[Editor’s note: Below is part one of an extensive essay written by Venezuelan 
Marxist Luis Bonilla-Molina, originally published on his blog as “ La situación 
de la clase trabajadora en Venezuela (2013-2024)”. Due to its length, LINKS 
International Journal of Socialist Renewal is publishing our translation in 
fourth parts: Introduction (below); The first Maduro government (2013-18); The 
second Maduro government (2018-24); and the July 28 presidential elections.]

To understand the situation of the Venezuelan working class, it is important to 
analyse the Maduro government — and Madurismo — in its three phases. While 
complementing each other and together expressing a strategic continuity, each 
phase has its own emphases. In the first period (2013-18), Maduro concentrated 
on consolidating the political project of the new bourgeoisie and crushing the 
political representatives of the old bourgeoisie. In the second period 
(2018-24), Madurismo assumed a Bonapartist character as it sought to: a) become 
the key factor in solving Venezuela’s crisis of capitalist accumulation (from 
1983 onwards), b) forge an agreement between these two sectors of the 
bourgeoisie, c) implement an anti-worker package, d) and take initiatives to 
re-establish relations with the United States as a stable oil supplier (as 
occurred after the start of the war in Ukraine). The third period, which began 
after the July 28 presidential elections, has involved Madurismo becoming 
increasingly authoritarian, as it seeks to demonstrate its complete domination 
and capacity to lead Venezuela out of its long crisis, even at the cost of the 
loss of legitimacy derived from the electoral situation.

Continue reading at 
https://links.org.au/venezuelan-working-class-under-maduro-2013-24-part-1-introduction


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