Marx, Capital, vol. 3, chap. 29: " No matter how often this transaction is 
repeated, the capital of the state debt remains purely fictitious, and, as soon 
as the promissory notes become unsaleable, the illusion of this capital 
disappears. Nevertheless, this fictitious capital has its own laws of motion, 
as we shall presently see."

Is this true? Was Marx mistaken? Isn't it true that bills, bonds and notes 
issued by the Treasury are "promises to pay"?

Here's a quote from the Peter G. Peterson Foundation:

As of January 13, 2021, the Federal Reserve has a portfolio totaling $7.3 
trillion in assets, an increase of about $2.7 trillion from the $4.7 trillion 
total on March 18, 2020. Longer-term Treasury notes and bonds (excluding 
inflation-indexed securities) comprise about two-thirds of that expansion, with 
holdings of those two types of securities increasing from $2.2 trillion on 
March 18, 2020, to 4.0 trillion on January 13, 2021 — an increase of 87 percent.
According to this, treasury securities accumulated in bank reserves are 
"assets," not liabilities. This erroneous conception is the consequence of 
adhering to the notions of capitalist economic theory that prevail in 
capitalist countries today. Marx demonstrated these ideas as unscientific and 
"vulgar." The reason that bourgeois economists and investors consider IOUs as 
assets is because they are tokens of value that draw interest payments. For 
that reason they are bought and sold in bond markets. The fact that bank 
reserves are heavily dependent on these fictitious "assets" is a sign of the 
underlying weakness of  capitalism.
See: marxism-science.com


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