Thank you for your answer

I tried again but  with french accent  (le titre est "équations structurelles 
") compilation failed

File ended while scanning use of \title.
<*> Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex *** (job aborted, no legal \end found)

with non accent character no trouble  (title become "structural equation")
without sweave block no problem in french

the debug message is :
08:48:27.463: Visionnement en cours...
08:48:27.465: (buffer-view: ⌘R)
08:48:27.499: Rscript --verbose --no-save --no-restore 
"/Applications/LyX.app/Contents/Resources/scripts/lyxsweave.R" 
"/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/""Les_e__quations_structurelles.Rnw"
 
"/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/""Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex"
 ISO-8859-15 "/Users/glfxxx/Dropbox/projets/SEM incertitude med/Lyx/"
08:48:27.518: running
08:48:27.518: '/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/2.12/Resources/bin/R 
--slave --no-restore --no-save --no-restore 
--file=/Applications/LyX.app/Contents/Resources/scripts/lyxsweave.R --args 
/var/folders/vs
08:48:27.518: 
/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/Les_e__quations_structurelles.Rnw
 
/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/Les_e__quations_struct
08:48:27.518: urelles.tex ISO-8859-15'
08:48:27.518:
08:48:27.989: Pendant le dmarrage - Messages d'avis :
08:48:27.990: 1: Setting LC_CTYPE failed, using "C"
08:48:27.990: 2: Setting LC_COLLATE failed, using "C"
08:48:27.991: 3: Setting LC_TIME failed, using "C"
08:48:27.991: 4: Setting LC_MESSAGES failed, using "C"
08:48:28.431: NULL
08:48:28.437: Writing to file 
/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex
08:48:28.440: Processing code chunks ...
08:48:28.467: 1 : term verbatim
08:48:28.483:
08:48:28.483: Vous pouvez maintenant lancer LaTeX sur 
'/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex'
08:48:28.505: Message d'avis :
08:48:28.505: In readLines(f[1L], warn = FALSE) :
08:48:28.506: entre incorrecte trouve dans la connexion en entre 
'/var/folders/vs/wndjjn8n28d13x3mzx5vrtk80000gp/T/lyx_tmpdir.xJL407/lyx_tmpbuf2/Les_e__quations_structurelles.Rnw'
08:48:28.511: pdflatex "Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex"
08:48:28.894: This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 (TeX Live 2010)
08:48:28.894: restricted \write18 enabled.
08:48:28.995: entering extended mode
08:48:29.006: (./Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex
08:48:29.006: LaTeX2e <2009/09/24>
08:48:29.018: Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, dumylang, 
nohyphenation, ge
08:48:29.019: rman-x-2009-06-19, ngerman-x-2009-06-19, ancientgreek, ibycus, 
arabic, armenian
08:48:29.019: , basque, bulgarian, catalan, pinyin, coptic, croatian, czech, 
danish, dutch, u
08:48:29.019: kenglish, usenglishmax, esperanto, estonian, farsi, finnish, 
french, galician,
08:48:29.019: german, ngerman, swissgerman, monogreek, greek, hungarian, 
icelandic, assamese,
08:48:29.019: bengali, gujarati, hindi, kannada, malayalam, marathi, oriya, 
panjabi, tamil,
08:48:29.019: telugu, indonesian, interlingua, irish, italian, kurmanji, lao, 
latin, latvian,
08:48:29.019: lithuanian, mongolian, mongolianlmc, bokmal, nynorsk, polish, 
portuguese, roma
08:48:29.020: nian, russian, sanskrit, serbian, slovak, slovenian, spanish, 
swedish, turkish,
08:48:29.020: turkmen, ukrainian, uppersorbian, welsh, loaded.
08:48:29.020:
08:48:29.258: Erreur au visionnement du format : 
pdf2/Users/Shared/LyX/lyx-2.0.0/src/support/Systemcall.cpp(238): Systemcall: 
'pdflatex "Les_e__quations_structurelles.tex"' finished with exit code 1
08:49:14.336: (dialog-toggle progress)
08:51:41.933: Sauvegarde automatique
08:56:41.933: Sauvegarde automatique

bests regards
Le 8 sept. 2011 à 22:58, Yihui Xie a écrit :

> LyX 2.0 (or the latest 2.0.1) should do reasonably well in handling
> different languages. As the first step to diagnose your problem, could
> you please post the debug messages? (You can find them under the menu
> View-->View messages)
> 
> Regards,
> Yihui
> --
> Yihui Xie <xieyi...@gmail.com>
> Phone: 515-294-2465 Web: http://yihui.name
> Department of Statistics, Iowa State University
> 2215 Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA
> 
> 
> 
> On Thu, Sep 8, 2011 at 6:05 AM, guillaume avenin
> <guillaume.ave...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> I am running LyX 2 on m'y Mac and cannot manage ro sweave in french.
>> Does anyone manage to do so?
>> 
>> 
>> Guillaume Avenin
>> 

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