On Wed, Aug 1, 2018 at 4:31 PM, 'Simone Piccardi' via Relay - fthorns < [email protected]> wrote:
> Il 01/08/2018 09:37, Fabian Thorns ha scritto: > > I wouldn't go too deep into those details, we're not talking about VM > > Exists/Entries nor about masking individual CPU flags. Following the > > objectives [1], there will be one question on each 101 exam asking > > something about the concepts of a VM or a container, about what to buy > > in an IaaS cloud to run Linux, about how to get Linux into a VM/a > > Container/an IaaS instance, which could be as easy as using an existing > > image. It's a one weight objective only, so it's safe to assume that > > we're talking about what is inside a VM/a container, not how the > > virtualization is implemented in details. > > > > Reading the list of used files, terms and utilities in 102.6 it seems > that what you need know to is little bit too broad for a single question > topic. > > If you cite SSH host keys you are talking about an SSH server > configuration, that's 212.3. So for this single question you need to > teach people a 4 questions topic of a more advanced exam. > We're not asking for SSH server configuration, we ask for knowing SSH host keys exists (this is LPIC-1 knowledge) and that they should be specific for an individual system (again, LPIC-1 knowledge) and that this might have implications in a virtualized environment where images, clones etc. are used (that is the new part in here (which should be easy to explain). > If you require understanding networking (in Understand common elements > virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block > storage and networking) you are asking about topics covered in Exam 102. > When you click the 'create an instance' button in your favorite cloud, do you have to configure networking? Do you have to do something if you want to reach your instance externally? Anything which relates to using ip or ifconfig belongs to exam 102, getting the networking interface and having an idea of how these instances are usually connected to the outside (again, not the exact routing, but the concept of how traffic to an external IP address ends up in an IaaS instance). > > So far I cannot understand what kind of competence (at the Exam 101 > level) you want to test. A generic one about knowing you need to have a > tailored image for launching a container? That's what the objectives say. This is not specific to one hypervisor or to, this is mostly conceptual. Installation a VM might be different from installation a physical server, setting up a Linux instance in the cloud might be different from running a VM locally. It doesn't matter if it is KVM, Xen or VMware on the one side or GCP, AWS, DigitalOcean on the other. Likewise, a ps ax in a VM might look different to a ps ax in a Docker container; in fact, even getting to a shell might be different when using a classic VM, an LXC container or a Docker container. The candidate doesn't need to be able to build a container or a VM image, but he should have an idea about the differences in case he's facing one of these kinds of 'Linuxes'. To get another idea of this topic, try this (please really do it): Image you're preparing yourself for your LPIC-1 exams; go to one or two big IaaS cloud providers and try to get a Linux there, with a user account to log, a public IP address to SSH to and a persistent disk to store something. Once you got this, you're good to apply your LPIC-1 knowledge. The steps to this point are similar in most clouds; conceptual knowledge of these steps is what we ask for. Next, start a Docker container and a Linux VM. How to do this is our of scope of this objective anyway. But even when you try to get a shell in the VM or in the Container, you might notice some differences. Once you got the shell, check which processes are running and which software is installed. Imagine as an LPIC-1 alumni you're put into either of these environments, which information do you need to find out what's going on and to do one or the other thing which is in the other objectives? That's what this topic is about. For the next revision, should we add virt-what? Fabian -- Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12 Director of Certification Development, Linux Professional Institute
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