Hehehe karena ada cheerleader gue-pun jadi bangkit semangat dan bernafsu sekali hendak meng-KNOCK OUT orang yang mengaku-ngaku sebagai petinju "super heavyweight class" ini .. hehehehe ..
--- Bagya nugraha <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: BN: Bung Soto Kaki!! Ayo dong jelaskan penyebab perang vietnam! Emangnya murni ideologi?! Go to hell, Uncle Sam! SATO: Sudah saya jelaskan: Kekhawatiran terhadap berlakunya Teori Domino. Doktrin Truman dalam kaitan dengan Perang Dingin yang tak lain dari perang ideologi. The Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. (Kami berpegang pada dalil bahwa segenap manusia dilahirkan sederajat, bahwa mereka oleh Pencipta mereka, dibari Hak-Hak yang tidak dapat diganggu-gugat, yaitu Hak untuk Hidup, Hak untuk Bebas, dan Hak untuk Mengejar Kebahagiaan. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. BN: Ini petikan beberapa artikel: SATO: Apa yang hendak anda tunjukkan dengan artikel-artikel ini? Bahwa Perang Vietnam didorong oleh nafsu untuk menguasai minyak? Seperti judul thread anda: Because of Oil?? Yang mana dari artikel yang anda copy-paste di bawah yang menunjukkan bahwa AS berperang di Vietnam karena hendak menguasai minyak di sana? Saya bahkan terkesan anda sebenarnya tidak mengerti benar apa yang tertulis. Hanya meraba-raba maksudnya. Coba tunjukkan di salah satu artikel ini bahwa Vietnam memiliki cadangan minyak di DARATAN saat perang mulai berkobar disana tahun 1957 sampai awal 1960-an. Coba baca ini dari salahsatu penggalan artikel yang anda copy-paste. Gunakan kamus, tanya ke kamus kata-kata yang anda sebenarnya tidak tahu betul artinya. Malu bertanya sesat di jalan hehehe ... Article: "Viet Nam Finds Success in Program Aimed at Building Oil and Gas Capacity" Oil and Gas Journal v92, n48 (Nov 28, 1994) Summary: Viet Nam's efforts to build its oil and gas productive capacity are paying off. From having no hydrocarbon production just a few years ago, Viet Nam is emerging as one of the Asia-Pacific region's significant crude exporters. A second major oil field just started production off Viet Nam's southern coast, and a string of recent discoveries bodes well for further oil production increases. SATO: Anda baca di atas? Artikel itu ditulis tahun 1994. Tigapuluh tujuh tahun sesudah AS mulai melibatkan diri dalam Perang Vietnam (1957), 19 tahun sesudah Perang Vietnam berakhir (1975). Dan artikel itu mengatakan: akhirnya upaya Vietnam membuahkan hasil, dari tidak ada produksi hidrokarbon sama sekali HANYA BEBERAPA TAHUN YANG LALU menjadi salahsatu peng-ekspor signifikan minyak mentah. Ngerti apa yang saya maksud? Kalau AS mulai melancarkan perang dengan mengirim para penasehat militer ke Vietnam Selatan tahun 1957, ITU SAMA SEKALI BUKAN KARENA MINYAK, karena di daratan Vietnam TIDAK ADA minyak. Untuk apa minyak kalau pada masa itu tambang-tambang minyak di Texas, Louisiana dan California masih ber-produksi dengan kapasitas penuh, dan tambang-tambang minyak Arab Saudi dan Iran yang danau-danau minyaknya tidak jauh dari permukaan tanah baru mulai disadap. Dan harga minyak waktu itu murah sekali. Hanya tiga dollar sebarel, jadi minyak waktu itu berlimpah. Bandingkan dengan harga sekarang yang 60 dollar sebarrel. Nih saya kutip: http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm Crude Oil prices ranged between $2.50 and $3.00 from 1948 through the end of the 1960s. The price oil rose from $2.50 in 1948 to about $3.00 in 1957. When viewed in 2004 dollars an entirely different story emerges with crude oil prices fluctuating between $15 - $17 during the same period. SATO: Anda barangkali mengatakan, tapi terbukti sekarang Vietnam merupakan salahsatu negara pengekpsor minyak paling signifikan. Ya, tetapi darimana minyak itu diperoleh? Dari LADANG-LADANG MINYAK LEPAS PANTAI (off Viet Nam's southern coast) yang pada tahun 1957 itu mungkin tidak terpikirkan akan bisa ditambang karena teknologi yang masih terbatas, dan juga karena mahal sekali biaya menambangnya di tengah laut. (Minyak lepas pantai baru "economically feasible" untuk ditambang sesudah harga minyak naik melampaui 20 dollar se-barrel.) Dan selain itu, pada masa itu (Perang Vietnam 1957-1975) belum ada lagi ketetapan ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF 200 mil berdasarkan Hukum Laut Internasional. Amerika Serikat dan sebagian besar negara pada masa itu hanya mengakui wilayah kedaulatan suatu negara terbatas 3 mil dari garis pantai. Lewat dari itu adalah perairan internasional. Konvensi Hukum Laut Internasional (UN Convention on the Law of the Sea) Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa baru disetujui dan berlaku tahun 1994. Lalu mengapa AS harus melancarkan perang untuk menguasai sumber minyak yang dalam anggapannya waktu itu berada di PERAIRAN INTERNASIONAL, yang berarti boleh ditambang siapapun kalau tertarik? Lalu ucapan Nixon yang anda kutip: In a 1965 speech in Asia, Richard Nixon argued in favor of bombing North Vietnam to protect the "immense mineral potential" of Indonesia, which he later referred to as "by far the greatest prize in the southeast Asian area." Nixon kan menyebut "potensi mineral Indonesia yang sangat besar", bukan potensi mineral Vietnam. Maksudnya, kalau Teori Domino menjadi kenyataan, jatuhnya Vietnam akan diikuti jatuhnya Laos, Kamboja, Thailand, Birma, Malaysia, Indonesia dan Filipina. Jadi Nixon disini berbicara mengenai Teori Domino, ngerti? Dan ini yang dikatakan John F.Kennedy mengenai Teori Domino itu: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/VietnamWar.htm He argued that if South Vietnam became a communist state, the whole of the non-communist world would be at risk. If South Vietnam fell, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, Philippines, New Zealand and Australia would follow. If communism was not halted in Vietnam it would gradually spread throughout the world. This view became known as the Domino Theory. Kennedy went on to argue: "No other challenge is more deserving of our effort and energy... Our security may be lost piece by piece, country by country." Under his leadership, America would be willing to: "pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty." (Teori Domino ternyata tidak menjadi kenyataan di Asia Tenggara, malah di Eropa Timur pada akhir 1980-an dimana rezim-rezim komunis bertumbangan susul-menyusul hehehehe). Saya kira petinju "super heavyweight class" ini sudah TERKAPAR KNOCKED OUT. ---- US analyst Ludwell Denny in his book "We Fight for Oil" noted the domestic oil shortage and says international diplomacy had failed to secure any reliable foreign sources of oil for the United States. Fear of oil shortages would become the most important factor in international relations, Denny said. "That empire in Southeast Asia is the last major resource area outside the control of any one of the major powers of the globe....I believe that the condition of the Vietnamese people, and the direction in which their future may be going, are at this stage secondary, not primary." (Senator McGee, D-Wyo., in the U.S. Senate, Feb. 17, 1965) In a 1965 speech in Asia, Richard Nixon argued in favor of bombing North Vietnam to protect the "immense mineral potential" of Indonesia, which he later referred to as "by far the greatest prize in the southeast Asian area." To protect its prizes, the US eventually killed over four million people in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos between 1965 and 1975. In South Vietnam alone, the war resulted in a million widows and 879,000 orphans. It destroyed 9000 out of 15,000 hamlets, almost 40,000 square miles of farmland and 18,750 square miles of forest. Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) http://www.ccop. or.th/epf/ vietnam/vietnam_ terms.html PETROLEUM AGREEMENTS "The first type of oil and gas agreement applied in Vietnam was the concession system, in which an oil company is permitted by the host country to explore and produce petroleum on a certain area on the condition that it must pay to the State of this country compulsory taxes with a fixed rate. At the early stage of oil exploration in offshore southern Vietnam, the former Saigon Administration allowed oil companies including Pecten, Mobil, Esso and Marathon to conduct petroleum activities through concession agreements. After the establishment of PetroVietnam in 1975, in recognition of the advantage of the production-sharing system, it has been chosen as a basic frame for petroleum contracts." PETROVIETNAM, EXPLORATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN VIET NAM (http://www.petrovie tnam.com. vn/internet/ Promotion. nsf/EXP2002/ PROEXPII_ 2.htm) I.2 Exploration History The exploration activities for petroleum started in the early 1960s in the Song Hong Delta, northern Vietnam, with assistance of the former Soviet Union. By the late 1970's, almost 40 wells had been drilled in the region, however, only one small gas field was commercially developed. At the same period, exploration went on in the southern continental shelf through concession agreements signed with international oil companies including Mobil, Esso, Pecten, Marathon, and Texas Union. Article: "Viet Nam Finds Success in Program Aimed at Building Oil and Gas Capacity" Oil and Gas Journal v92, n48 (Nov 28, 1994) Summary: Viet Nam's efforts to build its oil and gas productive capacity are paying off. From having no hydrocarbon production just a few years ago, Viet Nam is emerging as one of the Asia-Pacific region's significant crude exporters. A second major oil field just started production off Viet Nam's southern coast, and a string of recent discoveries bodes well for further oil production increases. Russian firms develop Vietnam's oil and gas (http://therussiajou rnal.com/ index.htm? obj=2021) By ALEXEI DOROFEYEV / The Russia Journal 21 Dec 1999 Vietnam's gas reserves are estimated at 700 billion to 800 billion cubic meters. ============ ========= ========= ========= ========= = On 3/13/07, Sato Sakaki <ssakaki2002@ yahoo.com> wrote: > NEKOLIM, PERANG VIETNAM dan TEORI DOMINO > Oleh: Sato Sakaki
