BD32DC72ACD21339BA==
------------------------------
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