I assume that you are concerned with a flow splitting rather than a flow joining condition. This is a condition covered in standard fitting loss tables. It depends on the type of fitting and which way the flow goes. In the case of a Tee, the branch flow loss is 1 Q, while the run (straight through) loss is 0.4 Q. Q is the velocity head, or dynamic pressure, or the kinetic energy, cast as head.
Q = 1/2 V^2/g If you use V in m/sec g is 9.81 m/sec^2, if V is in ft/sec g is 32.3 ft/sec^2 Generally the only place a flow splits is at the turbine for the use of multiple nozzles. It can be shown that if you use piping that is at least 3 nozzle bores in diameter, then the losses are minimal. A nozzle converts all of the pressure to velocity, so Q at the nozzle exit equals the head in the nozzle piping. If the diameter of the nozzle piping is 3x the nozzle bore, then the velocity (area scales as diameter squared, and velocity is proportional to area) in the nozzle feed pipe will be 1/9th the nozzle exit velocity. Therefore, Q which is 1/2 the velocity squared will be 1/2 of 1/81 of the nozzle q which is the head at the feed pipe. That means Q is 0.6% of the net head (after penstock losses) in the nozzle feed pipe. Since typical loss coeficients of Ells and Tees are on the order of 0.4 to 1.0, that means you can limit the fitting losses in the nozzle pipeline to about 1% of net head by using piping which is 3x the nozzle bore. Joe Hartvigsen-Hydro http://h-hydro.com --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], "simamkele" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Can any one help me on the theoretical derivation of the loss > coefficient in the piping bifurcations as i need it for optimisation > of this power plant yet i cannot assume it as a constant, unlike the > inlet losses,sudden contraction and expansion and the geometry of an > unsymmetric also comes into play. > If there are any manuals,books,internet site,software analysis or > pipe designers kindly inform me. ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! Companion Toolbar. Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/FGYolB/TM --------------------------------------------------------------------~-> Does your company feature in the microhydro business directory at http://microhydropower.net/directory ? If not, please register free of charge and be exposed to the microhydro community world wide! NOTE: The advertisements in this email are added by Yahoogroups who provides us with free email group services. The microhydro-group does not endorse products or support the advertisements in any way. More information on micro hydropower at http://microhydropower.net To unsubscribe: send empty message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/microhydro/ <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
