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www.karbonjournal.org
contemporary art,
urban studies & visual culture in Indonesia
Volume 3 / Agustus 2007:
TRANSPORTASI UMUM
PERJALANAN BECAK,
PERJALANAN KOTA:
Benarkah
becak Yogyakarta masih “raja jalanan”?
oleh Yoshi Fajar Kresno
Murti
SENI DAN AIR SENI
SUPIR TAKSI
oleh Seno Gumira
Ajidarma
KETAKUTAN DUDUK BERSAMA
Catatan tentang bus Patas AC di
Jakarta
oleh Ardi Yunanto
KEPADA SUPIR YANG
BAIK
Karya stiker Andry Mochamad
oleh Ardi Yunanto
Transportasi
umum selalu menjadi permasalahan kota yang tak pernah selesai. Jika ada yang
sudah selesai, hilang sama sekali, itu adalah becak di Jakarta yang sudah habis
dibasmi dengan alasan tidak jelas. Satu hal yang jelas, becak adalah
representasi ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam merawat perekonomian negara. Pada
masa krisis 1980-an, Gubernur Tjokropranolo melonggarkan keberadaan becak,
begitu pula Gubernur Sutiyoso setelah krisis moneter 1998—walau pernyataan
lisannya itu segera dicabut kembali. Semua karena pemerintah tidak sanggup
memberi pilihan pekerjaan yang lebih baik. Becak boleh saja ada asal tidak di
Jakarta. Namun, setangguh betis tukang becak, sekian dekade dibasmi, becak
tetap
ada, tak terkalahkan seperti Rambo, salah satu tokoh dalam cerita pendek Seno
Gumira Ajidarma (Becak Terakhir di Dunia (atawa Rambo),
1986).
Dilihat dari
segi pariwisata, Jakarta dan Yogyakarta jelas memiliki sudut pandang berbeda.
Demi menyambut Visit Indonesia Year 1991, Gubernur Jakarta, Wiyogo kembali
membasmi becak demi kepuasan mata turis. Sementara di Yogyakarta, dengan alasan
yang sama dan berbagai kepentingan dibaliknya, “Becak akan dipertahankan sampai
umur Yogyakarta habis”, seperti dikutip dari pernyataan Walikota Yogyakarta
pada
2004 oleh Yoshi Fajar Kresno Murti dalam tulisannya kali ini. Saat ini, becak
telah tiada di Jakarta, namun tetap ada di Yogyakarta dan kota-kota lainnya.
Yoshi Fajar Kresno Murti menuliskan perjalanan becak di Yogyakarta dengan
sangat
menarik. Diakhiri dengan keberadaan becak motor di sana, ia kembali
mempertanyakan rencana besar Yogyakarta di masa depan dalam hal transportasi
umumnya. Namun, kembali ke Jakarta—juga dalam hal rencana besarnya di masa
depan, yang dahulu direncanakan tanpa mengikutsertakan becak—bukankah lebih
baik
jika Jakarta sekarang tidak memiliki becak? Mau mengayuh ke mana lagi tukang
becak sekarang? Ada atau tiadanya becak, Jakarta tetap macet, dan rencana
jalanan Jakarta bukan hanya tak ramah bagi becak, namun bagi semua jenis
kendaraan dan juga manusianya.
Kini, ojek
merajalela, begitu juga taksi yang kini hadir dalam berbagai merk dan
tarif—banyak supir butuh penghasilan, dan banyak pengusaha butuh keuntungan.
Namun adakah perubahan dalam kehidupan supir taksi sendiri? Anda bisa
membandingkan kondisi saat ini dengan tulisan Seno Gumira Ajidarma yang kembali
kami hadirkan. Sejumlah pengalaman dan pandangan hormatnya atas kehidupan supir
taksi. Kedua hal yang juga ingin dibagi sebagai pengalaman bersama oleh Andry
Mochamad, dalam sebuah stiker yang dibuatnya pada 2001 untuk para penumpang
tentang supir angkutan yang baik.
Tidak semua
jenis transportasi umum kami ulas di sini, sekalipun tambahan sudut pandang
baru
dari Anda akan terus kami nantikan. Ada kejadian seputar transportasi umum yang
berubah dan ada yang tidak, seperti yang saya tuliskan di sini, mengenai
perilaku duduk penumpang di dalam bus Patas AC. Situasi ketika mereka tidak
hanya memilih akan duduk di mana, namun juga akan duduk dengan siapa. Berbagai
pilihan yang kembali menegaskan, betapa masih menakutkannya jalanan ibukota
bagi
masyarakatnya. Sekaligus menghadirkan kenyataan, betapa perbaikan kualitas
transportasi umum kota yang belum juga terlihat, masih harus menanggung beban
lain: waktu yang masih sangat lama untuk mengubah perilaku masyarakatnya
sendiri.
Salam,
Ardi
Yunanto
editor
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Karbon adalah
jurnal yang membahas permasalahan senirupa kontemporer serta hubungannya dengan
fenomena sosial-urban di Indonesia, diterbitkan oleh ruangrupa; sebuah artists’
initiative yang didirikan tahun 2000 oleh sekelompok seniman dari Jakarta.
Sepanjang tahun 2000-2006, Karbon telah menerbitkan 7 edisi dalam format buku
dengan menggunakan dua bahasa (Indonesia & Inggris). Mulai tahun 2007,
Karbon mengubah formatnya menjadi www.karbonjournal.org, sebuah jurnal dalam
bentuk website yang mengeluarkan
artikel baru setiap dua bulan. Karbon mengembangkan pembahasannya pada praktek
senirupa sebagai analisa untuk memetakan hubungan dengan fenomena sosial, serta
menelaah permasalahan-permasalahan urban dan budaya visual dalam ruang-ruang
kota dengan sudut pandang yang luas secara lintas
disiplin.
Diterbitkan
oleh:
ruangrupa; sebuah
artists’ initiative yang didirikan tahun 2000 oleh sekelompok seniman dari
Jakarta. Organisasi nirlaba yang bergiat mengupayakan pertumbuhan kemajuan
menggagaskan soal-soal seni rupa dalam lingkup luas kebudayaan melalui
pengkajian ilmu-ilmu seni, telaah, dan pendokumentasian serta kerja-bersama di
antara seniman dan cipta kreatifnya melalui pameran, program residensi seniman,
proyek seni, dan workshop..
www.ruangrupa.org
Didukung
oleh:
RAIN – Artists’
Initiatives Network
STICHTING DOEN
www.karbonjournal.org
contemporary art,
urban studies & visual culture in Indonesia
Volume 3 / August 2007:
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
THE JOURNEY OF THE BECAK,
THE JOURNEY OF THE CITY:
Is
the becak of Yogyakarta (still) the king of the road?
by Yoshi Fajar Kresno
Murti
THE ART AND URINE OF
THE TAXI DRIVER
by Seno Gumira
Ajidarma
THE FEAR OF SITTING TOGETHER
A note on the AC Patas buses in
Jakarta
by Ardi Yunanto
DEAR DRIVER…
A sticker by Andry Mochamad
by Ardi Yunanto
Public transportation is a
never-ending urban problem. One thing, however, has ended, disappeared without
a
trace: the Jakartan pedicab, which had been wiped out due to some dubious
reasons. One thing is clear, though; the pedicabs are a representation of the
ineptitude of the government in managing the economy of the country. During the
crisis in the 1980s, Governor Tjokropranolo of Jakarta gave more rooms for
movements for the pedicabs, and so did Governor Sutiyoso after the monetary
crisis in 1998—although the latter immediately rescinded this oral declaration.
This is all because the government is unable to give some better job options.
Pedicabs might exist, as long as they are not in Jakarta. But the pedicabs are
as though as their drivers; after decades of abolition efforts, they still
exist, as invincible as Rambo, one of the characters in a 1986 short story by
Seno Gumira Ajidarma, Becak Terakhir di Dunia (Atawa Rambo) or The Last
Pedicab on Earth (or Rambo).
In terms of their respective tourism
policy, Jakarta and Yogyakarta clearly see things differently. To welcome the
Visit Indonesia Year 1991, the governor of Jakarta at the time, Wiyogo, had
another go at abolishing the pedicab to protect the tourists’ sight. Meanwhile
in Yogyakarta, with that very reason plus many interests beyond it, “The
pedicabs must be maintained [in Yogyakarta] until our dying days”—as proclaimed
by the Mayor of Yogyakarta in 2004, quoted by Yoshi Fajar Kresno Murti in his
article in this edition of Karbonjournal. The pedicabs have now disappeared
from
Jakarta but they still exist in Yogyakarta and other Indonesian cities and
towns. Yoshi Fajar Kresno Murti enchantingly delineates the journey of the
Yogyakartan pedicabs. Ending his essay with a note on the motor pedicabs in
Yogyakarta, the writer re-questions his town’s vision for the future in terms
of
its public transportation.
Returning to the topic about
Jakarta—how its grand plan has been created without recognizing the
pedicabs—isn’t it better that Jakarta has no pedicabs today? Where would a
pedicab driver go today? With or without the pedicabs, the traffic jams of
Jakarta will remain and the blueprint for the Jakartan roads are unfriendly not
only to the pedicabs but also to all kinds of vehicles and
citizens.
The ojek drivers are
omnipresent now, and so are the taxis that today exist with varying brands and
tariffs—many drivers need money, and many business people need profits. Has the
life of the taxi driver changed, however? You can compare today’s condition
with
the short essay by Seno Gumira Ajidarma republished here. The writer presents
there his experiences with, and respect for, taxi drivers. These are also two
of
the things that Andry Mochamad wants to share to provide some common
experience,
by producing stickers for passengers to tag good bus drivers in
2001..
We do not cover all means of public
transportation, and any new point of view that you might provide is always
welcome. In the public transportation system, some things have changed and some
things stay the same—just as I describe in my essay about the seating attitude
of the passengers on the AC Patas buses, who will not only select where they
would sit, but also with whom they want to sit. Such considerations reaffirm
how
scary the Jakartan roads are for the citizens. This also shows a yet another
burden in the effort to improve the quality of the public transportation
system:
the long time it takes to change the attitude of the
people.
With
regards,
Ardi
Yunanto
editor
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Karbon is a
journal discussing about the issues of the contemporary art and their relation
with the urban-social phenomena in Indonesia, published by ruangrupa,
an artists’ initiative founded in the year 2000 by a group of Jakarta based
artists. In the period of 2000–2006, Karbon has published seven
bilingual editions (Indonesian and English) in book form. Since 2007,
Karbon changes its format to become a web media at
www.karbonjournal.org, producing new articles every two month.
Karbon expands the discourse it addresses to the issues on the art
practices, as an analyses to map their relations with the social phenomena, and
to examine the issues of the urban and the visual cultures in city spaces, with
various point of views.
published
by:
ruangrupa, an
artists’ initiative founded in the year 2000 by a group of Jakarta based
artists, a non-profit organization which focuses on supporting the development
of art in the cultural context through research, study and documentation, along
with intensive cooperation with the artists through exhibitions, artist
residency program, art project and workshop.
www.ruangrupa.org
Supported
by:
RAIN – Artists’
Initiatives Network
STICHTING
DOEN
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