> On Monday, June 5, 2023 at 9:18:51 AM UTC+8 [email protected] wrote:
> '=' stands for class equality: https://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/wceq.html (e.g. 
> equality of numbers)
> '↔' stands for the logical biconditional: 
> https://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/wb.html (i.e. equality of truth values)

> On Jun 5, 2023, at 1:26 AM, Humanities Clinic <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
> 
> Erm yes I know that.. But it's a little confusing when one sign should/can be 
> used instead of the other.. Can someone clarify?

Sure! If the left & right sides are classes (including sets), use "=".
If the left & right sides are wffs (that is, values that are true or false), 
use "<->".

So you'd say A = B and ( ph <-> ps ), not the other way around.
The constant true is represented as "T." and the constant false is "F.",
so you'd compare to them using "<->". Here's a true statement:
( T. <-> A. x x = x )

While we're mentioning it, set.mm is picky about parentheses. Here are the 
conventions:

* When a function that takes two classes and produces a class is applied
  as part of an infix expression, the expression is always surrounded by
  parentheses.  For example, the use of "+" in <tt>( 2 + 2 )</tt>.
* Predicate expressions in infix form that take two or three wffs
  (a true or false value) and produce a wff are also always
  surrounded by parentheses, such as <tt>( ph -> ps )</tt>.
* In contrast, a binary relation
  (which compares two classes and produces a wff)
  applied in an infix expression is *not* surrounded by parentheses. This
  includes set membership, for example, "1 e. RR" (1 is a member
  of the set of real numbers) has no parentheses. This also includes "=".

You can find other set.mm conventions in:
* set.mm general conventions - https://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/conventions.html
* set.mm label naming conventions - 
https://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/conventions-labels.html

--- David A. Wheeler

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