In Dostoevsty’s novel, “Crime and Punishment”, Raskolnikov commits
murder with the justification, “If God doesn’t exist, then anything is
permissible.” Dostoevsky, who advocated a slavophile Christianity,
uses the novel to argue that rationalist atheism leads to nihilism and
chaos and that a belief in a redeeming God is the only solid basis for
human life.

The theistic argument for an ultimate basis for morality is, of
course, easy; morality is divinely deemed, proscribed, part of the
template of existence. It gives answers to the question, “why be
moral?” on different levels; because God has ordained it, because it
is a God-created part of human nature, because God will punish you if
you aren’t and reward you if you are.

Where can atheists find an answer to the question; why be moral? More
practically, perhaps, if we accept secular models for organising
society (and this is the basis of western societies), where do we find
arguments in favour of behaving morally? In the wake of the financial
collapse, many commentators have identified a lack of moral
sensibility on the part of those managing and playing the markets as
one of the underlying problems leading to the collapse. Is the basis
of law and regulation merely deterrent; the fear of the consequences
of being caught?

Francis


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