As previously noted, "the value of the oil includes the paid and unpaid labor 
of the 110,000 workers and the value of the constant capital transferred to the 
output, like the wear and tear of derricks or offshore rigs, their drill bits, 
pumps, etc"

S.A. purports to estimate the time per hour during which "workers reproduced 
their hourly wage." That is, he is after the division of the hour into 
necessary and surplus labor - agreed? To do that starting from total sales, you 
must deduct the constant capital value transferred to the final product and 
hence to its sales amount. That leaves the value created by the petro workers. 
But S.A. did not deduct the constant capital value. That is one reason why his 
calculation to 11h15s is incorrect.

The petro industry is highly capital intensive. And it typically pays rent to 
the Saudi or other state. The petro industry of course recovers these costs in 
the revenue. And S.A. needs to deduct these costs before he has a value amount 
that he can then divide between the necessary and surplus labor of the workers 
he counted, namely, the petro workers (not the workers whose labor produced the 
constant capital that the petro industry purchased).


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