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There are several notions that arise for me. First, the fact that austerity, be it liberal (as was the case under the Versailles treaty) or neoliberal (as was/is/will be in the case of the American capital), always has fostered the growth of fascism. In this sense Trump prepares the way for the growth of fascism. Second, we are on the verge of a set of developments within the Supreme Court that have profoundly awful implications for minorities and women, including gerrymandering, crushing of unions, and outlawing abortion, all policy hallmarks of fascism. Third, there is a wide spectrum in the history of fascism in terms of rhetoric and policy. Yes, Mussolini started out as a secularist and anti-clerical politician who plagiarized major socialist policy goals. But by the end he was invoking theocratic concepts. Furthermore, Hitler was fundamentally different in his approach to the German Christian churches, from the start he took advantage of the conservative inclinations in those polities to actualize his gains. He was able to take advantage of the long history of antisemitism in the Polish Catholic Church to actualize the Nazi holocaust in a fashion that was far more impactful than in other countries where he encountered resistance. Robert Paxton, whose study on fascism is undeniably the most refined and mature I have read, said the following in a piece I wrote for Washington Babylon (https://wp.me/p7NYU8-C8): There are 5 stages of fascism: 1. *Intellectual exploration*, where disillusionment with popular democracy manifests itself in discussions of lost national vigor 2. *Rooting*, where a fascist movement, aided by political deadlock and polarization, becomes a player on the national stage 3. *Arrival to power*, where conservatives seeking to control rising leftist opposition invite the movement to share power 4. *Exercise of power*, where the movement and its charismatic leader control the state in balance with state institutions such as the police and traditional elites such as the clergy and business magnates. 5. *Radicalization or entropy*, where the state either becomes increasingly radical, as did Nazi Germany, or slips into traditional authoritarian rule, as did Fascist Italy. Paxton tells me in correspondence “I think we can say that between a fascist regime and the Trump administration there are similarities and differences. The similarities were already apparent during the campaign. Trump et al. employed campaign themes and techniques that recall fascism. The classical fascist movements based their appeal on a diagnosis of decline, caused by internal and external enemies, and remedial only by strong executive measures. Trump and his associates made heavy use of themes of decline, internal enemies, and forceful action, and these continue to be the justification for unlimited executive power. Some other themes that recall fascism include nationalist disdain for any kind of international obligation or institution, placing the alleged needs of the nation above the rule of law, and tolerating violent action against dissenters. Trump and Bannon believe that the executive has unlimited power, derived from “the people,” and that press criticism is treasonous.” “Alongside these similarities, there is a major difference. The classic fascist regimes set up highly regimented economies, in which business was subordinated to national needs. These corporatist economies included an early form of welfare state, though independent labor power had been crushed. Trump and his associates, including the GOP majority in Congress, want extreme deregulation. Whereas fascists subordinated individual interests to an alleged national community interest, Trump and the GOP want to subordinate community interests to private interests, meaning the interests of the wealthy. Fascist regimes had high, progressive income taxes. The Trump administration’s commitment to deregulation and to market solutions to economic and social problems is altogether opposed to fascist regimentation, with its colored shirts and its obligatory organizations (Hitler Youth etc). Trump and the GOP seem to want to punish the ‘improvident’ poor, whereas the fascists promoted a national community, purged of its dissidents and unassimilable minorities, in where all the ‘real’ members of the ‘volk’ would be taken care of. Fascism was communitarian, Trumpism is individualistic. Using the fascist label in an indiscriminate fashion conceals these basic economic and social goals, and so keeps us from understanding the Trump administration.” -- Best regards, Andrew Stewart Message: 1 Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2018 13:50:06 -0400 From: Louis Proyect <l...@panix.com> To: marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu Subject: Re: [Marxism] Is Russia Really ?Fascist?? A Comment on Timothy Snyder | PONARS Eurasia Message-ID: <97f384eb-aac0-6c47-4c44-6eecb9739...@panix.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8; format=flowed On 9/9/18 1:39 PM, Ralph Johansen via Marxism wrote: > > That's quite plainly not the case with Trump. Yup. Trump has very little in common with fascism economically. Despite all the nationalist rhetoric, he is just the latest in a string of politicians going back to Reagan and Thatcher whose goal it is to reduce government spending to just about zero except for the military and the cops. The tax cuts should have made that clear. I wrote about this in CounterPunch in October, 2017: For all of the millions of words written about the fascist danger posed by Donald Trump, there are very few devoted to an actual analysis of fascist economics both as ideology and state policy. Instead there is a fixation on marchers in Charlottesville chanting ?blood and soil? or other Nazi era memes. Before considering whether people like Donald Trump or Steve Mnuchin seek to impose a fascist dictatorship on the USA, it might be useful to take a look at some of the demands found in the Manifesto of the Fascist party founded by Benito Mussolini in 1919 that was co-written by labor syndicalist Alceste De Ambris and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the author of the 1909 Futurist Manifesto that had a powerful impact on Russian art in the 1920s. + A strong progressive tax on capital (envisaging a ?partial expropriation? of concentrated wealth) + The quick enactment of a law of the state that sanctions an eight-hour workday for all workers + A minimum wage + The participation of workers? representatives in the functions of industry commissions + To show the same confidence in the labor unions (that prove to be technically and morally worthy) as is given to industry executives or public servants + The seizure of all the possessions of the religious congregations and the abolition of all the bishoprics, which constitute an enormous liability on the Nation and on the privileges of the poor full: https://www.counterpunch.org/2017/10/27/the-political-economy-of-fascism/ _________________________________________________________ Full posting guidelines at: http://www.marxmail.org/sub.htm Set your options at: http://lists.csbs.utah.edu/options/marxism/archive%40mail-archive.com
