Alan, please see my response below.

Alan Lewis wrote:
> Approach this problem systematically:
> 
> 1.  Check the connections to the solenoid/starter to be sure you have 
> full voltage there.  Low voltage can cause your symptoms.

Voltage is good, and I am able to combine the starter battery with my
house bank too. I checked the voltage at the starter while pressing the
starting button (under load), and the voltage was only .5 to .7 lower,
at 12 to 12.25 volts loaded (compared to idle voltage).

> 2.  Check to be sure the starter case is tight.  I have seen loose bolts 
> on the case (not the big bolts that attach the starter to the engine) 
> cause similar problems.

Case looks good.

> 3.  Test the solenoid.  If you hear it "clicking" when you press the 
> start button, it's probably o.k.  The fact that you report hearing 
> clicking and that, at times, the starter would spin, indicates that the 
> solenoid may be o.k.

It was clicking, but not spinning the starter. I have replaced the
solenoid now.


> 4. If all these check o.k., try by-passing the solenoid by using jumper 
> cables or an expendable screwdriver to directly energize the starter.  
> a) If it spins and engages the engine,  then the problem is very likely 
> the solenoid.  b) if it spins but does not engage the engine, the 
> problem is likely the Bendix or, in worst case scenario, you have some 
> broken teeth on the flywheel.   c) if it doesn't spin, then the problem 
> is likely the starter (e.g. a flat spot on the armature, etc).  If 
> either b or c is true, the starter will need to be removed and serviced. 

I did this, and the starter spins with a loud whine, but does not engage
the engine. So probably bad pinion/bendix, or possibly a bad flywheel.

> 5.  The frozen engine is probably least likely if the engine ran well 
> the last time it was used and you have oil.  As already mentioned, you 
> can test this possibility by trying to turn the engine with a long 
> handled wrench on the crank nut at the front of the engine. 

I don't have a socket that large, and the nut is recessed deep into a
large belt drive pulley. So I rotated the large pulley about 3/4
revolution. It is hard work, but does turn.

The engine has oil. It doesn't look milky/watery, and the oil level has
not increased due to water infiltration.

> Some Perkins installations used two solenoids before the starter.  If 
> you have that situation, test both of them.
> 
> Good luck.
> 
> Alan Lewis

After replacing the solenoid with an AC-Delco one that looks identical,
there is no more clicking. The new solenoid is the same size and fits
the plunger well. Now the starter spins every time, but without engaging
the motor.

Since I am not experienced at this, I wonder if the new solenoid is not
installed correctly, or if it does not pull the lever sufficiently to
engage the bendix? This is probably not the case, but I wonder if this
is a possibility. I could re-install the solenoid I suppose.

Even after turning the motor via the belt drive pulley, the starter will
not engage. It whines loudly. If there were missing teeth on the
flywheel, rotating it would have had an effect. So I suspect the
bendix/pinion is shot?

Unless anyone here has more ideas to try, I'll order a new starter
tomorrow. Looks like my anchor is holding OK for now.. It was dragging a
bit yesterday.

Thanks,
-Neal.

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