This is very close to my experience. This has become junior level in many environments 2015+, and will be nearly all environments 2020+.
Just my opinion, but we're doing our candidates a great disservice by not preparing them for the environments they will walk into. - bjs P.S. My ignorance here, but could some of this be answered with a survey to our last candidates? Especially cert holders? At least under an opt-in arrangement. On Wed, Aug 1, 2018, 11:42 Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> wrote: > > > On Wed, Aug 1, 2018 at 4:31 PM, 'Simone Piccardi' via Relay - fthorns < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> Il 01/08/2018 09:37, Fabian Thorns ha scritto: >> > I wouldn't go too deep into those details, we're not talking about VM >> > Exists/Entries nor about masking individual CPU flags. Following the >> > objectives [1], there will be one question on each 101 exam asking >> > something about the concepts of a VM or a container, about what to buy >> > in an IaaS cloud to run Linux, about how to get Linux into a VM/a >> > Container/an IaaS instance, which could be as easy as using an existing >> > image. It's a one weight objective only, so it's safe to assume that >> > we're talking about what is inside a VM/a container, not how the >> > virtualization is implemented in details. >> > >> >> Reading the list of used files, terms and utilities in 102.6 it seems >> that what you need know to is little bit too broad for a single question >> topic. >> >> If you cite SSH host keys you are talking about an SSH server >> configuration, that's 212.3. So for this single question you need to >> teach people a 4 questions topic of a more advanced exam. >> > > We're not asking for SSH server configuration, we ask for knowing SSH host > keys exists (this is LPIC-1 knowledge) and that they should be specific for > an individual system (again, LPIC-1 knowledge) and that this might have > implications in a virtualized environment where images, clones etc. are > used (that is the new part in here (which should be easy to explain). > > > >> If you require understanding networking (in Understand common elements >> virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block >> storage and networking) you are asking about topics covered in Exam 102. >> > > When you click the 'create an instance' button in your favorite cloud, do > you have to configure networking? Do you have to do something if you want > to reach your instance externally? Anything which relates to using ip or > ifconfig belongs to exam 102, getting the networking interface and having > an idea of how these instances are usually connected to the outside (again, > not the exact routing, but the concept of how traffic to an external IP > address ends up in an IaaS instance). > > > >> >> So far I cannot understand what kind of competence (at the Exam 101 >> level) you want to test. A generic one about knowing you need to have a >> tailored image for launching a container? > > > That's what the objectives say. This is not specific to one hypervisor or > to, this is mostly conceptual. Installation a VM might be different from > installation a physical server, setting up a Linux instance in the cloud > might be different from running a VM locally. It doesn't matter if it is > KVM, Xen or VMware on the one side or GCP, AWS, DigitalOcean on the other. > Likewise, a ps ax in a VM might look different to a ps ax in a Docker > container; in fact, even getting to a shell might be different when using a > classic VM, an LXC container or a Docker container. The candidate doesn't > need to be able to build a container or a VM image, but he should have an > idea about the differences in case he's facing one of these kinds of > 'Linuxes'. > > To get another idea of this topic, try this (please really do it): Image > you're preparing yourself for your LPIC-1 exams; go to one or two big IaaS > cloud providers and try to get a Linux there, with a user account to log, a > public IP address to SSH to and a persistent disk to store something. Once > you got this, you're good to apply your LPIC-1 knowledge. The steps to this > point are similar in most clouds; conceptual knowledge of these steps is > what we ask for. Next, start a Docker container and a Linux VM. How to do > this is our of scope of this objective anyway. But even when you try to get > a shell in the VM or in the Container, you might notice some differences. > Once you got the shell, check which processes are running and which > software is installed. Imagine as an LPIC-1 alumni you're put into either > of these environments, which information do you need to find out what's > going on and to do one or the other thing which is in the other objectives? > That's what this topic is about. > > For the next revision, should we add virt-what? > > Fabian > > -- > Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12 > Director of Certification Development, Linux Professional Institute > _______________________________________________ > lpi-examdev mailing list > [email protected] > http://list.lpi.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lpi-examdev
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