Could someone pls. explain why the thinner string is sometimes placed
above (baroque practice?) and sometimes below (renaissance practice?)
the thicker one?
G.
On Tue, May 12, 2015 at 10:11 AM, Monica Hall
<[1][email protected]> wrote:
I think octave stringing on the 5th and 6th courses is now thought
probably and I think that John Griffiths does that although I amA
not certain.
The thing is that you have to get the strings perfectly matched so
that the high octave string enhances the low octave string but
doesn't create a re-entrant effect.
Monica
----- Original Message ----- From: "Robert Barto"
<[2][email protected]>
Cc: "Lutelist" <[3][email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, May 12, 2015 7:12 AM
Subject: [LUTE] Vihuela stringing
A Thanks for the interesting comments on Spain vs. Italy
A A few years ago there was some discussion that the vihuela
sources
A weren't so clear about the strict no octave policy. What is the
current
A thinking on this?
A --
A Sent from my Android phone with GMX Mail. Please excuse my
brevity.
A Antonio Corona <[4][email protected]> wrote:
A A Dear friends,
A A Regarding the lute in Spain, Douglas Alton Smith, as Dan
points out,
A A supports a myth, albeit a long established one. And I must
agree
A A with
A A Monica in that it is indeed a rather silly one. For those who
can
A A read
A A Spanish, my book El LaA-od en la EspaA+-a Cristiana (The Lute
in
A A Christian Spain) is about to appear, published by the Spanish
A A Sociedad
A A de la Vihuela, el LaA-od y la Guitarra. I hope It my prove
helpful
A A in
A A dispelling the absurd notions about the alleged mistrust of
things
A A Moorish, besides paying homage to Diana Poulton and Pepe Rey's
A A contributions to the matter.
A A There is plenty more information and documents about the lute
in
A A Spain
A A than those advanced by Smith, and they attest to a widespread
use of
A A the instrument there. As a matter of fact,I had already delved
into
A A the
A A matter in my dissertation, and arrived at the conclusion
-which I
A A now
A A can support even better- that the truly aristocratic
instrument in
A A Renaissance Spain was not the vihuela (as it is generally
held), but
A A the lute.
A A With best wishes,
A A Antonio
A A
__________________________________________________________________
A A From: Dan Winheld <[5][email protected]>
A A To: Monica Hall <[6][email protected]>; Mark Seifert
A A <[7][email protected]>
A A Cc: Lutelist <[8][email protected]>
A A Sent: Wednesday, 6 May 2015, 16:53
A A Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A Satan's Advocate could well quote from Douglas Alton Smith's
support
A A of
A A the rather silly myth from his work, "A History of the Lute",
p.221
A A Chapter VIII "The Vihuela in Renaissance Spain":
A A "At least one musician, Rodrigo Castillo, who was denoted as a
A A lutenist
A A in Spanish court records of 1488, was called a vihuelist in
1500.
A A Instrument makers who were commonly called 'laudero' in the
15th
A A century
A A were called 'violero' in the 16th."
A A -And of course he's got footnotes giving documentation. For
what
A A it's
A A worth- Can anyone corroborate, contradict?
A A (Incidentally, I could have been legitimately labeled
"Lutenist" in
A A 1999
A A and "Vihuelist" in 2002).
A A Dan
A A On 5/6/2015 12:18 PM, Monica Hall wrote:
A A > Briefly - I think the idea that the Spanish didn't like the
lute
A A > because it had Moorish associations is a rather silly myth.
A A > Monica
A A >
A A >
A A > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Mark Seifert"
A A <[1][9][email protected]>
A A > To: "Ron Andrico" <[2][10][email protected]>;
"Christopher Wilke"
A A > <[3][11][email protected]>; "Dan Winheld"
A A <[4][12][email protected]>; "Rob
A A > MacKillop" <[5][13][email protected]>; "Howard Posner"
A A > <[6][14][email protected]>; "David Van Ooijen"
A A <[7][15][email protected]>
A A > Cc: "'Lutelist'" <[8][16][email protected]>
A A > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2015 1:51 PM
A A > Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A >
A A >
A A >> Regarding the Spain versus rest-of-Europe issue ( a most
A A fascinating
A A >> topic--thanks for introducing it, Robert Barto ), English
Prof
A A >> Brittany
A A >> Hughes said that one reason the Spanish kings/queens so
brutally
A A >> expelled or forced conversion on the "Moors" (1523 was an
A A important
A A >> date of escalation, and then the worst of the Inquisition
was
A A imposed
A A >> in 1609) was that the Turks liked to raid the coast of
Spain from
A A >> their
A A >> ships, escalating anti-Muslim hatred throughout this
period. She
A A >> didn't mention why the Jews were so oppressed, as they seem
like
A A >> innocent bystanders. I wonder if they also tried to
eliminate the
A A >> lute, because it was seen as a Moorish instrument, or the
lute
A A belly
A A >> reminded them of something really evil, like the belly of a
A A pregnant
A A >> woman, heaven forbid.
A A >> In defense of Spain, Dr. Teofilo Ruiz of UCLA in his
"Terror of
A A >> History" course said that the Spanish ended their witch
hunting
A A >> decades
A A >> before England and Germany (and America). Maybe the adverse
A A >> effects of
A A >> eliminating Jews and Muslims helped them realize that
getting rid
A A of
A A >> all their witches wouldn't improve anything.
A A >> I had a really spooky/scary experience in 1973 after I got
a
A A minimum
A A >> wage job vacuuming dust off the books in the dark stacks of
A A Widener
A A >> Library (built after the Titanic went down in honor of a
son of a
A A >> Boston Brahmin family). Was sitting on the cold concrete
floor
A A >> dusting
A A >> a row of books when I encountered a black leather clad tome
whose
A A >> binding showed one word, my last name spelled correctly,
and the
A A date
A A >> "1728" in silver Gothic letters. Shocked and amazed, I
pulled it
A A >> out,
A A >> opened it and discovered it was a baroque legal textbook
A A discussing
A A in
A A >> incredible detail some issues regarding die Hexen. Though I
was
A A >> studying German at the time, I couldn't quite figure out if
it
A A covered
A A >> how to identify/prosecute or how to defend/absolve the
witches!
A A There
A A >> were columns and tables of criteria, and even some numbers.
I
A A suspect
A A >> the botched Salem trials and executions before the turn of
the
A A century
A A >> caused Germans concern so they wanted to do a better legal
job
A A than
A A >> the
A A >> crazed Massachusetts clerics. Talk about having a skeleton
in
A A one's
A A >> family's ancestral closet. I tried later to access that
volume on
A A >> line, but the book appears to be gone. Since classes had
ended, I
A A >> didn't take the book to my German teacher Herr Reller, but
I also
A A >> feared what the book might contain. I believe by 1728 the
Spanish
A A had
A A >> gotten over any obsession about Hexen, but not yet England
and
A A >> Germany.
A A >> Mark Seifert
A A >> On Wednesday, May 6, 2015 4:07 AM, Mathias RAP:sel
A A >> <[9][17][email protected]> wrote:
A A >> Read Hillary Mantel on that topic, you'll get another view.
A A >> Mathias
A A >> > -----Original Message-----
A A >> > From: [1][10][18][email protected]
A A >> [mailto:[2][11][19][email protected]] On Behalf Of
A A >> > Chris Barker
A A >> > Sent: Tuesday, May 05, 2015 6:11 PM
A A >> > To: 'Monica Hall'; 'Edward Chrysogonus Yong'
A A >> > Cc: 'Lutelist'
A A >> > Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A >> >
A A >> > I agree on Thomas Cromwell as well! Had Henry VIII not
been
A A king
A A at
A A >> that time I'd
A A >> > call him a thug too!
A A >> >
A A >> > Chris
A A >> >
A A >> > -----Original Message-----
A A >> > From: [3][12][20][email protected]
A A >> [mailto:[4][13][21][email protected]] On Behalf Of
A A >> > Monica Hall
A A >> > Sent: Tuesday, May 05, 2015 9:19 AM
A A >> > To: Edward Chrysogonus Yong
A A >> > Cc: Lutelist
A A >> > Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A >> >
A A >> > Yes - Simon Schama has likened Cromwell and his
supporters to
A A the
A A >> Taliban in
A A >> > Afghanistan.
A A >> > They were certainly responsible for destroying some of
our
A A cultural
A A >> heritage.
A A >> > And Thomas Cromwell a century earlier was just an
avaricious
A A thug.
A A >> > Monica
A A >> >
A A >> >
A A >> > ----- Original Message -----
A A >> > From: "Edward Chrysogonus Yong"
<[5][14][22][email protected]>
A A >> > To: "Mark Wheeler" <[6][15][23][email protected]>
A A >> > Cc: "Monica Hall" <[7][16][24][email protected]>;
"ml"
A A >> <[8][17][25][email protected]>;
A A >> > "Lutelist" <[9][18][26][email protected]>
A A >> > Sent: Tuesday, May 05, 2015 10:55 AM
A A >> > Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A >> >
A A >> >
A A >> > >
A A >> > > England falling to 16th C Catholic Spain may have been
better
A A for
A A >> > > music and culture than falling to Cromwell and the
Puritans,
A A just
A A >> saying...
A A >> > >
A A >> > > ========
A A >> > >
A A >> > > II?III? I.I>>IuI-oIII?I 1/2I^1I-oII 1/2 II+-III'II?I
A A 1/4IuI-I?I
A A >> 1/2
A A >> IuI-o IuI-I|II 1/2I?I IuI 1/4IuI IuIII 1/4II,I..
A A >> > > HA| litterA| electronicA| ab iPhono missA| sunt.
A A >> > > aeCURe>>aaeuae>>P:c, 1/4eae-oe-aaa 3/4iPhonea
A A >> > > This e-mail was sent from my iPhone.
A A >> > >
A A >> > >> On 5 May 2015, at 4:40 pm, Mark Wheeler
A A <[10][19][27][email protected]>
A A >> wrote:
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >> Regarding Elizabeth I's racism here is an interesting
A A article
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A
[11][20][1][28]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.p
df
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >> What Monica says about not judging the past by an
A A inappropriate
A A >> set
A A >> > >> of criteria is true and is also appropriate to the
"racism"
A A of
A A >> the
A A >> > >> English Queen.
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >> It may not be PC, but I personally am exceedingly
happy that
A A >> England
A A >> > >> did not fall to 16th century Catholic Spain!
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >> All the best
A A >> > >> Mark
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>> On May 5, 2015, at 9:41 AM, Monica Hall wrote:
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>> Yes - you are right. We shouldn't judge the past by
an
A A >> > >>> inappropriate set of criteria.
A A >> > >>> Spain has got a bad press in the English speaking
world
A A because
A A >> most
A A >> > >>> of us study history from an English/Northern Europe
point
A A of
A A >> view.
A A >> > >>> Queen Elizabeth I was a racist - want to expel all
coloured
A A >> people
A A >> > >>> from England. So was Shakespeare. Jews are always
villains.
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>> Monica briefly
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "ml"
A A >> <[12][21][29][email protected]>
A A >> > >>> To: "LUTELIST List"
<[13][22][30][email protected]>
A A >> > >>> Sent: Monday, May 04, 2015 8:53 PM
A A >> > >>> Subject: [LUTE] Re: Spain vs. Italy
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>>
A A >> > >>>> Spain was not an exception regarding free vs.
conservative
A A >> > >>>> thinking. I mean, Spain was not more conservative
than
A A England
A A >> or
A A >> > >>>> France, in regard to what is right or wrong in
religion,
A A >> morality
A A >> > >>>> (for instance
A A >> > >>>> sexuality.) and so on. Fear was (and is) the
explication
A A of
A A >> nearly
A A >> > >>>> everything.
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> Perhaps Jean Delumeau (La peur en Occident, Fayard,
1978)
A A hits
A A >> the
A A >> > >>>> nail when he says, concluding his wonderful book,
that
A A Satan
A A >> was
A A >> > >>>> seen everywhere. He is the enemy, he inspires the
turks,
A A the
A A >> > >>>> witches, the heresies, the plagues, etc. When the
A A attention
A A is
A A >> > >>>> focused on jews and 'moriscos' (that is what happens
in
A A Spain),
A A >> the
A A >> > >>>> witches are not so closely monitorized. In other
european
A A >> > >>>> countries, not so much worried with jews, heresies
(here
A A the
A A >> > >>>> protestants, there the catholics) were prosecuted
instead.
A A Only
A A >> two
A A >> > >>>> countries, Delumeau continues, "escaped from this
general
A A fear:
A A >> > >>>> Poland and Italy. The latter perhaps because of
being more
A A >> pagan
A A >> > >>>> than his neighbors (that was Erasmus' opinion), or
because
A A the
A A >> > >>>> church was controlling it better than elsewhere. In
any
A A >> case, it
A A >> > >>>> seems that Italy lost his mind because of these
fears in a
A A >> lesser degree than
A A >> > other countries."
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> But. if we read Carlo Ginzburg's Il formaggio e i
fermi.
A A Il
A A >> cosmo
A A >> > >>>> di un mugnaio del '500 (1976), a seminal work in
A A micro-history,
A A >> > >>>> Italy suffered under the inquisition as well.
A A >> > >>>> Galileo's case is of course very well known.
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> It's all too easy to project from our present time
to that
A A >> past.
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> Regards from Barcelona, dear lute friends. :-)
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> Manolo
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>>> El 04/05/2015, a las 19:27, Sean Smith
A A <[14][23][31][email protected]>
A A >> escribiA^3:
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> That's what I'm thinking, too. The very first piece
in
A A Dalza's
A A >> > >>>>> book is the Caldibi Castigliano and it certainly
points
A A to
A A a
A A >> > >>>>> refined and complex idiom unlike anything else in
his
A A >> Ferrerese
A A >> or
A A >> > >>>>> Venetiana dance cycles.
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> Sean
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> On May 4, 2015, at 9:52 AM, Gary Boye wrote:
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> A word of caution here:
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> We are making judgements based primarily on the
printed
A A >> evidence
A A >> > >>>>> (i.e., the 7 main vihuela tablatures); there was a
great
A A deal
A A >> of
A A >> > >>>>> music (most of it!) that took place in Spain
outside of
A A these
A A >> > >>>>> formal, published works.
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> Publishing was a big deal in the 16th century.
Getting an
A A >> > >>>>> imprimatur from a conservative and literally
A A Inquisitorial
A A >> > >>>>> government was unlikely with a large collection of
dance
A A >> music;
A A >> > >>>>> much easier to play it conservative and stick to
sacred
A A >> > >>>>> intabulations. The vihuela manuscripts hint at a
wider
A A >> repertoire,
A A >> > >>>>> as does the existence of guitar music from a later
A A period.
A A Who
A A >> > >>>>> knows what was happening on the streets, but the
A A Inquisition
A A >> > >>>>> wouldn't have had much to do if everyone in Spain
was a
A A >> straight-laced as
A A >> > the vihuela tablatures make it seem .
A A >> > >>>>> . .
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> Gary
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>> Dr. Gary R. Boye
A A >> > >>>>> Professor and Music Librarian
A A >> > >>>>> Appalachian State University
A A >> > >>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>> On 5/4/2015 12:37 PM, Dan Winheld wrote:
A A >> > >>>>>> In other words, because the only two
ethnic/cultural
A A groups
A A >> that
A A >> > >>>>>> had any rhythm were invited to leave the premises
at
A A once.
A A It
A A >> was
A A >> > >>>>>> said that when all the Jewish & Moorish doctors,
A A scholars,
A A >> > >>>>>> scientists, and artists & academics showed up on
his
A A >> doorstep,
A A >> > >>>>>> the Sultan of Turkey asked "Has the King of Spain
lost
A A his
A A >> mind?"
A A >> > >>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>> Lacking some rhythm myself, I do enjoy the all the
great
A A >> vihuela
A A >> > >>>>>> music a lot- but even I have to sometimes "move"
over to
A A >> Italy
A A >> &
A A >> > >>>>>> Germany for a little jumping around.
A A >> > >>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>> Dan
A A >> > >>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>>> On 5/4/2015 3:36 AM, Ron Andrico wrote:
A A >> > >>>>>>> Well, the first answer that springs to mind is
because
A A Spain
A A >> had
A A >> > >>>>>>> recently kicked out all the dance musicians, who
had
A A >> moved to
A A >> Italy.
A A >> > >>>>>>> They were left with a bunch of upwardly mobile
A A courtiers
A A >> > >>>>>>> (Milan), and serious-minded priests with so much
time
A A on
A A >> their
A A >> > >>>>>>> hands that they intabulated every piece of vocal
A A polyphony
A A >> they
A A >> > >>>>>>> could put their hands on.
A A >> > >>>>>>> Actually, there is quite a bit of dance music in
A A Fuenllana's
A A >> > >>>>>>> print, some but much less in the other six
published
A A books.
A A >> > >>>>>>> Also, there was quite a bit of dance music
evident in
A A >> Naples,
A A >> > >>>>>>> which was Spanish at the time.
A A >> > >>>>>>> RA
A A >> > >>>>>>>> Date: Mon, 4 May 2015 09:29:52 +0200
A A >> > >>>>>>>> To: [15][24][32][email protected]
A A >> > >>>>>>>> From: [16][25][33][email protected]
A A >> > >>>>>>>> Subject: [LUTE] Spain vs. Italy
A A >> > >>>>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>>>> Hi all,
A A >> > >>>>>>>> In the early 1500s, why are dances so common in
A A Italian
A A >> lute
A A >> > >>>>>>>> music
A A >> > >>>>>>> and
A A >> > >>>>>>>> so rare in the vihuela rep. ?
A A >> > >>>>>>>> Thanks
A A >> > >>>>>>>> --
A A >> > >>>>>>>> Sent from my Android phone with GMX Mail. Please
A A excuse
A A my
A A >> brevity.
A A >> > >>>>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>>>> To get on or off this list see list information
at
A A >> > >>>>>>>>
A A
[17][26][2][34]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.htm
l
A A >> > >>>>>>>
A A >> > >>>>>>> --
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>>
A A >> > >>>> --
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >>
A A >> > >
A A >> > >
A A >> >
A A >> >
A A >>
A A >> --
A A >>
A A >> References
A A >>
A A >> 1. mailto:[27][35][email protected]
A A >> 2. mailto:[28][36][email protected]
A A >> 3. mailto:[29][37][email protected]
A A >> 4. mailto:[30][38][email protected]
A A >> 5. mailto:[31][39][email protected]
A A >> 6. mailto:[32][40][email protected]
A A >> 7. mailto:[33][41][email protected]
A A >> 8. mailto:[34][42][email protected]
A A >> 9. mailto:[35][43][email protected]
A A >> 10. mailto:[36][44][email protected]
A A >> 11.
A A
[37][3][45]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A A >> 12. mailto:[38][46][email protected]
A A >> 13. mailto:[39][47][email protected]
A A >> 14. mailto:[40][48][email protected]
A A >> 15. mailto:[41][49][email protected]
A A >> 16. mailto:[42][50][email protected]
A A >> 17.
[43][4][51]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
A A >>
A A >
A A >
A A >
A A --
A A References
A A 1. mailto:[52][email protected]
A A 2. mailto:[53][email protected]
A A 3. mailto:[54][email protected]
A A 4. mailto:[55][email protected]
A A 5. mailto:[56][email protected]
A A 6. mailto:[57][email protected]
A A 7. mailto:[58][email protected]
A A 8. mailto:[59][email protected]
A A 9. mailto:[60][email protected]
A A 10. mailto:[61][email protected]
A A 11. mailto:[62][email protected]
A A 12. mailto:[63][email protected]
A A 13. mailto:[64][email protected]
A A 14. mailto:[65][email protected]
A A 15. mailto:[66][email protected]
A A 16. mailto:[67][email protected]
A A 17. mailto:[68][email protected]
A A 18. mailto:[69][email protected]
A A 19. mailto:[70][email protected]
A A 20.[5]
[71]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A A 21. mailto:[72][email protected]
A A 22. mailto:[73][email protected]
A A 23. mailto:[74][email protected]
A A 24. mailto:[75][email protected]
A A 25. mailto:[76][email protected]
A A 26.[6]
[77]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
A A 27. mailto:[78][email protected]
A A 28. mailto:[79][email protected]
A A 29. mailto:[80][email protected]
A A 30. mailto:[81][email protected]
A A 31. mailto:[82][email protected]
A A 32. mailto:[83][email protected]
A A 33. mailto:[84][email protected]
A A 34. mailto:[85][email protected]
A A 35. mailto:[86][email protected]
A A 36. mailto:[87][email protected]
A A 37.[7]
[88]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A A 38. mailto:[89][email protected]
A A 39. mailto:[90][email protected]
A A 40. mailto:[91][email protected]
A A 41. mailto:[92][email protected]
A A 42. mailto:[93][email protected]
A A 43.[8]
[94]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
References
A 1. [95]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A 2. [96]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
A 3. [97]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A 4. [98]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
A 5. [99]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A 6. [100]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
A 7. [101]https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
A 8. [102]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
--
References
1. mailto:[email protected]
2. mailto:[email protected]
3. mailto:[email protected]
4. mailto:[email protected]
5. mailto:[email protected]
6. mailto:[email protected]
7. mailto:[email protected]
8. mailto:[email protected]
9. mailto:[email protected]
10. mailto:[email protected]
11. mailto:[email protected]
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13. mailto:[email protected]
14. mailto:[email protected]
15. mailto:[email protected]
16. mailto:[email protected]
17. mailto:[email protected]
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20. mailto:[email protected]
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22. mailto:[email protected]
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24. mailto:[email protected]
25. mailto:[email protected]
26. mailto:[email protected]
27. mailto:[email protected]
28. https://www.press.jhu.edu/timeline/sel/Bartels_2006.pdf
29. mailto:[email protected]
30. mailto:[email protected]
31. mailto:[email protected]
32. mailto:[email protected]
33. mailto:[email protected]
34. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
35. mailto:[email protected]
36. mailto:[email protected]
37. mailto:[email protected]
38. mailto:[email protected]
39. mailto:[email protected]
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43. mailto:[email protected]
44. mailto:[email protected]
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