> -----Original Message----- > From: ChristopherD [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Sent: Sunday, December 02, 2007 4:03 AM > To: linux-raid@vger.kernel.org > Subject: Abysmal write performance on HW RAID5 > > > In the process of upgrading my RAID5 array, I've run into a brick wall (< > 4MB/sec avg write perf!) that I could use some help figuring out. I'll > start with the quick backstory and setup. > > Common Setup: > > Dell Dimension XPS T800, salvaged from Mom. (i440BX chipset, Pentium3 @ > 800MHZ) > 768MB DDR SDRAM @ 100MHZ FSB (3x256MB DIMM) > PCI vid card (ATI Rage 128) > PCI 10/100 NIC (3Com 905) > PCI RAID controller (LSI MegaRAID i4 - 4 channel PATA) > 4 x 250GB (WD2500) UltraATA drives, each connected to separate channels on > the controller > Ubuntu Feisty Fawn > > In the LSI BIOS config, I setup the full capacity of all four drives as a > single logical disk using RAID5 @ 64K strips size. I installed the OS > from > the CD, allowing it to create a 4GB swap partition (sda2) and use the rest > as a single ext3 partition (sda1) with roughly 700GB space. > > This setup ran fine for months as my home fileserver. Being new to RAID > at > the time, I didn't know or think about tuning or benchmarking, etc, etc. > I > do know that I often moved ISO images to this machine from my gaming rig > using both SAMBA and FTP, with xfer limited by the 100MBit LAN > (~11MB/sec).
That sounds about right; 11MB * 8 (bit/Byte) = 88Mbit on your 100M LAN. > > About a month or so ago, I hit capacity on the partition. I dumped some > movies off to a USB drive (500GB PATA) and started watching the drive > aisle > at Fry's. Last week, I saw what I'd been waiting for: Maxtor 500GB drives > @ > $99 each. So, I bought three of them and started this adventure. > > > I'll skip the details on the pain in the butt of moving 700GB of data onto > various drives of various sizes...the end result was the following change > to > my setup: > > 3 x Maxtor 500GB PATA drives (7200rpm, 16MB cache) > 1 x IBM/Hitachi Deskstar 500GB PATA (7200rpm, 8MB cache) > > Each drive still on a separate controller channel, this time configured > into > two logical drives: > Logical Disk 1: RAID0, 16GB, 64K stripe size (sda) > Logical Disk 2: RAID5, 1.5TB, 128K stripe size (sdb) > > > I also took this opportunity to upgrade to the newest Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy), > and having done some reading, planned to make some tweaks to the partition > formats. After fighting with the standard CD, which refused to install > the > OS without also formatting the root partition (but not offering any > control > of the formatting), i downloaded the "alternate CD" and used the textmode > installer. > > I set up the partitions like this: > sda1: 14.5GB ext3, 256MB journal (mounted data_ordered), 4K block size, > stride=16, sparse superblocks, no resize_inode, 1GB reserved for root > sda2: 1.5GB linux swap > sdb1: 1.5TB ext2, largefile4 (4MB per inode), stride=32, sparse > superblocks, > no resize_inode, 0 reserved for root > > The format command was my first hint of a problem. The block group > creation > counter spun very rapidly up to 9800/11600 and then paused and I heard the > drives thrash. The block groups completed at a slower pace, and then the > final creation process took several minutes. > > But the real shocker was transferring my data onto this new partition. > FOUR > MEGABYTES PER SECOND?!?! > > My initial plan was to plug a single old data drive into the motherboard's > ATA port, thinking the transfer speed within a single machine would be the > fastest possible mechanism. Wrong. I ended up mounting the drives using > USB enclosures to my laptop (RedHat EL 5.1) and sharing them via NFS. > > So, deciding the partition was disposable (still unused), I fired up dd to > run some block device tests: > dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1M count=25 > > This ran silently and showed 108MB/sec?? OK, that beats 4...let's try > again! Now I hear drive activity, and the result says 26MB/sec. Running > it > a third time immediately brought the rate down to 4MB/sec. Apparently, > the > first 64MB or so runs nice and fast (cache? the i4 only has 16MB onboard). > > I also ran iostat -dx in the background during a 26GB directory copy > operation, reporting on 60-sec intervals. This is a typical output: > > Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rMB/s wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu- > sz > await svctm %util > sda 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 11.03 > 0.01 21.66 16.73 0.61 > sdb 0.00 0.72 0.03 64.28 0.00 3.95 125.43 > 137.57 2180.23 15.85 100.02 > > > So, the RAID5 device has a huge queue of write requests with an average > wait > time of more than 2 seconds @ 100% utilization? Or is this a bug in > iostat? > > At this point, I'm all ears...I don't even know where to start. Is ext2 > not > a good format for volumes of this size? Then how to explain the block > device xfer rate being so bad, too? Is it that I have one drive in the > array that's a different brand? Or that it has a different cache size? > > Anyone have any ideas? > > > UPDATE: > I attached another drive to the motherboard's IDE port and installed > Windows > 2003 Server. I used the swap partition on the RAID0 volume and shrunk the > ext2 filesystem to create some room on the RAID5 volume...these areas > served > as testbeds for the Windows write performance. I used a 750MB ISO file as > my test object, transferring it from another machine on my LAN via FTP as > well as from the lone IDE drive on the same machine. The lone drive FTP'd > the file @ 11.5MB/sec, so that was my baseline. The RAID0 volume matched > this (no surprise), but the RAID5 volume was about 4.5MB/sec. Same for > internal transfers. So the problem is not with the Linux driver...it's > something in the hardware. > > Right now, I've replaced the one "odd" Deskstar drive with another Maxtor > 500GB/16MB cache drive that matches the other 3 drives in the array and > letting the controller rebuild it. I'll run more performance tests when > it's done, but it's going to take quite a while. In the meantime, I'd > still > appreciate hearing from the folks here. > -- > View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Abysmal-write- > performance-on-HW-RAID5-tf4884768.html#a13980960 > Sent from the linux-raid mailing list archive at Nabble.com. > > - > To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-raid" in > the body of a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] > More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Your LAN transfer sounds about right; 11MB * 8 (bits per Byte) = 88Mbit on your 100M LAN. I have twelve drives in my system. Two are in a RAID 1 for the OS with ext2 and ten are in a RAID 6 for my data in xfs. When I notice a significant drop in performance on one my raided md# drive, it is usually a drive failing, somewhere... (If you have smart running it will yell at you at this point too) I run the following to get a measurement of each drive that is in a raid set. Usually if I am have problems there will be one in the bunch that has very low Timing buffered disk reads. They are usually around 50MB/sec for me; hdparm -tT /dev/sd* <-- If you have IDE drives use; /dev/hd* /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 2208 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1102.53 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 172 MB in 3.01 seconds = 57.10 MB/sec /dev/sda1: Timing cached reads: 2220 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1110.51 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 172 MB in 3.01 seconds = 57.17 MB/sec /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 2108 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1052.77 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 164 MB in 3.03 seconds = 54.12 MB/sec /dev/sdb1: Timing cached reads: 2256 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1126.57 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 164 MB in 3.03 seconds = 54.20 MB/sec . . . . If you are having problems with sata controller chipset/drives on your Motherboard, that is a different issue... - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-raid" in the body of a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
