Hi there,

here comes the summary of the changes made to the 201 objectives draft.

A diff of the changes made in the meantime is available in the wiki:

https://wiki.lpi.org/pubwiki/index.php?title=LPIC-2_Objectives_V5.0&type=revision&diff=5839&oldid=5781

Please note that there are some open questions at the end of this mail.

## Big changes

* Objective 201.1 (Linux Kernel) got one additional weight and now has a
weight of 3. This consumed one weight in exam 201.

* Objective 201.5 (systemd Security) was added and filled with the systemd
related topics that used to be in 212.4 (Security Tasks). This consumed two
weights in exam 201.

* Objective 201.4 (Alternate Bootloaders) was removed. PXE and iPXE aspects
were moved to 201.3 (Bootloaders and System Recovery). This freed up two
weights in exam 201.

* Objective 202.1 (Operating the Linux filesystem) was removed since it is
mostly redundant to LPIC-1. A note was added to LPIC-2 to review the
removed LPIC-2 objective during the next update. This freed up four weights
in exam 201.

* Topic 202 (Filesystem and Devices) and Topic 203 (Advanced Storage Device
Administration) have been merged into Topic 203 (Advanced Storage
Administration).

* Objective 212.3 (Advanced Secure Shell (SSH)) was moved from exam 202 and
exam 201 and is now objective 205.4. This consumed three weights in exam
201.


## Smaller changes

201.1 (Linux Kernel):
* udevmonitor was removed in the favor of udevadm monitor
* kmod was added
* insmod was kept because it is one of the commands supported by kmod and
may therefore be suspected to be around during the lifetime of this exam

201.3 (Bootloaders and System Recovery):
* GRUB Legacy was removed
* GPT was added

203.1 (Configuring RAID):
* Partition type 0xFD was removed

204.1 (Runtime Networking Configuration):
* iwconfig and iwlist were removed

204.2 (Persistent Network Configuration):
* /etc/HOSTNAME was removed
* nmtui was kept since there is not a lot to test, but knowing this tool
may help a lot
* "Awareness of Netplan" was added

212.3 (Advanced Secure Shell (SSH)):
* banner as a command was removed, SSH banners are still included on
awareness level

205.1 (Make and Install Programs from Source):
* Kept as it is for the time being. Feel free to further comment :)
* /usr/local/src was added
* zstd was added

205.2 (Backup Operations):
* rsync was kept, even though it is not a comprehensive backup solution, it
may help to backup or synchronize/restore data in specific situations
* dd and tar are kept with the specific context of backup. Should be easy
peasy for LPCI-1 holders :)
* Tape backups / lto was kept since it is in use
* Tool awareness was extended to rclone, BorgBackup and restic. Awareness
means knowing the tools exist, not the actual ability to operate them.

205.3 (Resource Management):
* netstat was removed
* htop was removed
* iptraf was changed to iptraf-ng, iftop and ifstat were added
* No specific monitoring tools have been added (i.e. not Zabbix) since this
would require adding a rather huge set of tools to be aware off

206 (Configuration Management):
* This topic was moved to LPIC-2 because these days system administration
in a professional setting requires some kind of automatisch. Ansible is a
commonly used tool for this, and it turns out that Ansible is rather often
used to automate system administration tasks, while real DevOps heavily
relies on cloud native technologies, i.e. containers. Since the entire
ecosystem of Ansible is huge, a certain minimal amount of weights is
required to ensure there is enough room in trainings to convey the relevant
aspects.


## Open Questions

* How to proceed with ZFS and btrfs? Shall we re-introduce btrfs or also
drop ZFS, shall we go back to awareness/feature knowledge instead of any
actual implementation?

* Shall we keep SSH-CA or drop it? In the case of the latter, shall we drop
SSH in LPIC-2 entirely and stick with what's in LPIC-1?

Looking forward to your comments,

Fabian



On Mon, Oct 23, 2023 at 7:43 PM Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> This thread is supposed to capture the discussion of the objectives draft
> for exam 201-500. The current draft for the new version is available in the
> LPI wiki:
>
>   https://wiki.lpi.org/wiki/LPIC-2_Objectives_V5.0#Objectives:_Exam_201
>
> Please note that this document will be edited as the discussion goes.
> Please use the history and diff features of the wiki to keep track of
> changes.
>
> The major change proposals can be summarized like this:
>
> - Topic 200, capacity planning, is merged into the new objective 055.3,
> Resource Management, and now focuses on resource management using systemd
> features, with less weight that the topic used to have before
>
> - Topic 201, Linux Kernel, and topic 202, System Startup have been merged
> and aspects of custom kernels have been removed. We focus on kernel
> updates, modules and DKMS, as well as systemd management. No other init
> systems are covered beyond awareness level
>
> - Topic 203 (old)/202 (new), File systems, has been reduced to remove
> overlap with LPIC-1 and add systemd specific aspects
>
> - Topic 204 (old)/203 (new), Advanced storage management, has received
> more weight to go into more details of mdraid and LVM. There is also a new
> objective on ZFS.
>
> - Topic 205 (old)/204 (new), Advanced Networking Configuration, has been
> structured to make the distinction of runtime (iproute2) and persistent
> (NetworkManager and systemd-networkd) configuration as well as
> troubleshooting. net-utils are gone.
>
> - Topic 206 (old)/205 (new) was updated and extended to include resource
> management, along with some aspects of the former topic 200.
>
> Topic 206 (new) covers configuration management using Ansible. This topic
> is very similar to the Ansible topic of the DevOps Tools Engineer, which
> will no longer cover Ansible in the future. Ansible seems to have the
> largest adoption nowadays, along with the most convenient learning curve of
> the major tools in this field. This topic mostly fills weights that became
> vacant due to the reduction of the resource management and kernel
> compilation objectives.
>
> There are, of course, numerous smaller changes, fixes and improvements.
>
> Looking forward to your thoughts,
>
> Fabian
>
> --
> Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12
> Director of Product Development, Linux Professional Institute
>


-- 
Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12
Director of Product Development, Linux Professional Institute
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