Hari’s piece is a very good and thoroughly documented study of Israel's history 
of provocations to justify its aggressive expansionism. However in this case 
I’m not yet persuaded that Israel lured Hamas into a trap even though they were 
aware of its military preparations inside Gaza. The Israelis certainly 
exploited the attack after it occurred with unprecedented ferocity but it was 
initially seen inside and outside Israel as a humiliating intelligence failure 
and a dangerous blow to the deterrent credibility of its vaunted war machine. 
Netanyahu's standing plunged in the immediate aftermath of the war and it 
appeared his government was about to be toppled. Moreover, I take the public 
hand-wringing of the Biden administration at face value. Its failure to stop 
the genocide has made it look weak at home and. abroad. So we will need more 
evidence that it colluded with the Israelis to satisfy the ethnic cleansing and 
expansionist ambitions of the fanatical Zionist far right and to draw Iran into 
a wider war to redraw the map of the Middle East.

Wasn’t the Hamas leadership in Gaza caught between in a rock and a hard place? 
Should it have stood down and watched as the Palestinian issue was definitively 
buried by the extension of the US-brokered Abraham Accords to Saudi Arabia and 
the realization of the India Middle East Europe Corridor (IMEC)? The current 
genocide is horrific and in retrospect makes its somewhat undisciplined and 
chaotic military operation look like suicidal folly. Would a smaller scale raid 
aimed solely at military targets have provoked a less than barbaric Israeli 
reprisal? Perhaps. But it would not have resulted in the greatest anti-Zionist 
backlash and mobilization we’ve yet witnessed and placed the Palestine issue 
back on the global agenda. Will the Palestinian masses in retrospect say the 
enormous sacrifice was worth it? Who can say?

What would we as a leadership have done differently? Would we have downplayed 
or renounced armed struggle in favour of mass civil disobedience modelled on 
the South African anti-apartheid struggle? Very likely, but let's recall the 
nonviolent “marches of return” under Hamas leadership in 2018-20 which saw 
hundreds of Palestinians killed and thousands wounded by Israeli snipers, and 
the consistent smaller scale violent attacks on unarmed protestors elsewhere in 
occupied Palestine. In the face of Israeli military and settler violence, we 
would have difficulty consistently mobilizing large numbers of non-violent 
demonstrators and resisting calls for armed self-defence. We should keep 
building the BDS movement but recognize also that the Palestinians - unlike the 
ANC leadership which confronted the Boers -  are up against a much more 
formidable oppressor which also enjoys the backing of US imperialism.

Pappe, Ritter, and others may well be right in anticipating that the rise of 
Israeli religious fundamentalism and the associated costs of its military 
adventures will accelerate a brain drain and provoke capital flight, and that 
the resulting economic stagnation will make the Zionist state critically 
vulnerable, but at present this is unfortunately still more a hope rather than 
a reality.


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