Voltage magnitudes are assumed to be 1 p.u., whereas the slack bus (type = 3) 
in the case file is chosen as the reference. Hence, the angle at the slack bus 
is then also taken as 0.
Hope it helps.

-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] 
[mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Stefanie Aebi
Sent: Tuesday, 1 May, 2018 2:13 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: DC OPF reference voltage

Hi
I wonder how DC OPF is handled. Since in the linearization only differences in 
voltages appear, is there a reference voltage set? And how is that reference 
voltage chosen? 
Thanks!



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