Henning, thanks for your quick reply.

>> Which disadvantages could this mode of operation have compared to the
>> classic mode with IPs assigned?
>
>the backup node might not be able to reach the network on the carp if

Hmm... what does this mean to me..? To make it more precise - my setup looks 
like this:

Physical NIC -> trunk interface -> vlan interface = physical interface of the 
carpdev ->  carpdev -> virtual IP  (no IP on the vlan interface)

I tested this setup and experienced unpredictable transitions from and to 
master/backup state on different carp groups configured that way and also 
unstable connections with >50% packet loss. I strictly followed the carp/pfsync 
configuration guidance in respect of advskew, sysctl.conf options and so on. So 
I wondered if this may have been caused by the "no IP" configuration.

Is multicast only used when there are no IPs configured for the physical 
interfaces of the carpdevs?

Regards
Christoph


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