And what "system settings" allow me to change the fontsize globally? I use xfce4, and have also been looking for that.I recommend compiling LyX 2.2.0 with Qt 5.6. The latter knows about high-dpi monitors, and it uses the system settings to select the appropriate magnification.
Have you tried
Right click on the menu panel and select Huge icons?
That changes the size of the icons, not the text of menus.
