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The discussion of a sand containing anatase as the source of the anatase in
the Vinland Map is a difficult one because the Map anatase has been shown
by electron microscopy to be in the form of a precipitate. It has been
reported that x-ray diffraction evidence also supports a size of the anatase
particles that supports commercial production, however, those diffraction
patterns have not been published to my knowledge. The proposal that
precipiatated
anatase may be present as the result of the action of an acidic environment
of the ink on ilmenite that may have been present in the ink has been
disputed on the basis of the size of the anatase particles in the Map ink. A
further discussion of this point is important to the argument and a further
examination of (1) the data regarding the size of the anatase particles in the
Map ink and of (2)the form of titanium in other medieval inks that contain
titanium is needed. The latter is important because if ilmenite or a byproduct
of ilmenite is present in other medieval inks then this information is
relevant to the history of medieval iron gall inks and their composition and
condition. The suggestion that the Vinland Map ink is a carbon ink rather than
an iron gall ink must also be given much more serious consideration. This
should be a consideration based on all of the information regarding the
analytical data from the Map ink and should include a consideration of the
ferrous
iron particles reported by McCrone as found in the crevice of the Map and
identified.
Jacqueline Olin
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