As Kalu Rinpoche (d. 1989) said in Luminous Mind:
Compassion, Kindness, and Love together form the essential Mahayana attitude.
Their foundation is a non self-cherishing frame of mind oriented towards
others, aspiring to the well-being and happiness of all other beings, whether
human or non-human, friends or enemies.
There are 3 kinds of compassion:
1. Compassion with reference to beings.
It arises when we perceive the suffering of others. It is the first kind of
compassion to arise, and causes us to strive deeply to do everything we can to
help all those who suffer. It emerges when we perceive the pain and sufferings
or others.
This form of compassion is marked by our no longer being able to remain unmoved
by the suffering of beings and by aspiring to do everything possible to help
alleviate their suffering.
2. Compassion with reference to reality.
It arises when we have a genuine experience of the power of ignorance; when we
actually perceive how beings create their own suffering. This compassion occurs
when we really see how others strive to be happy and avoid suffering but how,
not understanding the causes of happiness nor the means of avoiding suffering,
they produce more causes of suffering and have no idea how to cultivate the
causes of happiness. They are blinded by their ignorance, their motivations and
actions contradict one another.
Through understanding the illusory nature of reality, genuine perception of
this situation beings forth this 2nd type of compassion, which is more intense
and profound than the1st kind.
3. Compassion without reference.
It retains no notion of subject, object, or intention. It is the ultimate form
of a Buddha's or great Bodhisattva's compassion and depends upon the
realization of emptiness. There is no longer any reference to a 'me' or 'other'.
This compassion opens naturally and spontaneous.
It is important to be familiar with these 3 types of compassion; to understand
their order, and to being to work at the first level, which is the most
accessible to us.
Clear understanding extends our radiance towards all, without distraction,
while incomplete understanding limits us to those touched by misery. In fact,
we easily have compassion for the poor, but we think the rich, the powerful and
those who appear happy need not be objects of compassion.
Right Compassion is directed toward all beings, including the rich and powerful.
Like all beings, they have been our mothers and fathers in past lives; each has
his or her suffering. Their present situation, their wealth or power, results
from previous positive karma, but they are no less marked by a strong sense of
ego and by many afflictions.
It has been said by Buddha Shakyamuni, "Desire is wealth's companion. Harmful
actions are the companions of the powerful."
Desire and Harmful actions lead them to lower realms and consequent suffering,
so these people should be special objects of our compassion.
At first, we try through meditation to engender compassion and cultivate the
wish to help a person toward whom it is easy to feel this way. Afterward, we
expand this attitude of love-kindness to others, to everyone we meet in out
daily life, then little by little, to all humans and nonhumans, and finally,
even toward those for whom it is most difficult, our enemies and those who hate
us, without exception.
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