Tom Peters schrieb:
>
> Here is another issue that I would like to see if there is consensus if it
> should be included in L1, and to what extent:
>
> A task from the JAS-2 was delegated for incorporation into L1:
>
> "
> 1.2.16
> none
> Configure ntp.conf and ntp.drift to be used by xntpd
>
> Kara: NTP is not covered currently by Level 1. Move to seed item
> into Level 1 during re-write.
> "
>
> This task pre-supposes that time is properly managed on the system, and
> also that system time actually is regularly corrected using NTP. The
> matter is, that tasks on system clock management have never been included
> in the surveys. IMNSHO this is an important oversight of the surveys, and
> I believe that time management are required tasks for sysadmins. I will
> go so far as to list tasks that I think should go into a L1
> objective; please let me know what you think, and also how important these
> tasks are in relation to existing test objectives.
>
> - set the hardware (BIOS) clock to the correct date and time
> - set the system date and time
> - configure the correct timezone for the system
> - synchronize the hardware clock and the system time
> - configure the system to regularly synchronize the clock over the
> network using NTP, and configure correction for clock drift
> - Best Practice: maintain the BIOS clock in UTC, configure the timezone
> such that the system time counts local time
> - use commands date, hwclock, ntpdate, ntpd
> - be familar with the timezone database in /usr/share/zoneinfo/
> - maintain config files /etc/ntp.conf, /etc/ntp.keys, /etc/ntp.drift,
> /etc/timezone, /etc/localtime
LPI Exam 102
Topic 1.1: Hardware & Architecture
Obj 1: Configure fundamental system hardware
Weight of objective: 3
Demonstrate a proper understanding of important BIOS settings,
set the date and time
Well, all the files and commands you mentioned are
not clearly spoken out in the objective above, but
there are also some other objectives which you have
to dig into by yourself, like this objective:
"Set limits on user logins, processes, and memory usage."
Wrt time management John Holp did a nice introduction,
which gives you an overview about LPI testing:
---
I want to give you a sample LPI test that has only one (1)
question on it. I did not see this question on any exam but
it contains the very quintessence of the LPI exam "spirit".
It, figuratively speaking, has the fingerprints of Dan York
and Chuck Mead all over it. The question is succinct, it
contains only 12 words.
It tests not only very specific syntax but your in-depth
understanding of the subject area. I think most every LPI
exam question masterfully attempts to accomplish this.
It is a nice clean "fast-ball" right down the center of
the strike zone. Are you ready?
What is the syntax to get your computer's date and
hardware time?
a. clock
b. hwclock
c. hwclock -r
d. date
e. hwclock --show
And of course you picked answer "d" knowing that
while there is no visible link ("tip") between the
word "date" and the word "time" in the question;
But you have studied hard, (you know your stuff),
and you know to get not only the day of the week,
the month, the day of the month, but also the time
as in hour of the day, the minute of the hour,
and the seconds of the minute is to use the command
"date". If you are near a Linux machine type "date"
to prove it right now --- see, you are on top of
your game.
Well did you know you picked the only INCORRECT
answer in the list?
The question itself is actually a delightful LPI
enigma - a puzzle, within a puzzle, within a puzzle.
The underpinning and foundational question has
nothing to do with the visible words and keystrokes
before your eyes.
The first puzzle, (the foundation), is did you
study hard enough and were you persistent enough
to discover that there is more than one clock in Linux?
The next puzzle is do you know the differences
between the clocks?
The next puzzle, (you are now down three (3) deep
in puzzles), is do you know the specific syntax?
Okay, then give me all combinations and permutations
of the correct syntax, keystroke for keystroke,
to get all the answers, to get this question right.
Answers a, b, c, and e are ALL correct.
Check the man pages via;
man hwclock
The original answer you gave has nothing to do
with the question you read - they did not ask you
for the system clock time - they asked you for the
hardware clock time ---
(you-dummy-you) --> this is directed more at
me than you.
Now in your defense, out of six (6) books that
I purchased specifically on Linux, three of which
are written specifically for LPI exam preparation,
only one even mentions that there is such a thing
as a hardware clock. Page 172 in the book, NOT
designed to assist you in the LPI effort, - Debian
GNU/Linux Unleashed mentions this clock but gives
none of the syntax found in our sample question.
And, you can drill down five (5) levels deep in the
LPI POMS and NOT see any reference to date or time.
Objectives -- Exam 102, Topic 1.1:Hardware &
Architecture, Obj 1:Configure Fundamental system
hardware - the first line reads --- ,set the
date and time,---
So finding all of the clocks in which one can set
the date and time is the first order of business.
Because you cannot predict which clock LPI is going
to ask you about, you had better know the syntax for
all of the clocks. The syntax to set the system
clock time is significantly different than the
syntax to set the hardware clock time.
I was communicating via e-mail with a nice person,
Florian Kalhammer, I think from Germany, about
preparation for the 102 exam and I mentioned that
the phrase "set the date and time" meant to me
MMDDhhmm. As in MonthMonth DayDay hourhour
minuteminute. He was quick to caution me that
my syntax was the absolute minimum. LPI would
want me to know the complete syntax which is
MMDDhhmm[[CC][YY].[ss]] CC stands for the century
"20", YY the year, currently 01 and the "." is the
separator between the year and ss, the number of
seconds. Then almost in passing he asked ---
"you do know about the hardware clock??"
Check man hwclock.
The men and women that publish the final words in
the LPI exam questions have done a magnificent job
of making the tests very difficult without injecting
any foolishness, ambiguity, or vagueness. Knowing
the exact syntax is definitely necessary but NOT
sufficient - integral but not visibly printed, the
questions will test you first to see if you know
and understand the subject matter area -- THEN want
you to give the physical exact syntax or answer.
The lone question above is most legitimate, has no
ambiguity, and is void of any foolishness but you
will NOT get it right if you do not know about the
"other clock" -- AND, then have significant syntax
command of the subject area - systems clock versus
hardware clock.
Think -- Think -- Think
---
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