Dnia 30.12.2023 o godz. 22:58:25 Simon Wilson via mailop pisze:
> 
> The error message from Google is specifically:
> 
> 421-4.7.28 Gmail has detected an unusual rate of unsolicited mail
> originating from your SPF domain [howiesue.net      35].  To protect our
> users from spam, mail sent from your domain has been temporarily rate
> limited.  For more information, go to
> https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError to review our
> Bulk Email Senders Guidelines
> 
> Google search tells me this is NOT the message they use when the IP
> address is the issue, but that they are having some unknown issue with the
> domain.

I have had exactly the same issue about a year(?) ago. All of a sudden, when
I sent a message to - if I remember correctly - 7 recipients, of which 5
were on Gmail, I got this rejection message and the message, as well as
subsequent ones, even if sent to only one recipient, were deferred for many
hours.
The issue lasted for maybe a week or two, then disappeared on its own.

On average, I send maybe three-four messages to Gmail users per day IN
TOTAL. Sometimes I don't send any message to Gmail at all even for two-three
days, so the message about "unusual rate of unsolicited email" seems pretty
ridiculous in this context.

Similar to you, I have SPF, DKIM, DMARC etc. all in place, valid PTR,
IP not on blocklists (except occasionally the entire ISP's netblock falls
onto UCEPROTECT level 3), I have owned this domain for multiple years. I
have also registered my server and domain on DNSWL. All this doesn't help in
any way. I have also my domain registered in Postmaster Tools, but it
doesn't show any data due to too small number of messages.

I guess Google's mail system is just tuned towards big senders who send
large amount of mail and totally doesn't "know" how to handle small senders
which send only a handful of messages. If I were Google, I would just exempt
the small domains (those that are too small to show up in Postmaster Tools)
from most "sophisticated" checks that their system is probably doing, which
may work well for large senders, but for small senders they just lead to
absurd FPs like the ones described here. But for some unknown reason, Google
doesn't want do do that. So for a small sender, it becomes more a random
thing whether their mail will be accepted by Google or not.
-- 
Regards,
   Jaroslaw Rafa
   r...@rafa.eu.org
--
"In a million years, when kids go to school, they're gonna know: once there
was a Hushpuppy, and she lived with her daddy in the Bathtub."
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